四、句子翻译。
1. 或许真正的友谊，不只是闲聊和结伴玩耍。
2. 由于昨天的大雨，许多户外活动被取消(cancel)了。
3. 当同学遇到困难时，我们应该准备好伸出援手。
4. 我们应该认真思考，为班级活动想出新主意。
5. 我已经下定决心努力学习，将来成为一个有用的人。
1. 或许真正的友谊，不只是闲聊和结伴玩耍。
Maybe a true friendship is more than just talking and playing together.
2. 由于昨天的大雨，许多户外活动被取消(cancel)了。
Many outdoor activities were cancelled due to yesterday's heavy rain.
3. 当同学遇到困难时，我们应该准备好伸出援手。
We should be ready to lend a hand when our classmates are in trouble.
4. 我们应该认真思考，为班级活动想出新主意。
We should think hard and come up with new ideas for class activities.
5. 我已经下定决心努力学习，将来成为一个有用的人。
I have made up my mind to study hard and be a useful person in the future.
答案：1. Maybe a true friendship is more than just talking and playing together.
2. Many outdoor activities were cancelled due to yesterday's heavy rain.
3. We should be ready to lend a hand when our classmates are in trouble.
4. We should think hard and come up with new ideas for class activities.
5. I have made up my mind to study hard and be a useful person in the future.
2. Many outdoor activities were cancelled due to yesterday's heavy rain.
3. We should be ready to lend a hand when our classmates are in trouble.
4. We should think hard and come up with new ideas for class activities.
5. I have made up my mind to study hard and be a useful person in the future.
解析：
【分析】做汉译英题时，需先梳理原句核心语义，匹配对应的英语词汇、固定搭配及句式，同时注意时态、语态等语法细节。例如第1句抓“或许、真正的友谊、不只是、闲聊和结伴玩耍”的对应表达；第2句注意被动语态的使用；第3句掌握“准备好做、伸出援手”等固定搭配；第4句牢记“认真思考、想出”的短语；第5句关注现在完成时的运用。
【解析】1. 原句核心：或许真正的友谊不只是闲聊和结伴玩耍，对应英语表达为Maybe a true friendship is more than just talking and playing together；2. 原句核心：由于昨天的大雨，许多户外活动被取消，被动语态用were cancelled，对应Many outdoor activities were cancelled due to yesterday's heavy rain；3. 原句核心：同学遇困难时应准备好伸出援手，固定搭配be ready to lend a hand，对应We should be ready to lend a hand when our classmates are in trouble；4. 原句核心：应认真思考为班级活动想新主意，短语think hard、come up with，对应We should think hard and come up with new ideas for class activities；5. 原句核心：已下定决心努力学习将来成为有用的人，现在完成时have made up my mind，对应I have made up my mind to study hard and be a useful person in the future。
【答案】1. Maybe a true friendship is more than just talking and playing together.
2. Many outdoor activities were cancelled due to yesterday's heavy rain.
3. We should be ready to lend a hand when our classmates are in trouble.
4. We should think hard and come up with new ideas for class activities.
5. I have made up my mind to study hard and be a useful person in the future.
【知识点】汉译英、常用短语运用、时态语态
【点评】本题为基础汉译英题型，围绕日常话题展开，考察英语基础词汇、固定搭配及语法的运用，是巩固英语表达能力的常见练习，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 原句核心：或许真正的友谊不只是闲聊和结伴玩耍，对应英语表达为Maybe a true friendship is more than just talking and playing together；2. 原句核心：由于昨天的大雨，许多户外活动被取消，被动语态用were cancelled，对应Many outdoor activities were cancelled due to yesterday's heavy rain；3. 原句核心：同学遇困难时应准备好伸出援手，固定搭配be ready to lend a hand，对应We should be ready to lend a hand when our classmates are in trouble；4. 原句核心：应认真思考为班级活动想新主意，短语think hard、come up with，对应We should think hard and come up with new ideas for class activities；5. 原句核心：已下定决心努力学习将来成为有用的人，现在完成时have made up my mind，对应I have made up my mind to study hard and be a useful person in the future。
【答案】1. Maybe a true friendship is more than just talking and playing together.
2. Many outdoor activities were cancelled due to yesterday's heavy rain.
3. We should be ready to lend a hand when our classmates are in trouble.
4. We should think hard and come up with new ideas for class activities.
5. I have made up my mind to study hard and be a useful person in the future.
【知识点】汉译英、常用短语运用、时态语态
【点评】本题为基础汉译英题型，围绕日常话题展开，考察英语基础词汇、固定搭配及语法的运用，是巩固英语表达能力的常见练习，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
五、阅读理解。
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:优秀人物 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
The ancient Silk Road is one of the most important milestones(里程碑) of trade and culture in world history, and Zhang Qian should not be easily forgotten by history. He was a great diplomat (外交官), traveller and explorer in the Han Dynasty of China, remembered as the “first Chinese person to open his eyes to see the world”.
In 138 B. C., Zhang Qian was sent to the west of China for an alliance with the Yuezhi people to fight against the Xiongnu. He started his trip from Chang'an. But unluckily, Zhang was caught by the Xiongnu people shortly after he left the Han territory, and was held prisoner(俘虏) for ten years.
Zhang finally managed to run away with some of his men and continued to travel west. When Zhang at last reached the Yuezhi, he was sad to find that they didn't want to fight against the Xiongnu people. On the return journey, Zhang Qian and his men were caught again. It was not until 126 B. C. that they returned to Chang'an.
Though Zhang hadn't finished his task, he brought back first-hand information about Central Asia. The paths Zhang Qian explored later served as the highways connecting Europe, the Middle East, Mesopotamia, Central Asia, and East Asia. Commodities(商品) were transported along this network of highways, which has been known as the “Silk Road” since the 19th century. Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era(时代) of cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
1. What does the underlined word “alliance” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. A long journey to a faraway place.
B. A secret plan to run away.
C. An agreement to work together.
D. An introduction to each other.
2. What is the result of Zhang Qian's journey?
A. He reached an agreement with the Xiongnu.
B. He sold many commodities and made money.
C. He built a cultural bridge between the East and the West.
D. He made Han the most powerful country.
3. What kind of person was Zhang Qian?
A. Careful and creative.
B. Energetic and active.
C. Proud but open-minded.
D. Brave and strong-minded.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Zhang Qian and the Silk Road
B. Zhang Qian and the Yuezhi People
C. The Importance of the Silk Road
D. The History of the Han Dynasty
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:优秀人物 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
The ancient Silk Road is one of the most important milestones(里程碑) of trade and culture in world history, and Zhang Qian should not be easily forgotten by history. He was a great diplomat (外交官), traveller and explorer in the Han Dynasty of China, remembered as the “first Chinese person to open his eyes to see the world”.
In 138 B. C., Zhang Qian was sent to the west of China for an alliance with the Yuezhi people to fight against the Xiongnu. He started his trip from Chang'an. But unluckily, Zhang was caught by the Xiongnu people shortly after he left the Han territory, and was held prisoner(俘虏) for ten years.
Zhang finally managed to run away with some of his men and continued to travel west. When Zhang at last reached the Yuezhi, he was sad to find that they didn't want to fight against the Xiongnu people. On the return journey, Zhang Qian and his men were caught again. It was not until 126 B. C. that they returned to Chang'an.
Though Zhang hadn't finished his task, he brought back first-hand information about Central Asia. The paths Zhang Qian explored later served as the highways connecting Europe, the Middle East, Mesopotamia, Central Asia, and East Asia. Commodities(商品) were transported along this network of highways, which has been known as the “Silk Road” since the 19th century. Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era(时代) of cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
1. What does the underlined word “alliance” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. A long journey to a faraway place.
B. A secret plan to run away.
C. An agreement to work together.
D. An introduction to each other.
2. What is the result of Zhang Qian's journey?
A. He reached an agreement with the Xiongnu.
B. He sold many commodities and made money.
C. He built a cultural bridge between the East and the West.
D. He made Han the most powerful country.
3. What kind of person was Zhang Qian?
A. Careful and creative.
B. Energetic and active.
C. Proud but open-minded.
D. Brave and strong-minded.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Zhang Qian and the Silk Road
B. Zhang Qian and the Yuezhi People
C. The Importance of the Silk Road
D. The History of the Han Dynasty
答案：1. C 词义猜测题。根据to fight against the Xiongnu可知，张骞被派去与月氏联合来对抗匈奴。由此可推断，alliance意为“合作，协定”，与C项意思相近。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，张骞开创东西方文化交流新时代，搭建文化桥梁。
3. D 推理判断题。张骞被匈奴扣留十年仍坚持使命、两次被俘不放弃，体现了他不畏艰难、意志坚定的品质。
4. A 标题概括题。文章围绕张骞出使西域及丝绸之路展开，故A项为本文的最佳标题。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，张骞开创东西方文化交流新时代，搭建文化桥梁。
3. D 推理判断题。张骞被匈奴扣留十年仍坚持使命、两次被俘不放弃，体现了他不畏艰难、意志坚定的品质。
4. A 标题概括题。文章围绕张骞出使西域及丝绸之路展开，故A项为本文的最佳标题。
解析：
【分析】
本题是围绕张骞与丝绸之路的英语阅读理解题，包含词义猜测、细节理解、推理判断、标题概括四类题型。解题思路：1. 词义猜测题需结合上下文语境推断生词含义；2. 细节理解题要定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息匹配选项；3. 推理判断题需从人物行为提炼品质；4. 标题概括题要梳理全文核心内容确定最佳标题。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第二段“to fight against the Xiongnu”（对抗匈奴）可知，张骞被派去与月氏达成合作协定，“alliance”意为“合作，协定”，对应选项C。A选项指长途旅行，B选项指逃跑计划，D选项指互相介绍，均不符合语境。
2. 细节理解题：定位第四段最后一句“Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era of cultural exchanges between the East and the West”，可知张骞搭建了东西方文化桥梁，对应选项C。A选项与匈奴达成协议错误，B选项卖商品赚钱未提及，D选项使汉朝最强大未提及。
3. 推理判断题：从文中张骞被匈奴俘虏十年仍设法逃脱继续西行、两次被俘仍不放弃使命的行为，可推断他勇敢且意志坚定，对应选项D。A选项细心有创造力、B选项精力充沛积极、C选项骄傲但思想开放均不符合文中体现的品质。
4. 标题概括题：全文围绕张骞出使西域的经历及其与丝绸之路的关联展开，A选项“Zhang Qian and the Silk Road”最能概括核心内容，B选项仅涉及月氏片面，C选项侧重丝绸之路重要性而非核心人物，D选项汉朝历史偏离主题。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本题围绕历史文化主题，考查英语阅读理解核心题型，需结合语境、原文细节、人物行为及全文主旨解题，难度适中，符合初中英语阅读考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题是围绕张骞与丝绸之路的英语阅读理解题，包含词义猜测、细节理解、推理判断、标题概括四类题型。解题思路：1. 词义猜测题需结合上下文语境推断生词含义；2. 细节理解题要定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息匹配选项；3. 推理判断题需从人物行为提炼品质；4. 标题概括题要梳理全文核心内容确定最佳标题。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第二段“to fight against the Xiongnu”（对抗匈奴）可知，张骞被派去与月氏达成合作协定，“alliance”意为“合作，协定”，对应选项C。A选项指长途旅行，B选项指逃跑计划，D选项指互相介绍，均不符合语境。
2. 细节理解题：定位第四段最后一句“Zhang Qian has been remembered as the great explorer that opened up a new era of cultural exchanges between the East and the West”，可知张骞搭建了东西方文化桥梁，对应选项C。A选项与匈奴达成协议错误，B选项卖商品赚钱未提及，D选项使汉朝最强大未提及。
3. 推理判断题：从文中张骞被匈奴俘虏十年仍设法逃脱继续西行、两次被俘仍不放弃使命的行为，可推断他勇敢且意志坚定，对应选项D。A选项细心有创造力、B选项精力充沛积极、C选项骄傲但思想开放均不符合文中体现的品质。
4. 标题概括题：全文围绕张骞出使西域的经历及其与丝绸之路的关联展开，A选项“Zhang Qian and the Silk Road”最能概括核心内容，B选项仅涉及月氏片面，C选项侧重丝绸之路重要性而非核心人物，D选项汉朝历史偏离主题。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本题围绕历史文化主题，考查英语阅读理解核心题型，需结合语境、原文细节、人物行为及全文主旨解题，难度适中，符合初中英语阅读考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6