五、跨学科 生物 阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态
子主题:动物科普
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★★
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It's like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some seabirds have a similar ability. They can make a map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field(磁场), while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have had no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act by humans may mean a lot to animals.
1. How can a certain kind of ants find their way?
A. By imagining the way.
B. By counting their steps.
C. By bringing food together.
D. By walking through a forest.
2. What does the underlined word "mystery" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Secret.
B. Choice.
C. Reason.
D. Feeling.
3. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Birds' Sense of Light
B. Fish's Sense of Smell
C. Animals' Sense of Direction
D. Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field
主题群:自然生态
子主题:动物科普
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★★
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It's like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some seabirds have a similar ability. They can make a map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field(磁场), while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have had no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act by humans may mean a lot to animals.
1. How can a certain kind of ants find their way?
A. By imagining the way.
B. By counting their steps.
C. By bringing food together.
D. By walking through a forest.
2. What does the underlined word "mystery" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Secret.
B. Choice.
C. Reason.
D. Feeling.
3. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Birds' Sense of Light
B. Fish's Sense of Smell
C. Animals' Sense of Direction
D. Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field
答案：1. B 细节理解题。根据“A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知，一种蚂蚁能数自己的步子来避免迷路。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据“How can this kind of fish do that ... Scientists have had no good answers yet.”可知，科学家至今还没有好的答案。也就是说，这仍然是一个秘密。
3. C 标题归纳题。本文列举了几个典型的动物能用自己的特殊能力判断方向的事例，因此用“动物的方向感”作为本文的标题是最合适的。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据“How can this kind of fish do that ... Scientists have had no good answers yet.”可知，科学家至今还没有好的答案。也就是说，这仍然是一个秘密。
3. C 标题归纳题。本文列举了几个典型的动物能用自己的特殊能力判断方向的事例，因此用“动物的方向感”作为本文的标题是最合适的。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇动物科普类说明文阅读理解，三道题分别对应细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意三类常规阅读考点，解题思路如下：1. 第一题是细节题，直接用题干关键词"a certain kind of ants"回文定位，找到描述这类蚂蚁找路方式的原文语句，直接匹配选项即可；2. 第二题词义猜测题，定位划线词所在的段落，结合划线词前后的上下文逻辑，后文提到科学家至今没有相关问题的答案，由此推断单词含义；3. 第三题选最佳标题，需要通读全文梳理核心主题，排除只覆盖局部内容的片面选项，选出能概括全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第一句"A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost."，明确说明这类蚂蚁靠数步数避免迷路、找到回家的路，对应选项B；A选项文中未提及，C选项带食物回家是蚂蚁找路后的行为结果，不是找路的方式，D选项穿过森林是作者打比方的内容，均不符合题意。
2. 词义猜测题：定位第三段划线词"mystery"所在位置，前文提出疑问“这类鱼是怎么做到靠磁场长途往返的”，后文紧接着说明"Scientists have had no good answers yet."，也就是这个问题至今没有被解答，是尚未被人类知晓的秘密，对应A选项Secret；B选择、C原因、D感觉均不符合上下文逻辑。
3. 标题归纳题：通读全文可知，文章开篇就点明核心主题：部分动物长途跋涉后能顺利回家，是天生拥有特殊的方向感知能力，后文分别举了数步数导航的蚂蚁、靠嗅觉导航的鱼类和海鸟、感知地磁场导航的鱼类、靠星星导航的鸟类的多个例子，全部围绕动物的方向感知能力展开；A只讲鸟类的光感、B只讲鱼类的嗅觉、D只讲动物的磁场感知，都只是文中的局部细节，无法覆盖全文内容，只有C选项能完整概括全文主旨。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于跨学科的自然生态主题阅读，将英语阅读能力考察和动物科普知识结合，考点覆盖中小学英语阅读的三类核心题型，难度梯度平缓，既能够锻炼学生回文定位、逻辑推断、整体概括的基础阅读能力，也能引导学生关注人类活动对野生动物的影响，树立生态保护意识。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇动物科普类说明文阅读理解，三道题分别对应细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意三类常规阅读考点，解题思路如下：1. 第一题是细节题，直接用题干关键词"a certain kind of ants"回文定位，找到描述这类蚂蚁找路方式的原文语句，直接匹配选项即可；2. 第二题词义猜测题，定位划线词所在的段落，结合划线词前后的上下文逻辑，后文提到科学家至今没有相关问题的答案，由此推断单词含义；3. 第三题选最佳标题，需要通读全文梳理核心主题，排除只覆盖局部内容的片面选项，选出能概括全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第一句"A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost."，明确说明这类蚂蚁靠数步数避免迷路、找到回家的路，对应选项B；A选项文中未提及，C选项带食物回家是蚂蚁找路后的行为结果，不是找路的方式，D选项穿过森林是作者打比方的内容，均不符合题意。
2. 词义猜测题：定位第三段划线词"mystery"所在位置，前文提出疑问“这类鱼是怎么做到靠磁场长途往返的”，后文紧接着说明"Scientists have had no good answers yet."，也就是这个问题至今没有被解答，是尚未被人类知晓的秘密，对应A选项Secret；B选择、C原因、D感觉均不符合上下文逻辑。
3. 标题归纳题：通读全文可知，文章开篇就点明核心主题：部分动物长途跋涉后能顺利回家，是天生拥有特殊的方向感知能力，后文分别举了数步数导航的蚂蚁、靠嗅觉导航的鱼类和海鸟、感知地磁场导航的鱼类、靠星星导航的鸟类的多个例子，全部围绕动物的方向感知能力展开；A只讲鸟类的光感、B只讲鱼类的嗅觉、D只讲动物的磁场感知，都只是文中的局部细节，无法覆盖全文内容，只有C选项能完整概括全文主旨。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于跨学科的自然生态主题阅读，将英语阅读能力考察和动物科普知识结合，考点覆盖中小学英语阅读的三类核心题型，难度梯度平缓，既能够锻炼学生回文定位、逻辑推断、整体概括的基础阅读能力，也能引导学生关注人类活动对野生动物的影响，树立生态保护意识。
【难度系数】
0.7