任务一 完形填空
Ecosystems are networks where living things connect with their environment. The ocean, covering 71% of the earth's 1, is the largest ecosystem. It produces most of the planet's oxygen through tiny plants. However, human activities like fishing and pollution have 2 its balance.
Wetlands, though small, play a(n) 3 role. They act like sponges during rains, 4 floodwaters and cleaning pollution. Sadly, many wetlands have been lost due to farming and urbanization(城市化).
Forests, called the earth's "lungs", 5 carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. Rainforests, home to many animals, are becoming smaller. Cutting down trees and fires destroy them. If this continues, some animals may 6 forever.
Even deserts, 7 they are dry, are ecosystems. Desert plants store water in leaves, while animals like camels 8 heat. Climate change makes deserts hotter, threatening their survival.
Polar ecosystems are also in danger. Melting ice harms polar bears and penguins, 9 need ice to hunt. Scientists say if temperatures rise, these places may change 10.
Protecting ecosystems needs everyone. Governments should make laws to stop pollution. People can help by using less plastic and 11 eco-friendly products. Teaching kids about nature helps them 12 good choices later.
Small actions matter. By working together, we can bring 13 between humans and nature, saving all living 14. Remember: protecting ecosystems means protecting 15.
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Ecosystems are networks where living things connect with their environment. The ocean, covering 71% of the earth's 1, is the largest ecosystem. It produces most of the planet's oxygen through tiny plants. However, human activities like fishing and pollution have 2 its balance.
Wetlands, though small, play a(n) 3 role. They act like sponges during rains, 4 floodwaters and cleaning pollution. Sadly, many wetlands have been lost due to farming and urbanization(城市化).
Forests, called the earth's "lungs", 5 carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. Rainforests, home to many animals, are becoming smaller. Cutting down trees and fires destroy them. If this continues, some animals may 6 forever.
Even deserts, 7 they are dry, are ecosystems. Desert plants store water in leaves, while animals like camels 8 heat. Climate change makes deserts hotter, threatening their survival.
Polar ecosystems are also in danger. Melting ice harms polar bears and penguins, 9 need ice to hunt. Scientists say if temperatures rise, these places may change 10.
Protecting ecosystems needs everyone. Governments should make laws to stop pollution. People can help by using less plastic and 11 eco-friendly products. Teaching kids about nature helps them 12 good choices later.
Small actions matter. By working together, we can bring 13 between humans and nature, saving all living 14. Remember: protecting ecosystems means protecting 15.
(
A
) 1. A. surface B. bottom C. height D. land(
B
) 2. A. kept B. broken C. closed D. improved(
B
) 3. A. useless B. important C. careful D. strange(
D
) 4. A. training B. taking C. hiding D. stopping(
B
) 5. A. give out B. take in C. put away D. look for(
A
) 6. A. disappear B. grow C. leave D. produce(
C
) 7. A. if B. however C. though D. whenever(
B
) 8. A. hate B. survive C. avoid D. have(
D
) 9. A. what B. when C. who D. which(
C
)10. A. a few B. a little C. a lot D. slowly(
C
)11. A. breaking B. selling C. buying D. throwing(
D
)12. A. hide B. decide C. pick D. make(
B
)13. A. health B. peace C. noise D. calm(
A
)14. A. things B. machines C. places D. materials(
D
)15. A. itself B. we C. our D. ourselves答案：1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D
解析：
【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文围绕各类生态系统及保护展开），再逐空结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、固定搭配、语法知识分析选项，最后验证答案。每个空需找到前后文线索，如第1题结合地理常识和词汇含义，第2题考查固定搭配，第9题考查定语从句关系词，逐步推导答案。
【解析】
1. 考查名词词义辨析：海洋覆盖地球表面，surface意为“表面”，其余选项不符合，选A。
2. 考查固定搭配：break balance意为“破坏平衡”，符合人类活动对生态的影响，选B。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析：湿地虽小但起重要作用，important符合语境，选B。
4. 考查动词词义辨析：湿地像海绵阻止洪水，stop意为“阻止”，选D。
5. 考查动词短语辨析：森林吸收二氧化碳，take in意为“吸收”，选B。
6. 考查动词词义辨析：动物可能永远消失，disappear符合语境，选A。
7. 考查连词词义辨析：虽然沙漠干燥也是生态系统，though表让步，选C。
8. 考查动词词义辨析：骆驼在沙漠中生存，survive意为“生存”，选B。
9. 考查定语从句关系词：先行词ice是物，在从句中作主语，用which，选D。
10. 考查短语辨析：温度上升会让这些地方变化很多，a lot表程度，选C。
11. 考查动词词义辨析：买环保产品，buy符合语境，选C。
12. 考查固定搭配：make choices意为“做选择”，选D。
13. 考查名词词义辨析：人与自然的和平，peace符合主旨，选B。
14. 考查名词词义辨析：所有生物，things意为“生物”，选A。
15. 考查反身代词：保护我们自己，ourselves符合语境，选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.D
【知识点】
词义辨析、固定搭配、上下文语境理解
【点评】
本文以生态系统保护为主题，考查学生对词汇、语法及语境的综合运用能力，是典型的语境型完形填空，需结合主旨和细节分析解题。
【难度系数】
0.6
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文围绕各类生态系统及保护展开），再逐空结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、固定搭配、语法知识分析选项，最后验证答案。每个空需找到前后文线索，如第1题结合地理常识和词汇含义，第2题考查固定搭配，第9题考查定语从句关系词，逐步推导答案。
【解析】
1. 考查名词词义辨析：海洋覆盖地球表面，surface意为“表面”，其余选项不符合，选A。
2. 考查固定搭配：break balance意为“破坏平衡”，符合人类活动对生态的影响，选B。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析：湿地虽小但起重要作用，important符合语境，选B。
4. 考查动词词义辨析：湿地像海绵阻止洪水，stop意为“阻止”，选D。
5. 考查动词短语辨析：森林吸收二氧化碳，take in意为“吸收”，选B。
6. 考查动词词义辨析：动物可能永远消失，disappear符合语境，选A。
7. 考查连词词义辨析：虽然沙漠干燥也是生态系统，though表让步，选C。
8. 考查动词词义辨析：骆驼在沙漠中生存，survive意为“生存”，选B。
9. 考查定语从句关系词：先行词ice是物，在从句中作主语，用which，选D。
10. 考查短语辨析：温度上升会让这些地方变化很多，a lot表程度，选C。
11. 考查动词词义辨析：买环保产品，buy符合语境，选C。
12. 考查固定搭配：make choices意为“做选择”，选D。
13. 考查名词词义辨析：人与自然的和平，peace符合主旨，选B。
14. 考查名词词义辨析：所有生物，things意为“生物”，选A。
15. 考查反身代词：保护我们自己，ourselves符合语境，选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.D
【知识点】
词义辨析、固定搭配、上下文语境理解
【点评】
本文以生态系统保护为主题，考查学生对词汇、语法及语境的综合运用能力，是典型的语境型完形填空，需结合主旨和细节分析解题。
【难度系数】
0.6