D(2025·南通)
① Do you sometimes feel too afraid to try new things? If you want to grow and get better, you need to take risks and challenge yourself. But your brain often tells you to stay safe. It might say, "Don't bother trying something new." Even when these thoughts aren't reasonable, our anxiety can still win. Instead of thinking about the good things that could happen, we worry more about "What if something goes wrong?"
② Avoiding all risks might seem smart, but it can make you feel unhappy. The problem is that we often make decisions based on feelings, not facts. We think, "The more scared I feel, the riskier it is." But feelings aren't always reasonable. If we knew how to think about risks clearly, we'd know which risks are worth taking. For example, trying a new hobby like painting might feel scary at first, but it could bring you joy and new skills.
③ Whether you're afraid to change your job or too nervous to ask a friend for coffee, learning to take "good risks" can improve your life. Here are good ways to help.
④ Balance feelings with facts. Many times, we think fear means something risky. But that's not true. For example, driving a car feels safe because we do it every day, but giving a speech in public might make your heart beat fast. Yet the fact shows that car accidents are much more common than getting hurt while speaking! So before you avoid doing something scary, take three deep breaths and ask yourself, "What's the real risk here?"
⑤ Take steps to succeed. You can do many small things to lower risks. If you're nervous about a test, make a study plan and review each day—this helps you feel more prepared. It's okay to feel butterflies in your stomach when you try something new. Facing fear helps build your mental muscle, just like exercising builds physical muscle. So, taking smart risks helps you become mentally stronger. Each time you try something scary, you will learn to deal with uncertainty and anxiety. You'll also get new skills and grow from mistakes. If you try out for a dance team and don't make it, you can ask for the reason and then practise more. With practice, you'll get better at facing risks, and your chances of success will rise.
(
A. Avoiding risks is a smart way to stay happy.
B. Taking risks requires us to trust our feelings.
C. Our brain often tells us to face challenges bravely.
D. Our feelings often influence us to make decisions.
(
A. Develop strength in your mind.
B. Exercise your body to stay healthy.
C. Think mainly about cheerful things.
D. Avoid situations that make you afraid.
(
(
A. Taking smart risks can push us forward.
B. Trying many small things can reduce risks.
C. Learning clearly about real risks can help a lot.
D. Practising more can help deal with risks better.
① Do you sometimes feel too afraid to try new things? If you want to grow and get better, you need to take risks and challenge yourself. But your brain often tells you to stay safe. It might say, "Don't bother trying something new." Even when these thoughts aren't reasonable, our anxiety can still win. Instead of thinking about the good things that could happen, we worry more about "What if something goes wrong?"
② Avoiding all risks might seem smart, but it can make you feel unhappy. The problem is that we often make decisions based on feelings, not facts. We think, "The more scared I feel, the riskier it is." But feelings aren't always reasonable. If we knew how to think about risks clearly, we'd know which risks are worth taking. For example, trying a new hobby like painting might feel scary at first, but it could bring you joy and new skills.
③ Whether you're afraid to change your job or too nervous to ask a friend for coffee, learning to take "good risks" can improve your life. Here are good ways to help.
④ Balance feelings with facts. Many times, we think fear means something risky. But that's not true. For example, driving a car feels safe because we do it every day, but giving a speech in public might make your heart beat fast. Yet the fact shows that car accidents are much more common than getting hurt while speaking! So before you avoid doing something scary, take three deep breaths and ask yourself, "What's the real risk here?"
⑤ Take steps to succeed. You can do many small things to lower risks. If you're nervous about a test, make a study plan and review each day—this helps you feel more prepared. It's okay to feel butterflies in your stomach when you try something new. Facing fear helps build your mental muscle, just like exercising builds physical muscle. So, taking smart risks helps you become mentally stronger. Each time you try something scary, you will learn to deal with uncertainty and anxiety. You'll also get new skills and grow from mistakes. If you try out for a dance team and don't make it, you can ask for the reason and then practise more. With practice, you'll get better at facing risks, and your chances of success will rise.
(
D
)12. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first two paragraphs?A. Avoiding risks is a smart way to stay happy.
B. Taking risks requires us to trust our feelings.
C. Our brain often tells us to face challenges bravely.
D. Our feelings often influence us to make decisions.
(
A
)13. What does the underlined phrase "build your mental muscle" mean in the last paragraph?A. Develop strength in your mind.
B. Exercise your body to stay healthy.
C. Think mainly about cheerful things.
D. Avoid situations that make you afraid.
(
C
)14. 新考法 篇章结构 What is the structure of this passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2...)(
A
)15. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Taking smart risks can push us forward.
B. Trying many small things can reduce risks.
C. Learning clearly about real risks can help a lot.
D. Practising more can help deal with risks better.
答案：12. D 【解析】根据第一段中“But your brain often tells you to stay safe. It might say,‘Don't bother trying something new.’”和第二段中“Avoiding all risks might seem smart, but it can make you feel unhappy. The problem is that we often make decisions based on feelings, not facts.”可知，我们常常受到情绪的影响而做出决定，而不是基于事实。
13. A 【解析】根据第五段中“Facing fear helps build your mental muscle, just like exercising builds physical muscle.”可知，画线部分“build your mental muscle”指的是面对恐惧有助于锻炼你的“精神肌肉”，就像锻炼身体肌肉一样。因此明智地冒险可以帮助你在精神上变得更强大，此处的画线部分指“增强心理力量”。
14. C 【解析】通读全文可知，第一段直接点明主题：成长需要冒险，但大脑天性倾向于“求稳”；第二段进一步剖析问题的本质——回避风险看似聪明，实则会让人长期处于不快乐的状态；第三段承上启下，将讨论从问题转向解决方法；第四段和第五段针对“如何承担‘好的’风险”这一问题分两点给出可操作的建议，因此本文结构是①/②/③/④⑤。
15. A 【解析】根据第五段中“With practice, you'll get better at facing risks, and your chances of success will rise.”可知，通过练习，你会更好地面对风险，你成功的机会也会增加；再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了如何通过理性评估风险、采取小步骤行动来克服恐惧并实现个人成长。因此本文的主旨是勇于承担明智的风险可以推动个人成长与进步。
13. A 【解析】根据第五段中“Facing fear helps build your mental muscle, just like exercising builds physical muscle.”可知，画线部分“build your mental muscle”指的是面对恐惧有助于锻炼你的“精神肌肉”，就像锻炼身体肌肉一样。因此明智地冒险可以帮助你在精神上变得更强大，此处的画线部分指“增强心理力量”。
14. C 【解析】通读全文可知，第一段直接点明主题：成长需要冒险，但大脑天性倾向于“求稳”；第二段进一步剖析问题的本质——回避风险看似聪明，实则会让人长期处于不快乐的状态；第三段承上启下，将讨论从问题转向解决方法；第四段和第五段针对“如何承担‘好的’风险”这一问题分两点给出可操作的建议，因此本文结构是①/②/③/④⑤。
15. A 【解析】根据第五段中“With practice, you'll get better at facing risks, and your chances of success will rise.”可知，通过练习，你会更好地面对风险，你成功的机会也会增加；再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了如何通过理性评估风险、采取小步骤行动来克服恐惧并实现个人成长。因此本文的主旨是勇于承担明智的风险可以推动个人成长与进步。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类阅读理解，解题时我们可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 第12题是细节理解题，首先锁定题干要求的前两段内容，将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对排除：先核对A选项，原文明确说规避所有风险看似聪明却会让人不开心，直接排除；B选项，原文指出感受并不总是合理的，冒险不能盲目信任感受，排除；C选项，第一段说明大脑常提示我们保持安全、不要尝试新事物，并非鼓励我们直面挑战，排除，最后验证D选项，原文提到我们常基于感受而非事实做决定，说明感受确实会影响决策，符合要求。
2. 第13题是词义猜测题，定位划线短语所在句，后文给出类比说明：就像锻炼能塑造身体肌肉一样，直面恐惧对应的作用就是锻炼、强化自身的心理力量，直接匹配对应选项。
3. 第14题是篇章结构题，逐段梳理功能：第1、2段属于提出问题部分，先说明人本能回避风险的特点，再点明回避风险的弊端；第3段是过渡段，承上启下引出下文的解决方法；第4、5段是两个并列的具体建议，整体逻辑链是①→②→③，之后③分出两个并列分支④和⑤，对应选项C的结构。
4. 第15题是主旨大意题，排除只覆盖局部内容的干扰项：B是第5段的局部细节，C是第4段的局部细节，D也是第5段的局部内容，全文核心是说明合理的冒险能帮助人成长进步，对应正确选项。
【解析】
12. 根据原文第二段“Avoiding all risks might seem smart, but it can make you feel unhappy. The problem is that we often make decisions based on feelings, not facts.”逐一验证选项：
A选项表述和原文“规避风险会让人不开心”矛盾，错误；
B选项表述和原文“感受并不总是合理，我们需要理性判断值得冒的险”矛盾，错误；
C选项表述和第一段“your brain often tells you to stay safe. It might say, 'Don't bother trying something new'”矛盾，错误；
D选项“我们的感受常常影响我们做决定”符合原文表述，正确。
13. 根据划线短语后文“just like exercising builds physical muscle”的类比，锻炼能塑造身体肌肉，对应直面恐惧的作用就是强化自身的心理力量，因此“build your mental muscle”含义是“培养你的心理力量”，对应A选项。
14. 梳理全文段落逻辑：①②段引出话题，说明人们本能回避风险的特点和危害；③段作为过渡句，引出下文帮助人们承担“好风险”的方法；④段和⑤段是两个并列的具体可行建议，整体结构为①-②-③，③后分出两个并列部分④、⑤，对应选项C的图示。
15. 全文围绕“明智地冒险”展开，介绍了理性评估风险、分步行动降低风险的方法，说明合理的冒险能帮助人克服恐惧、获得成长、提升成功概率，核心主旨是明智的冒险可以推动我们进步，其余三个选项均为文中局部细节，不能概括全文。
【答案】
12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A
【知识点】
细节理解判断，词义猜测，语篇结构分析
【点评】
本题属于初中英语典型说明文阅读，覆盖了阅读理解四类高频考点，其中新增的篇章结构类新考法，要求学生跳出逐句读文的惯性，梳理段落之间的逻辑关联，区分提出问题、过渡衔接、分点论述的不同段落功能，既考察学生的阅读能力，也传递了理性面对风险的正向价值引导。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇说明文类阅读理解，解题时我们可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 第12题是细节理解题，首先锁定题干要求的前两段内容，将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对排除：先核对A选项，原文明确说规避所有风险看似聪明却会让人不开心，直接排除；B选项，原文指出感受并不总是合理的，冒险不能盲目信任感受，排除；C选项，第一段说明大脑常提示我们保持安全、不要尝试新事物，并非鼓励我们直面挑战，排除，最后验证D选项，原文提到我们常基于感受而非事实做决定，说明感受确实会影响决策，符合要求。
2. 第13题是词义猜测题，定位划线短语所在句，后文给出类比说明：就像锻炼能塑造身体肌肉一样，直面恐惧对应的作用就是锻炼、强化自身的心理力量，直接匹配对应选项。
3. 第14题是篇章结构题，逐段梳理功能：第1、2段属于提出问题部分，先说明人本能回避风险的特点，再点明回避风险的弊端；第3段是过渡段，承上启下引出下文的解决方法；第4、5段是两个并列的具体建议，整体逻辑链是①→②→③，之后③分出两个并列分支④和⑤，对应选项C的结构。
4. 第15题是主旨大意题，排除只覆盖局部内容的干扰项：B是第5段的局部细节，C是第4段的局部细节，D也是第5段的局部内容，全文核心是说明合理的冒险能帮助人成长进步，对应正确选项。
【解析】
12. 根据原文第二段“Avoiding all risks might seem smart, but it can make you feel unhappy. The problem is that we often make decisions based on feelings, not facts.”逐一验证选项：
A选项表述和原文“规避风险会让人不开心”矛盾，错误；
B选项表述和原文“感受并不总是合理，我们需要理性判断值得冒的险”矛盾，错误；
C选项表述和第一段“your brain often tells you to stay safe. It might say, 'Don't bother trying something new'”矛盾，错误；
D选项“我们的感受常常影响我们做决定”符合原文表述，正确。
13. 根据划线短语后文“just like exercising builds physical muscle”的类比，锻炼能塑造身体肌肉，对应直面恐惧的作用就是强化自身的心理力量，因此“build your mental muscle”含义是“培养你的心理力量”，对应A选项。
14. 梳理全文段落逻辑：①②段引出话题，说明人们本能回避风险的特点和危害；③段作为过渡句，引出下文帮助人们承担“好风险”的方法；④段和⑤段是两个并列的具体可行建议，整体结构为①-②-③，③后分出两个并列部分④、⑤，对应选项C的图示。
15. 全文围绕“明智地冒险”展开，介绍了理性评估风险、分步行动降低风险的方法，说明合理的冒险能帮助人克服恐惧、获得成长、提升成功概率，核心主旨是明智的冒险可以推动我们进步，其余三个选项均为文中局部细节，不能概括全文。
【答案】
12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A
【知识点】
细节理解判断，词义猜测，语篇结构分析
【点评】
本题属于初中英语典型说明文阅读，覆盖了阅读理解四类高频考点，其中新增的篇章结构类新考法，要求学生跳出逐句读文的惯性，梳理段落之间的逻辑关联，区分提出问题、过渡衔接、分点论述的不同段落功能，既考察学生的阅读能力，也传递了理性面对风险的正向价值引导。
【难度系数】
0.6