B
新素养 社会责任 "Twelve years ago, I was a professional(职业的) dancer and black belt in taekwondo(跆拳道) when a disease went undiagnosed and destroyed my muscular system. I finally ended up on life support in intensive care with organ(器官) failure," Kaufman recalled. "I went from living this big life to not knowing how I was going to survive. Luckily, on my birthday in 2009, I received a new heart and was given a second chance at life!"
After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit—Ava's Heart. She and her organization offered transplant patients services that were often not covered by insurance(保险), including food, gas, co-pays on medicines, and housing.
"What I found out was that if you didn't have post-transplant housing, you couldn't get listed and admitted into the hospital," Kaufman said. She said that for the nearly 110,000 people in the US waiting for a life-saving organ transplant, it was not just a matter of adding your name to the list. Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What's more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital. Kaufman runs two housing locations, which allows the patients to remain close to their transplant hospital during the period of their aftercare, usually about three months at no cost.
Her organization also helps donor(捐献者) families, which she thinks makes the whole circle complete. "The donor is the whole story. Without the donor, there are no transplant centres, no transplant surgeons, no me. In my eyes, the donors are the heroes," Kaufman said.
So far, Ava's Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who help build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.
(
A. To suggest the importance of life.
B. To remember her dull and boring days.
C. To show the reason for paying back.
D. To confirm her love for the profession.
(
A. health insurance
B. nearby housing
C. financial security
D. affordable transportation
(
A. Brave and caring.
B. Grateful and warm-hearted.
C. Practical and hard-working.
D. Loyal and easy-going.
新素养 社会责任 "Twelve years ago, I was a professional(职业的) dancer and black belt in taekwondo(跆拳道) when a disease went undiagnosed and destroyed my muscular system. I finally ended up on life support in intensive care with organ(器官) failure," Kaufman recalled. "I went from living this big life to not knowing how I was going to survive. Luckily, on my birthday in 2009, I received a new heart and was given a second chance at life!"
After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit—Ava's Heart. She and her organization offered transplant patients services that were often not covered by insurance(保险), including food, gas, co-pays on medicines, and housing.
"What I found out was that if you didn't have post-transplant housing, you couldn't get listed and admitted into the hospital," Kaufman said. She said that for the nearly 110,000 people in the US waiting for a life-saving organ transplant, it was not just a matter of adding your name to the list. Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What's more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital. Kaufman runs two housing locations, which allows the patients to remain close to their transplant hospital during the period of their aftercare, usually about three months at no cost.
Her organization also helps donor(捐献者) families, which she thinks makes the whole circle complete. "The donor is the whole story. Without the donor, there are no transplant centres, no transplant surgeons, no me. In my eyes, the donors are the heroes," Kaufman said.
So far, Ava's Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who help build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.
(
C
)4. 新考法 写作意图 Why did Kaufman talk about her memory in Paragraph 1?A. To suggest the importance of life.
B. To remember her dull and boring days.
C. To show the reason for paying back.
D. To confirm her love for the profession.
(
A
)5. For a transplant patient, admission into the hospital requires the following EXCEPT .A. health insurance
B. nearby housing
C. financial security
D. affordable transportation
(
B
)6. Which of the following best describes Kaufman?A. Brave and caring.
B. Grateful and warm-hearted.
C. Practical and hard-working.
D. Loyal and easy-going.
答案：4. C 【解析】根据第一段内容可知，本段是讲述Kaufman 获得移植器官后重获新生，再根据接下来几段的内容可知，因为这次器官移植的经历，Kaufman 创办了非营利性机构来帮助他人。由此可推知，第一段是表明 Kaufman 做出帮助他人这一回报行为的原因。
5. A 【解析】根据第三段中“Patients must be financially secure... find accommodations near their transplant hospital.”可知，想要进医院治疗，病人必须在医院附近有住房、有经济保障且能负担得起交通费用。A 项在文中并没有被提及。
6. B 【解析】通读全文尤其是第一、二段可知，Kaufman 曾受到他人帮助，接受了器官移植手术，后来她又成立了非营利性组织去帮助其他需要帮助的病人，由此可知，她是热心且懂得感恩的。
5. A 【解析】根据第三段中“Patients must be financially secure... find accommodations near their transplant hospital.”可知，想要进医院治疗，病人必须在医院附近有住房、有经济保障且能负担得起交通费用。A 项在文中并没有被提及。
6. B 【解析】通读全文尤其是第一、二段可知，Kaufman 曾受到他人帮助，接受了器官移植手术，后来她又成立了非营利性组织去帮助其他需要帮助的病人，由此可知，她是热心且懂得感恩的。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文类阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 第4题是写作意图题，先梳理第一段核心内容：Kaufman原本遭遇重病濒临死亡，后来幸运获得他人捐赠的心脏重获新生，再结合后文她创办非营利机构帮助其他移植患者的行为，就能推导她讲述这段过往的目的是铺垫自己后续投身公益、回报他人的动因，逐一排除不符合的选项即可。
2. 第5题是细节排除题，直接定位到题干对应的第三段内容，逐一核对原文提到的入院要求，把原文明确提及的条件筛选出来，剩下的未提及的选项就是正确答案。
3. 第6题是人物形象推断题，结合全文事件：她获得心脏移植后始终感念这份馈赠，后续主动创办公益组织帮助移植患者和捐赠者家属，从这些行为就能提炼出她的性格特质，匹配对应选项。
【解析】
4. 推理判断：第一段讲述了Kaufman原本遭遇重病濒临死亡，在2009年幸运获得他人捐赠的心脏重获新生，后续她主动创办非营利公益机构帮助其他器官移植相关的群体，可知她讲述这段个人经历，是为了说明自己后续选择投身公益、回报社会的原因。A选项“暗示生命的重要性”并非本段写作目的，B选项“回忆枯燥的日子”和原文内容相悖，D选项“确认自己对职业的热爱”属于无中生有，均排除，选C。
5. 细节理解：根据第三段原文“Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What's more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital.”可知，入院接受移植的要求包括经济有保障、能负担交通费用、在移植医院附近有住所，并未提及要求患者必须有健康保险，排除B、C、D，选A。
6. 人物形象推断：Kaufman作为器官移植的受益者，始终感念捐赠者的付出，后续主动创办非营利组织免费为移植患者提供配套帮扶，还为捐赠者家属提供丧葬费相关帮助，足以体现她懂得感恩、热心善良的特质，选B。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B
【知识点】阅读理解写作意图判断；阅读理解细节筛选；人物形象推断
【点评】本题选取传递社会责任素养的公益人物故事作为阅读素材，考点覆盖细节理解、逻辑推理类常考阅读题型，既考查学生定位原文信息、结合上下文推导逻辑的阅读能力，也引导学生理解奉献与感恩的正向价值观，解题时要注意不能仅凭局部内容下判断，需结合全文主旨匹配选项。
【难度系数】0.7
这是一篇记叙文类阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 第4题是写作意图题，先梳理第一段核心内容：Kaufman原本遭遇重病濒临死亡，后来幸运获得他人捐赠的心脏重获新生，再结合后文她创办非营利机构帮助其他移植患者的行为，就能推导她讲述这段过往的目的是铺垫自己后续投身公益、回报他人的动因，逐一排除不符合的选项即可。
2. 第5题是细节排除题，直接定位到题干对应的第三段内容，逐一核对原文提到的入院要求，把原文明确提及的条件筛选出来，剩下的未提及的选项就是正确答案。
3. 第6题是人物形象推断题，结合全文事件：她获得心脏移植后始终感念这份馈赠，后续主动创办公益组织帮助移植患者和捐赠者家属，从这些行为就能提炼出她的性格特质，匹配对应选项。
【解析】
4. 推理判断：第一段讲述了Kaufman原本遭遇重病濒临死亡，在2009年幸运获得他人捐赠的心脏重获新生，后续她主动创办非营利公益机构帮助其他器官移植相关的群体，可知她讲述这段个人经历，是为了说明自己后续选择投身公益、回报社会的原因。A选项“暗示生命的重要性”并非本段写作目的，B选项“回忆枯燥的日子”和原文内容相悖，D选项“确认自己对职业的热爱”属于无中生有，均排除，选C。
5. 细节理解：根据第三段原文“Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What's more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital.”可知，入院接受移植的要求包括经济有保障、能负担交通费用、在移植医院附近有住所，并未提及要求患者必须有健康保险，排除B、C、D，选A。
6. 人物形象推断：Kaufman作为器官移植的受益者，始终感念捐赠者的付出，后续主动创办非营利组织免费为移植患者提供配套帮扶，还为捐赠者家属提供丧葬费相关帮助，足以体现她懂得感恩、热心善良的特质，选B。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B
【知识点】阅读理解写作意图判断；阅读理解细节筛选；人物形象推断
【点评】本题选取传递社会责任素养的公益人物故事作为阅读素材，考点覆盖细节理解、逻辑推理类常考阅读题型，既考查学生定位原文信息、结合上下文推导逻辑的阅读能力，也引导学生理解奉献与感恩的正向价值观，解题时要注意不能仅凭局部内容下判断，需结合全文主旨匹配选项。
【难度系数】0.7