B
Wetlands play an important role in the ecosystem. However, about 35 per cent of the wetlands have been lost in the past 50 years, said the UN. Hoping to protect the wetlands, Cui Luoyao and Lyu Haoyan, two 14-year-old girls from Beijing created a mudskipper（弹涂鱼）amphibious robot（两栖机器人）. They won the Gold Award of the 19th Soong Chingling Award for Children's Invention on August 17, 2024.
"Traditional robots faced problems in wetlands," Cui said. As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands. Inspired（启发）by the little creatures, they added a special chest（胸腔）and tail fin（鳍）to their robot. The fin can help the robot move freely on land and swim underwater. They also learned coding to control（控制）the robot with their phones from far away, up to 300 metres. What's more, they put in different sensors（传感器）to see plants and check water quality.
But things didn't always go well. How to keep the main electronics（电子元件）dry when the robot went underwater was a big problem during testing. "The 3-D printed parts we used couldn't seal（密封）well," Lyu said. After trying different ways, they found that placing rubber rings in the gaps（缝隙）worked well in stopping water from getting in.
After successfully controlling their robotic mudskipper on land and underwater, they were happy with their success. "I feel so proud because our robot can help look into the places that people cannot reach," said Cui.
（
A. protect wetlands B. check water quality
C. complete their schoolwork D. learn more about amphibious fish
（
A. Mudskippers. B. Wetlands. C. The robot fish. D. The animals.
（
A. By sealing the robot with tape. B. By putting rubber rings in the gaps.
C. By using more 3-D printed parts. D. By adding a special cover to it.
（
A. Because mudskippers can clean the water.
B. Because mudskippers can talk on the phones far away.
C. Because mudskippers would make the robot look cool.
D. Because mudskippers can move freely on land and in water.
（
A. The Importance of Wetlands B. How Sensors Help in Wetlands
C. Problems in Studying Wetlands D. Students Build Robots to Save Wetlands
Wetlands play an important role in the ecosystem. However, about 35 per cent of the wetlands have been lost in the past 50 years, said the UN. Hoping to protect the wetlands, Cui Luoyao and Lyu Haoyan, two 14-year-old girls from Beijing created a mudskipper（弹涂鱼）amphibious robot（两栖机器人）. They won the Gold Award of the 19th Soong Chingling Award for Children's Invention on August 17, 2024.
"Traditional robots faced problems in wetlands," Cui said. As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands. Inspired（启发）by the little creatures, they added a special chest（胸腔）and tail fin（鳍）to their robot. The fin can help the robot move freely on land and swim underwater. They also learned coding to control（控制）the robot with their phones from far away, up to 300 metres. What's more, they put in different sensors（传感器）to see plants and check water quality.
But things didn't always go well. How to keep the main electronics（电子元件）dry when the robot went underwater was a big problem during testing. "The 3-D printed parts we used couldn't seal（密封）well," Lyu said. After trying different ways, they found that placing rubber rings in the gaps（缝隙）worked well in stopping water from getting in.
After successfully controlling their robotic mudskipper on land and underwater, they were happy with their success. "I feel so proud because our robot can help look into the places that people cannot reach," said Cui.
（
A
）4. The two girls created the robot to protect wetlands
.A. protect wetlands B. check water quality
C. complete their schoolwork D. learn more about amphibious fish
（
A
）5. What does "the little creatures" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Mudskippers. B. Wetlands. C. The robot fish. D. The animals.
（
B
）6. How did the two girls keep the electronics dry when it was underwater?A. By sealing the robot with tape. B. By putting rubber rings in the gaps.
C. By using more 3-D printed parts. D. By adding a special cover to it.
（
D
）7. Why did the girls choose to make the robot based on a mudskipper?A. Because mudskippers can clean the water.
B. Because mudskippers can talk on the phones far away.
C. Because mudskippers would make the robot look cool.
D. Because mudskippers can move freely on land and in water.
（
D
）8. What would be the best title for the passage?A. The Importance of Wetlands B. How Sensors Help in Wetlands
C. Problems in Studying Wetlands D. Students Build Robots to Save Wetlands
答案：4.A 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D
解析：
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，需通过定位原文关键信息解答各小题：第4题定位创造机器人的目的；第5题根据上下文猜测指代内容；第6题定位保持电子元件干燥的方法；第7题定位选择弹涂鱼作为原型的原因；第8题总结全文主旨。
【解析】
4. 细节理解题：根据第一段“Hoping to protect the wetlands, Cui Luoyao and Lyu Haoyan, two 14-year-old girls from Beijing created a mudskipper（弹涂鱼）amphibious robot（两栖机器人）.”可知，两位女孩创造机器人的目的是保护湿地，故选A。
5. 词义猜测题：根据第二段“As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands. Inspired（启发）by the little creatures...”可知，“the little creatures”指代前文提到的弹涂鱼（mudskippers），故选A。
6. 细节理解题：根据第三段“After trying different ways, they found that placing rubber rings in the gaps（缝隙）worked well in stopping water from getting in.”可知，她们通过在缝隙中放置橡胶圈来防止水进入，从而保持电子元件干燥，故选B。
7. 细节理解题：根据第二段“As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands.”可知，选择弹涂鱼作为机器人原型是因为它能在陆地和湿地中自由移动，故选D。
8. 主旨大意题：全文主要讲述两位北京女孩为保护湿地，受弹涂鱼启发制作两栖机器人并获奖的故事，核心是学生制造机器人以保护湿地，故最佳标题为D选项。
【答案】4.A 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解的核心题型，涵盖细节定位、词义猜测、主旨归纳，要求学生准确抓取原文信息，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.8
【解析】
4. 细节理解题：根据第一段“Hoping to protect the wetlands, Cui Luoyao and Lyu Haoyan, two 14-year-old girls from Beijing created a mudskipper（弹涂鱼）amphibious robot（两栖机器人）.”可知，两位女孩创造机器人的目的是保护湿地，故选A。
5. 词义猜测题：根据第二段“As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands. Inspired（启发）by the little creatures...”可知，“the little creatures”指代前文提到的弹涂鱼（mudskippers），故选A。
6. 细节理解题：根据第三段“After trying different ways, they found that placing rubber rings in the gaps（缝隙）worked well in stopping water from getting in.”可知，她们通过在缝隙中放置橡胶圈来防止水进入，从而保持电子元件干燥，故选B。
7. 细节理解题：根据第二段“As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands.”可知，选择弹涂鱼作为机器人原型是因为它能在陆地和湿地中自由移动，故选D。
8. 主旨大意题：全文主要讲述两位北京女孩为保护湿地，受弹涂鱼启发制作两栖机器人并获奖的故事，核心是学生制造机器人以保护湿地，故最佳标题为D选项。
【答案】4.A 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解的核心题型，涵盖细节定位、词义猜测、主旨归纳，要求学生准确抓取原文信息，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.8
三、信息还原（10分）
The Chinese crested tern(凤头燕鸥) is a type of seabird. The bird is about 30-40 cm long, with grey wings and a white body. 1.
The first record of the bird was in 1861. 2.
Scientists working in a nature reserve in Zhejiang wanted those birds to stay there. They built some artificial nests(人工鸟巢). They even put some hand-made birds of the same size as Chinese crested terns there. 3.
Chinese crested terns lay eggs as the weather gets warmer. 4.
Hope there will be more and more Chinese crested terns flying in the sky.
A. Everything went well.
B. Bird-lovers come here.
C. It lives in a very special way.
D. The number of the birds is very small.
E. However, after the 1940s, people couldn't find them.
F. When it gets cold, they fly to southern areas to spend the winter.
G. Also, the volunteers drive away dangerous animals like snakes and mice.
The Chinese crested tern(凤头燕鸥) is a type of seabird. The bird is about 30-40 cm long, with grey wings and a white body. 1.
D
According to (根据) a report, there are only about 150 Chinese crested terns all over the world.The first record of the bird was in 1861. 2.
E
Scientists once believed that it may die out. Amazingly, over 60 years later, some birdwatchers saw some in Fujian and Zhejiang.Scientists working in a nature reserve in Zhejiang wanted those birds to stay there. They built some artificial nests(人工鸟巢). They even put some hand-made birds of the same size as Chinese crested terns there. 3.
A
More Chinese crested terns flew to the islands and laid their eggs.Chinese crested terns lay eggs as the weather gets warmer. 4.
F
During their stay in Zhejiang, volunteers from a Chinese crested tern protection group help with a lot of work. They record the information of every bird on the islands. They help them lay eggs safely. 5. G
Hope there will be more and more Chinese crested terns flying in the sky.
A. Everything went well.
B. Bird-lovers come here.
C. It lives in a very special way.
D. The number of the birds is very small.
E. However, after the 1940s, people couldn't find them.
F. When it gets cold, they fly to southern areas to spend the winter.
G. Also, the volunteers drive away dangerous animals like snakes and mice.
答案：1.D 2.E 3.A 4.F 5.G
解析：
【分析】本题为英语信息还原题，需结合上下文语境、逻辑关系（如数量描述、时间顺序、行为衔接等）逐一匹配选项。先通读全文，明确文章围绕凤头燕鸥的数量、发现历史、保护措施展开：第1空后提到仅约150只，对应数量少的描述；第2空衔接首次记录与“以为灭绝”，需体现“找不到”的转折；第3空衔接保护措施与燕鸥增多，需体现措施有效；第4空衔接暖时产卵，需对应冷时的行为；第5空衔接志愿者工作，需补充志愿者的其他工作。
【解析】1. 第1空后“only about 150”说明凤头燕鸥数量极少，对应选项D；2. 第2空前是1861年首次记录，空后说“以为灭绝”，说明中间是找不到该鸟，对应选项E；3. 第3空前提到做了人工鸟巢、仿真鸟等保护措施，空后说更多燕鸥飞来产卵，说明措施有效，对应选项A；4. 第4空前说暖时产卵，结合鸟类习性，冷时会去南方过冬，对应选项F；5. 第5空前列举志愿者的工作，选项G补充志愿者驱赶危险动物的工作，符合语境。
【答案】1.D 2.E 3.A 4.F 5.G
【知识点】英语信息还原、语篇逻辑衔接
【点评】本题考查语篇逻辑衔接能力，要求学生梳理文章脉络，结合上下文的数量、时间、行为逻辑匹配句子，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】1. 第1空后“only about 150”说明凤头燕鸥数量极少，对应选项D；2. 第2空前是1861年首次记录，空后说“以为灭绝”，说明中间是找不到该鸟，对应选项E；3. 第3空前提到做了人工鸟巢、仿真鸟等保护措施，空后说更多燕鸥飞来产卵，说明措施有效，对应选项A；4. 第4空前说暖时产卵，结合鸟类习性，冷时会去南方过冬，对应选项F；5. 第5空前列举志愿者的工作，选项G补充志愿者驱赶危险动物的工作，符合语境。
【答案】1.D 2.E 3.A 4.F 5.G
【知识点】英语信息还原、语篇逻辑衔接
【点评】本题考查语篇逻辑衔接能力，要求学生梳理文章脉络，结合上下文的数量、时间、行为逻辑匹配句子，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5