四、核心素养 社会主义先进文化 阅读理解。
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:优秀人物 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
[2025 宿迁市沭阳县期中]Yang Zhenning was one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century. Born in 1922 in China, he developed a deep love for science at a young age and later studied abroad, leaving a lasting mark on the world of physics.
His scientific achievements are extraordinary. In 1957, at 35, Yang and his partner Tsung-Dao Lee won the Nobel Prize in Physics for putting forward the idea of "parity non-conservation" (a theory in physics about how tiny particles behave). This idea solved a big problem in particle physics but was first rejected(拒绝接受) by famous scholars. They finally proved it correct with courage and persistence. His 1954 "Yang-Mills theory" is also very important—it's as important as Newton's and Einstein's works, laying the foundation(基础) for modern physics.
Yang always cared deeply about his home country. Though he lived in the US for years, he kept a photo of Tsinghua University in his office. In 1971, he was one of the first overseas scholars to visit China, helping promote the academic exchange between China and the US. Later, he returned to China to teach at Tsinghua. In 2015, he gave up US citizenship and kept working hard to develop China's basic scientific research until old age.
Yang followed a simple academic motto: Be honest and work hard in scientific study. Don't try to be clever in the wrong way. He believed hard work was the key to success. His achievements not only pushed science forward but also raised the confidence of Chinese scientists, making them believe they could do world-class research.
1. What does the underlined word "extraordinary" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Common. B. Excellent. C. Tiny. D. Outdated.
2. What did Yang Zhenning keep in his office when he lived in the US?
A. A photo of Tsinghua University. B. His Nobel Prize medal.
C. The "Yang-Mills theory" paper. D. A map of China.
3. What can we infer about Yang Zhenning from the passage?
A. He gave up scientific research after winning the Nobel Prize.
B. He thought cleverness was more important than effort.
C. He spent his whole life living and working in the US.
D. He valued honesty and hard work in scientific study.
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:优秀人物 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
[2025 宿迁市沭阳县期中]Yang Zhenning was one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century. Born in 1922 in China, he developed a deep love for science at a young age and later studied abroad, leaving a lasting mark on the world of physics.
His scientific achievements are extraordinary. In 1957, at 35, Yang and his partner Tsung-Dao Lee won the Nobel Prize in Physics for putting forward the idea of "parity non-conservation" (a theory in physics about how tiny particles behave). This idea solved a big problem in particle physics but was first rejected(拒绝接受) by famous scholars. They finally proved it correct with courage and persistence. His 1954 "Yang-Mills theory" is also very important—it's as important as Newton's and Einstein's works, laying the foundation(基础) for modern physics.
Yang always cared deeply about his home country. Though he lived in the US for years, he kept a photo of Tsinghua University in his office. In 1971, he was one of the first overseas scholars to visit China, helping promote the academic exchange between China and the US. Later, he returned to China to teach at Tsinghua. In 2015, he gave up US citizenship and kept working hard to develop China's basic scientific research until old age.
Yang followed a simple academic motto: Be honest and work hard in scientific study. Don't try to be clever in the wrong way. He believed hard work was the key to success. His achievements not only pushed science forward but also raised the confidence of Chinese scientists, making them believe they could do world-class research.
1. What does the underlined word "extraordinary" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Common. B. Excellent. C. Tiny. D. Outdated.
2. What did Yang Zhenning keep in his office when he lived in the US?
A. A photo of Tsinghua University. B. His Nobel Prize medal.
C. The "Yang-Mills theory" paper. D. A map of China.
3. What can we infer about Yang Zhenning from the passage?
A. He gave up scientific research after winning the Nobel Prize.
B. He thought cleverness was more important than effort.
C. He spent his whole life living and working in the US.
D. He valued honesty and hard work in scientific study.
答案：1. B 2. A
3. D 推理判断题。根据“Yang followed a simple academic motto: Be honest and work hard in scientific study. Don't try to be clever in the wrong way. He believed hard work was the key to success.”可知，杨振宁的治学格言强调科研要诚实努力，由此可推断他重视科研中的诚实与勤奋。
3. D 推理判断题。根据“Yang followed a simple academic motto: Be honest and work hard in scientific study. Don't try to be clever in the wrong way. He believed hard work was the key to success.”可知，杨振宁的治学格言强调科研要诚实努力，由此可推断他重视科研中的诚实与勤奋。
解析：
【分析】
本题为记叙文阅读理解，包含词义猜测、细节理解、推理判断三类题型。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推断划线词含义，原文列举杨振宁的重大科学成就，说明其成就非凡；
2. 第2题是细节理解题，需定位原文中关于杨振宁在美国时办公室物品的具体描述，直接查找对应信息；
3. 第3题是推理判断题，需从原文最后一段杨振宁的治学格言中提炼关键信息，排除错误选项得出结论。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第二段内容，杨振宁获得诺贝尔奖、提出杨-米尔斯理论等成就，说明其科学成就“extraordinary”意为“非凡的、杰出的”，对应选项B（Excellent）。A选项“Common（普通的）”、C选项“Tiny（微小的）”、D选项“Outdated（过时的）”均不符合语境，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“Though he lived in the US for years, he kept a photo of Tsinghua University in his office.”可知，他在美国时办公室里放着一张清华大学的照片，对应选项A，故选A。
3. 推理判断题：根据最后一段杨振宁的治学格言“Be honest and work hard in scientific study. Don't try to be clever in the wrong way. He believed hard work was the key to success.”可推断，他重视科研中的诚实与勤奋，对应选项D。A选项“获奖后放弃科研”与原文不符；B选项“认为聪明比努力重要”与原文相悖；C选项“一生都在美国生活工作”与原文“后来回国任教”不符，故选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. D
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本题围绕科学家杨振宁的事迹展开，考察学生对记叙文的阅读理解能力，涵盖词义猜测、细节查找和逻辑推理三类核心题型，符合期中测试的考察要求，有助于学生了解优秀人物事迹并提升阅读解题能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为记叙文阅读理解，包含词义猜测、细节理解、推理判断三类题型。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推断划线词含义，原文列举杨振宁的重大科学成就，说明其成就非凡；
2. 第2题是细节理解题，需定位原文中关于杨振宁在美国时办公室物品的具体描述，直接查找对应信息；
3. 第3题是推理判断题，需从原文最后一段杨振宁的治学格言中提炼关键信息，排除错误选项得出结论。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第二段内容，杨振宁获得诺贝尔奖、提出杨-米尔斯理论等成就，说明其科学成就“extraordinary”意为“非凡的、杰出的”，对应选项B（Excellent）。A选项“Common（普通的）”、C选项“Tiny（微小的）”、D选项“Outdated（过时的）”均不符合语境，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“Though he lived in the US for years, he kept a photo of Tsinghua University in his office.”可知，他在美国时办公室里放着一张清华大学的照片，对应选项A，故选A。
3. 推理判断题：根据最后一段杨振宁的治学格言“Be honest and work hard in scientific study. Don't try to be clever in the wrong way. He believed hard work was the key to success.”可推断，他重视科研中的诚实与勤奋，对应选项D。A选项“获奖后放弃科研”与原文不符；B选项“认为聪明比努力重要”与原文相悖；C选项“一生都在美国生活工作”与原文“后来回国任教”不符，故选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. D
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本题围绕科学家杨振宁的事迹展开，考察学生对记叙文的阅读理解能力，涵盖词义猜测、细节查找和逻辑推理三类核心题型，符合期中测试的考察要求，有助于学生了解优秀人物事迹并提升阅读解题能力。
【难度系数】
0.7