四、阅读理解
How do we know about things that took place thousands of years ago, when there were no videos or photos? One answer is written records（书面记录）. The earliest written records of Chinese culture are known as oracle bone script (甲骨文).
①
The oracle bone script is characters（文字）on turtle（龟）shells or animal bones. More than 3,000 years ago, ancient Chinese people in the Shang dynasty liked to ask fortune tellers（占卜师）about the future. The things they asked could be about family, weather, buildings, and so on. The fortune teller would write the questions on an oracle bone, make it hot, and then read the cracks（裂纹）on it to find an answer.
②
In 1899, a man named Wang Yirong became sick in Beijing. He bought a medicine called "dragon bones". As an expert（专家）in studying ancient script, he soon found out that these symbols on the bones could be ancient writing. He sent people to buy a large number of these oracle bones and studied them. After careful study, he thought that these signs were the characters of the Shang dynasty more than 3,000 years ago.
③
The oracle bone script not only tells us about ancient Chinese culture, but also is important to understand the development（发展）of the written form of the Chinese language. For example, the Chinese character ma on the oracle bone looks like a running horse. It has a long face and long legs. The character becomes simpler today, but we can still see the shape of a horse in it. "The oracle bone script shows the beautiful and special parts of a language that have been passed down year after year," said Chen Nan, a teacher at Tsinghua University.
(
A. By telling a story.
B. By introducing a famous person.
C. By comparing（对比）differences.
D. By explaining（解释）the reasons.
(
(
a. Who discovered（发现）oracle bone script?
b. What is oracle bone script?
c. Why is oracle bone script important?
A. ①-a, ②-b, ③-c B. ①-b, ②-c, ③-a C. ①-a, ②-c, ③-b D. ①-b, ②-a, ③-c
Exercise 3 of Unit 4 of 7B Reading (Ⅱ)
How do we know about things that took place thousands of years ago, when there were no videos or photos? One answer is written records（书面记录）. The earliest written records of Chinese culture are known as oracle bone script (甲骨文).
①
The oracle bone script is characters（文字）on turtle（龟）shells or animal bones. More than 3,000 years ago, ancient Chinese people in the Shang dynasty liked to ask fortune tellers（占卜师）about the future. The things they asked could be about family, weather, buildings, and so on. The fortune teller would write the questions on an oracle bone, make it hot, and then read the cracks（裂纹）on it to find an answer.
②
In 1899, a man named Wang Yirong became sick in Beijing. He bought a medicine called "dragon bones". As an expert（专家）in studying ancient script, he soon found out that these symbols on the bones could be ancient writing. He sent people to buy a large number of these oracle bones and studied them. After careful study, he thought that these signs were the characters of the Shang dynasty more than 3,000 years ago.
③
The oracle bone script not only tells us about ancient Chinese culture, but also is important to understand the development（发展）of the written form of the Chinese language. For example, the Chinese character ma on the oracle bone looks like a running horse. It has a long face and long legs. The character becomes simpler today, but we can still see the shape of a horse in it. "The oracle bone script shows the beautiful and special parts of a language that have been passed down year after year," said Chen Nan, a teacher at Tsinghua University.
(
A
) 1. How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 3?A. By telling a story.
B. By introducing a famous person.
C. By comparing（对比）differences.
D. By explaining（解释）the reasons.
(
C
) 2. Which of the following is the Chinese character ma on the oracle bone?(
D
) 3. Match the subtitles（副标题）to the three paragraphs.a. Who discovered（发现）oracle bone script?
b. What is oracle bone script?
c. Why is oracle bone script important?
A. ①-a, ②-b, ③-c B. ①-b, ②-c, ③-a C. ①-a, ②-c, ③-b D. ①-b, ②-a, ③-c
Exercise 3 of Unit 4 of 7B Reading (Ⅱ)
答案：1.A 2.C 3.D
解析：
【分析】
我们可以逐题梳理思路：
1. 第一题要判断第三段的写作展开方式，首先通读第三段明确段落核心内容，再对照四个选项逐一排除不符合的描述，就能得到正确答案。
2. 第二题要找出甲骨文的“马”字，直接定位原文第四段对甲骨文“马”的描述：像奔跑的马，有长脸长腿，是象形的形态，对比四个选项的字形，排除简体、繁体和其他象形字，选出符合描述的选项。
3. 第三题是副标题匹配，我们先分别概括三个标注序号后的段落核心内容，再把三个副标题和段落核心一一对应，就能选出正确的匹配组合。
【解析】
1. 第三段完整讲述了1899年王懿荣身患疾病，购买名为“龙骨”的药材时，偶然发现药材上的符号是商代古文字的小故事，作者是通过叙事讲故事的方式展开该段落。B选项“介绍著名人物”并非段落核心目的，C选项“对比差异”在段落中无相关内容，D选项“解释原因”不符合段落叙事属性，因此答案为A。
2. 根据原文第四段的描述“the Chinese character ma on the oracle bone looks like a running horse. It has a long face and long legs”，甲骨文的“马”是描摹马匹形态的象形字：A是其他象形文字，B是现代简体汉字“马”，D是繁体楷书“馬”，只有C的字形符合象形的奔跑马匹的特征，因此答案为C。
3. 逐段匹配副标题：①后的段落介绍甲骨文的定义、商代占卜时的使用场景，对应副标题b“什么是甲骨文”；②后的段落介绍王懿荣发现甲骨文的完整过程，对应副标题a“谁发现了甲骨文”；③后的段落介绍甲骨文的文化价值、对汉字发展的重要意义，对应副标题c“为什么甲骨文很重要”，最终匹配结果为①-b，②-a，③-c，因此答案为D。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，段落写作手法，汉字演变常识
【点评】
本题选材围绕甲骨文的科普内容，贴合七年级英语阅读的难度要求，同时融入中华优秀传统文化相关常识，既考察学生快速提取文本关键信息的能力，也引导学生了解汉字的发展历史，大部分学生只要准确定位原文对应内容，排除干扰项即可顺利得分。
【难度系数】
0.7
我们可以逐题梳理思路：
1. 第一题要判断第三段的写作展开方式，首先通读第三段明确段落核心内容，再对照四个选项逐一排除不符合的描述，就能得到正确答案。
2. 第二题要找出甲骨文的“马”字，直接定位原文第四段对甲骨文“马”的描述：像奔跑的马，有长脸长腿，是象形的形态，对比四个选项的字形，排除简体、繁体和其他象形字，选出符合描述的选项。
3. 第三题是副标题匹配，我们先分别概括三个标注序号后的段落核心内容，再把三个副标题和段落核心一一对应，就能选出正确的匹配组合。
【解析】
1. 第三段完整讲述了1899年王懿荣身患疾病，购买名为“龙骨”的药材时，偶然发现药材上的符号是商代古文字的小故事，作者是通过叙事讲故事的方式展开该段落。B选项“介绍著名人物”并非段落核心目的，C选项“对比差异”在段落中无相关内容，D选项“解释原因”不符合段落叙事属性，因此答案为A。
2. 根据原文第四段的描述“the Chinese character ma on the oracle bone looks like a running horse. It has a long face and long legs”，甲骨文的“马”是描摹马匹形态的象形字：A是其他象形文字，B是现代简体汉字“马”，D是繁体楷书“馬”，只有C的字形符合象形的奔跑马匹的特征，因此答案为C。
3. 逐段匹配副标题：①后的段落介绍甲骨文的定义、商代占卜时的使用场景，对应副标题b“什么是甲骨文”；②后的段落介绍王懿荣发现甲骨文的完整过程，对应副标题a“谁发现了甲骨文”；③后的段落介绍甲骨文的文化价值、对汉字发展的重要意义，对应副标题c“为什么甲骨文很重要”，最终匹配结果为①-b，②-a，③-c，因此答案为D。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，段落写作手法，汉字演变常识
【点评】
本题选材围绕甲骨文的科普内容，贴合七年级英语阅读的难度要求，同时融入中华优秀传统文化相关常识，既考察学生快速提取文本关键信息的能力，也引导学生了解汉字的发展历史，大部分学生只要准确定位原文对应内容，排除干扰项即可顺利得分。
【难度系数】
0.7