第二节 核心素养 思维品质 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。(每小题1分,共5分)
As a saying goes, "You are what you eat." This is really true for the giant panda. What pandas eat has a big influence on many different parts of their lives.
11.
The black-and-white fur of pandas may help them to hide. Once again, we can look at a panda's food to help understand the reason. In winter, they can't change their fur quickly enough to match their background like other animals can. 14.
In the past, pandas lived in and travelled across large places and faced lots of predators(捕食性动物). So, their black-and-white fur was very important for them to stay safe.
15.
A. However, things are a little different today.
B. One-year-old pandas can weigh about 45 kg.
C. Pandas are still one of the endangered animals in the world.
D. They are just 140 g, about 1/1,000 the size of their mother.
E. For one, pandas have to spend more than half a day eating.
F. So being black and white helps them hide in both the snow and the dark.
As a saying goes, "You are what you eat." This is really true for the giant panda. What pandas eat has a big influence on many different parts of their lives.
11.
E
This is because pandas mostly eat bamboo, which is very poor in nutrition(营养) and difficult to take in. Since 99% of a panda's food is bamboo, pandas also have really small babies because of their food. Baby pandas are born helpless and tiny. 12. D
No other mammal's babies are born so much smaller than their mother or father. But baby pandas also grow quickly. 13. B
The black-and-white fur of pandas may help them to hide. Once again, we can look at a panda's food to help understand the reason. In winter, they can't change their fur quickly enough to match their background like other animals can. 14.
F
In the past, pandas lived in and travelled across large places and faced lots of predators(捕食性动物). So, their black-and-white fur was very important for them to stay safe.
15.
A
The main danger to pandas is not from predators, but rather from less bamboo, more human activities and climate change. The good news is that pandas are no longer known as endangered.A. However, things are a little different today.
B. One-year-old pandas can weigh about 45 kg.
C. Pandas are still one of the endangered animals in the world.
D. They are just 140 g, about 1/1,000 the size of their mother.
E. For one, pandas have to spend more than half a day eating.
F. So being black and white helps them hide in both the snow and the dark.
答案：11. E 根据“This is because pandas mostly eat bamboo, which is very poor in nutrition and difficult to take in.”可知，大熊猫主要吃竹子，竹子营养低并且难以吸收，选项 E“首先，熊猫不得不花半天以上的时间来吃东西。”符合语境。
12. D 根据“Since 99% of a panda's food is bamboo, pandas also have really small babies because of their food. Baby pandas are born helpless and tiny.”可知，这里在说熊猫宝宝出生时很弱小，选项 D“它们只有 140 克，大约是它们妈妈体型的千分之一。”符合语境。
13. B 根据“Baby pandas are born helpless and tiny.”以及“No other mammal's babies are born so much smaller than their mother or father. But baby pandas also grow quickly.”可知，前面说熊猫宝宝出生时的情况，后面说它们成长快，选项 B“一岁的熊猫大约可以重 45 千克。”符合语境。
14. F 根据“In winter, they can't change their fur quickly enough to match their background like other animals can.”可知，这里在说熊猫的皮毛在冬天不能像其他动物那样快速改变来匹配背景，选项 F“所以黑白相间的颜色帮助它们在雪地和黑暗中都能隐藏。”符合语境。
15. A 根据倒数第二段以及“The main danger to pandas is not from predators, but rather from less bamboo, more human activities and climate change. The good news is that pandas are no longer known as endangered.”可知，前面说的是过去熊猫面临的情况，现在情况不同了，选项 A“然而，如今的情况有点不同。”符合语境。
12. D 根据“Since 99% of a panda's food is bamboo, pandas also have really small babies because of their food. Baby pandas are born helpless and tiny.”可知，这里在说熊猫宝宝出生时很弱小，选项 D“它们只有 140 克，大约是它们妈妈体型的千分之一。”符合语境。
13. B 根据“Baby pandas are born helpless and tiny.”以及“No other mammal's babies are born so much smaller than their mother or father. But baby pandas also grow quickly.”可知，前面说熊猫宝宝出生时的情况，后面说它们成长快，选项 B“一岁的熊猫大约可以重 45 千克。”符合语境。
14. F 根据“In winter, they can't change their fur quickly enough to match their background like other animals can.”可知，这里在说熊猫的皮毛在冬天不能像其他动物那样快速改变来匹配背景，选项 F“所以黑白相间的颜色帮助它们在雪地和黑暗中都能隐藏。”符合语境。
15. A 根据倒数第二段以及“The main danger to pandas is not from predators, but rather from less bamboo, more human activities and climate change. The good news is that pandas are no longer known as endangered.”可知，前面说的是过去熊猫面临的情况，现在情况不同了，选项 A“然而，如今的情况有点不同。”符合语境。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文七选五题型，核心讲解大熊猫的饮食特性对其生活多方面的影响。解题时首先通读全文，明确文章整体行文逻辑：先总述饮食影响熊猫生活，再依次介绍饮食带来的进食时长、熊猫宝宝体型特点、黑白皮毛的伪装作用，最后对比过去和现在熊猫的生存威胁。之后逐空定位前后文的线索：1. 关注空后给出的原因，反推前文的现象；2. 关注前后文的指代、递进、因果、转折逻辑词，匹配对应选项，同时排除和后文内容矛盾的多余选项即可顺利得出答案。
【解析】
11. 空后句是对空格处内容的原因解释，说明竹子营养低、难吸收的特点，E选项“首先，熊猫不得不花超过半天的时间进食”刚好是该特点带来的直接结果，逻辑通顺，衔接后文的原因说明，故选E。
12. 空前句点明熊猫宝宝出生时体型极小，空格处是对“体型极小”的具体补充说明，D选项“它们只有140克，大约是熊猫妈妈体重的千分之一”用具体数据佐证熊猫宝宝的小体型，和前后文内容完全呼应，故选D。
13. 空前句提到熊猫宝宝的生长速度很快，空格处需要给出体现“生长快”的具体实例，B选项“一岁大的熊猫体重可以达到约45千克”和前文刚出生仅140g的状态形成鲜明对比，完美呼应“长得快”的描述，故选B。
14. 空前句说明熊猫没法像其他动物那样快速换毛适配周边环境，空格处承接该内容解释黑白皮毛的优势，F选项“所以黑白相间的毛色能帮助它们同时在雪地和黑暗环境中隐藏自己”给出了熊猫不用换毛也能实现伪装的原因，因果逻辑成立，故选F。
15. 前文介绍过去熊猫要面对很多捕食者，空后转而介绍现在熊猫的威胁来自竹子减少、人类活动等因素，前后是今昔对比的转折关系，A选项“然而，如今的情况有些不一样了”起到承上启下的转折作用，衔接前后文内容，故选A。
【答案】
11. E 12. D 13. B 14. F 15. A
【知识点】
七选五阅读，说明文逻辑梳理，细节信息匹配
【点评】
本题选取大熊猫相关的科普话题，贴合学生的常识认知，语篇生词量低，整体行文逻辑清晰，重点考察学生对说明文常见逻辑关系的把控能力，通过因果、递进、转折等常规线索就能快速匹配答案，多余选项和文末“熊猫不再是濒危物种”的表述直接矛盾，干扰性较弱，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇科普类说明文七选五题型，核心讲解大熊猫的饮食特性对其生活多方面的影响。解题时首先通读全文，明确文章整体行文逻辑：先总述饮食影响熊猫生活，再依次介绍饮食带来的进食时长、熊猫宝宝体型特点、黑白皮毛的伪装作用，最后对比过去和现在熊猫的生存威胁。之后逐空定位前后文的线索：1. 关注空后给出的原因，反推前文的现象；2. 关注前后文的指代、递进、因果、转折逻辑词，匹配对应选项，同时排除和后文内容矛盾的多余选项即可顺利得出答案。
【解析】
11. 空后句是对空格处内容的原因解释，说明竹子营养低、难吸收的特点，E选项“首先，熊猫不得不花超过半天的时间进食”刚好是该特点带来的直接结果，逻辑通顺，衔接后文的原因说明，故选E。
12. 空前句点明熊猫宝宝出生时体型极小，空格处是对“体型极小”的具体补充说明，D选项“它们只有140克，大约是熊猫妈妈体重的千分之一”用具体数据佐证熊猫宝宝的小体型，和前后文内容完全呼应，故选D。
13. 空前句提到熊猫宝宝的生长速度很快，空格处需要给出体现“生长快”的具体实例，B选项“一岁大的熊猫体重可以达到约45千克”和前文刚出生仅140g的状态形成鲜明对比，完美呼应“长得快”的描述，故选B。
14. 空前句说明熊猫没法像其他动物那样快速换毛适配周边环境，空格处承接该内容解释黑白皮毛的优势，F选项“所以黑白相间的毛色能帮助它们同时在雪地和黑暗环境中隐藏自己”给出了熊猫不用换毛也能实现伪装的原因，因果逻辑成立，故选F。
15. 前文介绍过去熊猫要面对很多捕食者，空后转而介绍现在熊猫的威胁来自竹子减少、人类活动等因素，前后是今昔对比的转折关系，A选项“然而，如今的情况有些不一样了”起到承上启下的转折作用，衔接前后文内容，故选A。
【答案】
11. E 12. D 13. B 14. F 15. A
【知识点】
七选五阅读，说明文逻辑梳理，细节信息匹配
【点评】
本题选取大熊猫相关的科普话题，贴合学生的常识认知，语篇生词量低，整体行文逻辑清晰，重点考察学生对说明文常见逻辑关系的把控能力，通过因果、递进、转折等常规线索就能快速匹配答案，多余选项和文末“熊猫不再是濒危物种”的表述直接矛盾，干扰性较弱，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7