四、阅读理解
Do you know World Wetlands Day? It falls on February 2nd every year and we welcomed the 29th World Wetlands Day this year, with the theme（主题）Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future.
Wetlands are areas covered with water most of the time. They are really important for a large number of reasons that you might not know before.
Wetlands, along with oceans and forests, are known as the three main ecosystems of the earth. There are different types of wetlands. We have got things like rivers, ponds and lakes. And wetlands support many types of wildlife. As a matter of fact, 40% of the world's plants and animals depend on wetlands.
Wetlands act like sponges, taking in water and also carbon dioxide from the air. The plants in wetlands take in climate-changing gases（气体）as they grow. Then when the plants die, they sink（沉入）into mud, catching carbon dioxide instead of letting it all return to the air. This can help to reduce the greenhouse effect.
Wetlands also play an important role in the water cycle. They can store lots of water during heavy rainfall, reducing floods in downstream areas. Then the water will flow back into rivers and streams slowly.
Unluckily, we have actually lost nearly 90% of the wetlands in the last 100 years, three times faster than forests. Do you know why? It's things like pollution, climate change and human activities. Wetlands are important to everything, and we need to take action to protect them.
（
A. By listing a fact.
B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving an example.
（
A.
（
A. Mud.
B. Air.
C. Water.
D. Carbon dioxide.
（
A. A Climate Hero
B. A Polluted Planet
C. The Natural World
D. The Guard（卫士）of the Earth
（
A. The types of wetlands.
B. The role of wetlands.
C. The protection of wetlands.
D. The importance of wetlands.
Do you know World Wetlands Day? It falls on February 2nd every year and we welcomed the 29th World Wetlands Day this year, with the theme（主题）Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future.
Wetlands are areas covered with water most of the time. They are really important for a large number of reasons that you might not know before.
Wetlands, along with oceans and forests, are known as the three main ecosystems of the earth. There are different types of wetlands. We have got things like rivers, ponds and lakes. And wetlands support many types of wildlife. As a matter of fact, 40% of the world's plants and animals depend on wetlands.
Wetlands act like sponges, taking in water and also carbon dioxide from the air. The plants in wetlands take in climate-changing gases（气体）as they grow. Then when the plants die, they sink（沉入）into mud, catching carbon dioxide instead of letting it all return to the air. This can help to reduce the greenhouse effect.
Wetlands also play an important role in the water cycle. They can store lots of water during heavy rainfall, reducing floods in downstream areas. Then the water will flow back into rivers and streams slowly.
Unluckily, we have actually lost nearly 90% of the wetlands in the last 100 years, three times faster than forests. Do you know why? It's things like pollution, climate change and human activities. Wetlands are important to everything, and we need to take action to protect them.
（
B
）1. How does the writer lead in the topic?A. By listing a fact.
B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving an example.
（
A
）2. Which picture shows the function（功能）of wetlands mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.
（
D
）3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Mud.
B. Air.
C. Water.
D. Carbon dioxide.
（
D
）4. What's the best title for the text?A. A Climate Hero
B. A Polluted Planet
C. The Natural World
D. The Guard（卫士）of the Earth
（
C
）5. What might the writer go on talking about?A. The types of wetlands.
B. The role of wetlands.
C. The protection of wetlands.
D. The importance of wetlands.
答案：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C
解析：
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需结合文章内容逐一分析各小题：
1. 第1题考查写作手法，需判断作者引入话题的方式，原文开头以问句“Do you know World Wetlands Day?”开启，对应选项；
2. 第2题考查细节理解，需找到第三段中湿地的功能，第三段提到湿地支持大量野生动植物，对应相关图片；
3. 第3题考查代词指代，需结合第四段语境判断“it”指代的内容，根据上下文逻辑推导；
4. 第4题考查主旨大意，需总结全文核心内容，确定最适合的标题；
5. 第5题考查推理判断，需根据最后一段的内容推断作者接下来的论述方向。
【解析】
1. 第1题：原文开头以“Do you know World Wetlands Day?”提问引入话题，属于通过提问的方式，故选B。
2. 第2题：第三段提到“wetlands support many types of wildlife”，即湿地支持多种野生动植物，对应选项A的湿地动植物场景，故选A。
3. 第3题：第四段提到“catching carbon dioxide instead of letting it all return to the air”，可知“it”指代前文的“carbon dioxide”，故选D。
4. 第4题：全文围绕湿地的重要性展开，将湿地比作地球的卫士，最适合的标题是“The Guard（卫士）of the Earth”，故选D。
5. 第5题：最后一段提到“we need to take action to protect them”，可知作者接下来会谈论湿地的保护，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、主旨大意题、代词指代
【点评】
本题是关于湿地保护的英语阅读理解题，考查学生对文章写作手法、细节内容、代词指代及主旨大意的理解，题目设置贴合初中英语考点，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题，需结合文章内容逐一分析各小题：
1. 第1题考查写作手法，需判断作者引入话题的方式，原文开头以问句“Do you know World Wetlands Day?”开启，对应选项；
2. 第2题考查细节理解，需找到第三段中湿地的功能，第三段提到湿地支持大量野生动植物，对应相关图片；
3. 第3题考查代词指代，需结合第四段语境判断“it”指代的内容，根据上下文逻辑推导；
4. 第4题考查主旨大意，需总结全文核心内容，确定最适合的标题；
5. 第5题考查推理判断，需根据最后一段的内容推断作者接下来的论述方向。
【解析】
1. 第1题：原文开头以“Do you know World Wetlands Day?”提问引入话题，属于通过提问的方式，故选B。
2. 第2题：第三段提到“wetlands support many types of wildlife”，即湿地支持多种野生动植物，对应选项A的湿地动植物场景，故选A。
3. 第3题：第四段提到“catching carbon dioxide instead of letting it all return to the air”，可知“it”指代前文的“carbon dioxide”，故选D。
4. 第4题：全文围绕湿地的重要性展开，将湿地比作地球的卫士，最适合的标题是“The Guard（卫士）of the Earth”，故选D。
5. 第5题：最后一段提到“we need to take action to protect them”，可知作者接下来会谈论湿地的保护，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、主旨大意题、代词指代
【点评】
本题是关于湿地保护的英语阅读理解题，考查学生对文章写作手法、细节内容、代词指代及主旨大意的理解，题目设置贴合初中英语考点，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、小练笔
What do you know about forests from the reading? How do you think we can help protect them? (At least five sentences)
What do you know about forests from the reading? How do you think we can help protect them? (At least five sentences)
Forests play an important role in the ecosystem. They provide homes for millions of animals and plants.
They also produce oxygen for us and help clean the air. The government can make stronger laws to protect the forests.
We should stop cutting down the trees and hunting for the wild animals in them.
Everyone can help the forests by taking small steps.
答案：Forests play an important role in the ecosystem. They provide homes for millions of animals and plants. They also produce oxygen for us and help clean the air. The government can make stronger laws to protect the forests. We should stop cutting down the trees and hunting for the wild animals in them. Everyone can help the forests by taking small steps.
解析：
【分析】首先明确题目要求：需完成至少五句的英语小练笔，内容包含两部分——阐述对森林的认知（从生态作用角度）、提出保护森林的方法。解题思路：先回忆森林的核心生态功能（如为动植物提供栖息地、产生氧气、净化空气），再从政府、个人等不同主体梳理保护措施（如立法、禁止砍伐、个人小行动），最后组织成语法正确、内容连贯的英语句子，满足话题要求。
【解析】先说明森林的重要生态作用：森林在生态系统中扮演关键角色，为数百万动植物提供家园，还能产生氧气、净化空气；再提出保护措施：政府可制定更严格的森林保护法律，我们应停止砍伐树木和捕猎林中野生动物，每个人都能通过小行动助力森林保护。
【答案】Forests play an important role in the ecosystem. They provide homes for millions of animals and plants. They also produce oxygen for us and help clean the air. The government can make stronger laws to protect the forests. We should stop cutting down the trees and hunting for the wild animals in them. Everyone can help the forests by taking small steps.
【知识点】英语话题写作、生态保护英语表达
【点评】本题结合环保主题考查英语写作能力，要求内容贴合话题、结构连贯，既锻炼学生的英语表达能力，又渗透环保意识，属于基础话题写作练习。
【难度系数】0.4
【解析】先说明森林的重要生态作用：森林在生态系统中扮演关键角色，为数百万动植物提供家园，还能产生氧气、净化空气；再提出保护措施：政府可制定更严格的森林保护法律，我们应停止砍伐树木和捕猎林中野生动物，每个人都能通过小行动助力森林保护。
【答案】Forests play an important role in the ecosystem. They provide homes for millions of animals and plants. They also produce oxygen for us and help clean the air. The government can make stronger laws to protect the forests. We should stop cutting down the trees and hunting for the wild animals in them. Everyone can help the forests by taking small steps.
【知识点】英语话题写作、生态保护英语表达
【点评】本题结合环保主题考查英语写作能力，要求内容贴合话题、结构连贯，既锻炼学生的英语表达能力，又渗透环保意识，属于基础话题写作练习。
【难度系数】0.4