五、跨学科 地理 任务型阅读。
阅读短文,根据所读内容,在文章后题的空格里填入最恰当的内容。注意:1~8题每个空格只填1 个单词,第 9 题词数不少于 20。
主题群:自然生态
子主题:知识科普
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★★
A cloud is made of water drops or ice crystals floating in the sky. There are many kinds of clouds. Clouds are an important part in Earth's weather.
The sky can be full of water. But most of the time you can't see the water. The drops of water are too small to see. They have turned into water vapor. As the water vapor goes higher in the sky, the air goes cooler. The cooler air causes the water droplets(水滴) to start to stick to things such as bits of dust, ice or sea salt.
Clouds get their names in two ways. One way is by where they're found in the sky. Some clouds are high up in the sky. Low clouds form closer to earth's surface. In fact, low clouds can even touch the ground. These clouds are called fog. Middle clouds are found between low and high clouds.
Another way clouds are named is by their shape. Cirrus clouds(卷云) are high clouds. They look like feathers. Altocumulus clouds are middle clouds. These clouds look like giant cotton balls in the sky. Stratus clouds are low clouds. The sky is covered by them. They look like bed sheets.
Most of the water in clouds is in very small droplets. The droplets are so light that they float in the air. Sometimes those droplets join with other droplets. Then they turn into larger drops. When that happens, gravity(重力) causes them to fall to the earth. We call the falling water drops "rain". When the air is colder, the water may form snowflakes instead. Freezing rain, sleet or even hail can fall from clouds.
Clouds are important for many reasons. Rain and snow are two of those reasons. At night, clouds reflect heat and keep the ground warmer. During the day, clouds make shade that can keep us cooler. Studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather.
|Introduction|Clouds are of great 1.
| ---- | ---- |
|Ways of forming clouds|• Small drops of water turn into water vapor.
• As the water vapor 2.
|3.
• When lots of low clouds touch the ground, the weather will be 5.
• According to their shape, clouds also have three names. Cirrus clouds look like feathers while stratus clouds 6.
|Different forms|• Small and 7.
• Gravity makes larger drops 8.
|Reasons for studying clouds|Why do people study clouds according to the passage?
9.
阅读短文,根据所读内容,在文章后题的空格里填入最恰当的内容。注意:1~8题每个空格只填1 个单词,第 9 题词数不少于 20。
主题群:自然生态
子主题:知识科普
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★★
A cloud is made of water drops or ice crystals floating in the sky. There are many kinds of clouds. Clouds are an important part in Earth's weather.
The sky can be full of water. But most of the time you can't see the water. The drops of water are too small to see. They have turned into water vapor. As the water vapor goes higher in the sky, the air goes cooler. The cooler air causes the water droplets(水滴) to start to stick to things such as bits of dust, ice or sea salt.
Clouds get their names in two ways. One way is by where they're found in the sky. Some clouds are high up in the sky. Low clouds form closer to earth's surface. In fact, low clouds can even touch the ground. These clouds are called fog. Middle clouds are found between low and high clouds.
Another way clouds are named is by their shape. Cirrus clouds(卷云) are high clouds. They look like feathers. Altocumulus clouds are middle clouds. These clouds look like giant cotton balls in the sky. Stratus clouds are low clouds. The sky is covered by them. They look like bed sheets.
Most of the water in clouds is in very small droplets. The droplets are so light that they float in the air. Sometimes those droplets join with other droplets. Then they turn into larger drops. When that happens, gravity(重力) causes them to fall to the earth. We call the falling water drops "rain". When the air is colder, the water may form snowflakes instead. Freezing rain, sleet or even hail can fall from clouds.
Clouds are important for many reasons. Rain and snow are two of those reasons. At night, clouds reflect heat and keep the ground warmer. During the day, clouds make shade that can keep us cooler. Studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather.
|Introduction|Clouds are of great 1.
importance
to Earth's weather, such as rain and snow.|| ---- | ---- |
|Ways of forming clouds|• Small drops of water turn into water vapor.
• As the water vapor 2.
rises
in the sky, the air goes cooler. The cooler air finally causes the small water drops to form clouds.||3.
Types/Names
of clouds|• High clouds, middle clouds and low clouds are named by their 4. places/heights
.• When lots of low clouds touch the ground, the weather will be 5.
foggy
.• According to their shape, clouds also have three names. Cirrus clouds look like feathers while stratus clouds 6.
cover
the sky like bed sheets.||Different forms|• Small and 7.
light
droplets float in the air.• Gravity makes larger drops 8.
fall
to the earth. Falling water drops are called "rain".||Reasons for studying clouds|Why do people study clouds according to the passage?
9.
Because studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather, and clouds are important in many aspects like providing rain and snow, and regulating the ground temperature day and night.(言之有理即可)
|答案：1. importance
2. rises
3. Types/Names
4. places/heights
5. foggy
6. cover
7. light
8. fall
9. Because studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather, and clouds are important in many aspects like providing rain and snow, and regulating the ground temperature day and night.(言之有理即可)
2. rises
3. Types/Names
4. places/heights
5. foggy
6. cover
7. light
8. fall
9. Because studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather, and clouds are important in many aspects like providing rain and snow, and regulating the ground temperature day and night.(言之有理即可)
解析：
【分析】
这是一道跨地理学科的说明文任务型阅读，解题时首先梳理文章整体结构，对应表格的五大板块快速匹配对应段落，先明确1-8空每空仅填1词的要求，逐空回到原文找到对应原句，结合固定搭配、词性转换、同义替换推导答案，第9题整合最后一段的相关信息，满足字数不少于20词的要求即可。具体思考路径：1空对应第一段云对天气的重要性，用固定搭配be of great + 名词替换原句的形容词important；2空对应第二段水蒸气往高空运动的表述，替换同义动词；3空对应板块内容是云的分类/命名方式，提炼板块标题；4空对应按云的空间分布命名的规则；5空对应低云触地就是雾的知识点，转换为形容词作表语；6空把原文被动语态转换为主动语态的动词；7空对应小水滴能漂浮的属性；8空对应重力让水滴下落的表述；最后第9题整合文末云的作用和研究意义的内容作答即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段"Clouds are an important part in Earth's weather"，固定搭配be of great importance=be very important，故填importance。
2. 定位原文第二段"As the water vapor goes higher in the sky"，go higher即上升，主语water vapor为不可数名词，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数，故填rises。
3. 本板块内容介绍云的两种命名方式、不同类别，Types（种类）或Names（命名）均符合板块主题。
4. 定位原文第三段"One way is by where they're found in the sky"，即按照云在天空所处的位置/高度命名，故填places或heights。
5. 定位原文第三段"low clouds can even touch the ground. These clouds are called fog"，低云触地时天气是有雾的，用形容词foggy作表语，故填foggy。
6. 定位原文第四段"The sky is covered by them"，转换为主动语态即云覆盖天空，主语为复数，谓语用原形cover，故填cover。
7. 定位原文第五段"The droplets are so light that they float in the air"，小水滴重量轻才能漂浮，故填light。
8. 定位原文第五段"gravity(重力) causes them to fall to the earth"，符合make sth do的搭配，故填fall。
9. 整合原文最后一段信息，把云的作用（提供雨雪、调节昼夜温度）、研究意义（帮助人类更好理解地球天气）整合起来，保证字数≥20即可。
【答案】
1. importance
2. rises
3. Types/Names
4. places/heights
5. foggy
6. cover
7. light
8. fall
9. Because studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather, and clouds are important in many aspects like providing rain and snow, and regulating the ground temperature day and night.
【知识点】
任务型阅读信息定位
词性转换
说明文信息整合
【点评】
本题结合地理科普知识考察英语任务型阅读能力，既考察学生快速从原文精准定位细节的能力，也涉及固定搭配、语态转换、词性变换的知识点运用，最后一题的开放作答要求学生整合全文相关信息，对信息归纳能力有一定引导作用。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一道跨地理学科的说明文任务型阅读，解题时首先梳理文章整体结构，对应表格的五大板块快速匹配对应段落，先明确1-8空每空仅填1词的要求，逐空回到原文找到对应原句，结合固定搭配、词性转换、同义替换推导答案，第9题整合最后一段的相关信息，满足字数不少于20词的要求即可。具体思考路径：1空对应第一段云对天气的重要性，用固定搭配be of great + 名词替换原句的形容词important；2空对应第二段水蒸气往高空运动的表述，替换同义动词；3空对应板块内容是云的分类/命名方式，提炼板块标题；4空对应按云的空间分布命名的规则；5空对应低云触地就是雾的知识点，转换为形容词作表语；6空把原文被动语态转换为主动语态的动词；7空对应小水滴能漂浮的属性；8空对应重力让水滴下落的表述；最后第9题整合文末云的作用和研究意义的内容作答即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段"Clouds are an important part in Earth's weather"，固定搭配be of great importance=be very important，故填importance。
2. 定位原文第二段"As the water vapor goes higher in the sky"，go higher即上升，主语water vapor为不可数名词，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数，故填rises。
3. 本板块内容介绍云的两种命名方式、不同类别，Types（种类）或Names（命名）均符合板块主题。
4. 定位原文第三段"One way is by where they're found in the sky"，即按照云在天空所处的位置/高度命名，故填places或heights。
5. 定位原文第三段"low clouds can even touch the ground. These clouds are called fog"，低云触地时天气是有雾的，用形容词foggy作表语，故填foggy。
6. 定位原文第四段"The sky is covered by them"，转换为主动语态即云覆盖天空，主语为复数，谓语用原形cover，故填cover。
7. 定位原文第五段"The droplets are so light that they float in the air"，小水滴重量轻才能漂浮，故填light。
8. 定位原文第五段"gravity(重力) causes them to fall to the earth"，符合make sth do的搭配，故填fall。
9. 整合原文最后一段信息，把云的作用（提供雨雪、调节昼夜温度）、研究意义（帮助人类更好理解地球天气）整合起来，保证字数≥20即可。
【答案】
1. importance
2. rises
3. Types/Names
4. places/heights
5. foggy
6. cover
7. light
8. fall
9. Because studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather, and clouds are important in many aspects like providing rain and snow, and regulating the ground temperature day and night.
【知识点】
任务型阅读信息定位
词性转换
说明文信息整合
【点评】
本题结合地理科普知识考察英语任务型阅读能力，既考察学生快速从原文精准定位细节的能力，也涉及固定搭配、语态转换、词性变换的知识点运用，最后一题的开放作答要求学生整合全文相关信息，对信息归纳能力有一定引导作用。
【难度系数】
0.6