四、完形填空。
新素材 社会百科 Let me tell you about a very famous school in Chinese history—Yingtianfu Academy. This school was one of the four great schools in ancient（古代的）China. Later, it
Students at Yingtianfu Academy had a(n)
Students at Yingtianfu Academy took part in all kinds of
Fan Zhongyan was a famous student from this school. He
1. A. called B. changed C. used D. told
2. A. hard B. free C. easy D. exciting
3. A. languages B. books C. science D. subjects
4. A. where B. what C. when D. how
5. A. trips B. activities C. sports D. parties
6. A. because B. so C. but D. or
7. A. spent B. paid C. cost D. took
8. A. stayed up B. stood up C. got up D. dressed up
9. A. tired of B. sad about C. interested in D. surprised at
10. A. teacher B. painter C. designer D. farmer
新素材 社会百科 Let me tell you about a very famous school in Chinese history—Yingtianfu Academy. This school was one of the four great schools in ancient（古代的）China. Later, it
changed
its name into the “Nanjing Guozijian”.Students at Yingtianfu Academy had a(n)
hard
life. They woke up early in the morning to practise calligraphy（书法）and read books. They studied subjects
like Chinese, History, and something else. They also learnt how
to write poems and articles（文章）.Students at Yingtianfu Academy took part in all kinds of
activities
as well, like debates（辩论）and shows. They often learnt from each other, so
some of them became good friends later.Fan Zhongyan was a famous student from this school. He
spent
five years studying here. He worked very hard and often stayed up
late. During this time, he became interested in
writing poems. He wrote hundreds of great poems. Today, we still read and enjoy many of them. Later, he worked as a teacher
here. What the students learnt from him helped shape（塑造）their future. Some of his students later became great people to work for the country.1. A. called B. changed C. used D. told
2. A. hard B. free C. easy D. exciting
3. A. languages B. books C. science D. subjects
4. A. where B. what C. when D. how
5. A. trips B. activities C. sports D. parties
6. A. because B. so C. but D. or
7. A. spent B. paid C. cost D. took
8. A. stayed up B. stood up C. got up D. dressed up
9. A. tired of B. sad about C. interested in D. surprised at
10. A. teacher B. painter C. designer D. farmer
答案：1. B 【解析】根据上文中“Yingtianfu Academy”可知，此处指它将名字从“应天府书院”改为“南京国子监”。change... into... 意为“将……改为……”，符合语境。
2. A 【解析】根据后句“They woke up early in the morning to practise calligraphy and read books.”可知，学生们很刻苦。hard意为“艰苦的”，符合语境。
3. D 【解析】空后的“Chinese，History...”是他们所学的学科(subjects)。
4. D 【解析】句意：他们也学习如何(how)写诗词与文章。
5. B 【解析】空后的“debates and shows”都是学生们参加的活动(activities)。
6. B 【解析】空前的“他们经常互相学习”和空后的“他们中一些人在后来成为好朋友”之间是因果关系，前为因，后为果，连词用so。
7. A 【解析】句意：他花费五年时间在这里学习。“spend＋一段时间＋(in) doing sth”是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”。
8. A 【解析】此处与“worked very hard”之间是顺承关系，指他学习很刻苦，经常熬夜(stayed up)到很晚。
9. C 【解析】根据后句“He wrote hundreds of great poems.”可知，他对写诗感兴趣。be/become interested in doing sth是固定搭配，意为“对做某事感兴趣”。
10. A 【解析】根据后句中“What the students learnt from him”可知，后来他在这所学校当老师(teacher)。
2. A 【解析】根据后句“They woke up early in the morning to practise calligraphy and read books.”可知，学生们很刻苦。hard意为“艰苦的”，符合语境。
3. D 【解析】空后的“Chinese，History...”是他们所学的学科(subjects)。
4. D 【解析】句意：他们也学习如何(how)写诗词与文章。
5. B 【解析】空后的“debates and shows”都是学生们参加的活动(activities)。
6. B 【解析】空前的“他们经常互相学习”和空后的“他们中一些人在后来成为好朋友”之间是因果关系，前为因，后为果，连词用so。
7. A 【解析】句意：他花费五年时间在这里学习。“spend＋一段时间＋(in) doing sth”是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”。
8. A 【解析】此处与“worked very hard”之间是顺承关系，指他学习很刻苦，经常熬夜(stayed up)到很晚。
9. C 【解析】根据后句“He wrote hundreds of great poems.”可知，他对写诗感兴趣。be/become interested in doing sth是固定搭配，意为“对做某事感兴趣”。
10. A 【解析】根据后句中“What the students learnt from him”可知，后来他在这所学校当老师(teacher)。
解析：
【分析】
做完形填空时，首先通读全文把握文章主旨（本文介绍中国古代著名的应天府书院）；再逐空分析，结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配及逻辑关系选择答案：1题依据“change...into...”固定搭配选B；2题由后文学生早起刻苦学习的描述选A；3题根据后文列举的语文、历史等学科选D；4题表“如何写诗词文章”用how选D；5题辩论、表演属于活动选B；6题前后为因果关系（互相学习所以成朋友）选so；7题依据“spend时间doing sth”固定搭配选A；8题结合刻苦学习的语境选stayed up；9题依据写大量诗的描述选interested in；10题依据学生从他学习的语境选teacher。
【解析】
1. 选B。根据语境，此处指应天府书院改名为“南京国子监”，“change...into...”是固定搭配，意为“将……改为……”，符合语境。
2. 选A。后文提到学生早起练习书法、读书，说明他们的生活很刻苦，hard符合语境。
3. 选D。空后列举的语文、历史等属于学科，subjects符合语境。
4. 选D。句意是他们学习如何写诗词文章，how表方式，符合语境。
5. 选B。辩论、表演都属于学生参加的活动，activities符合语境。
6. 选B。前半句“互相学习”和后半句“成为好朋友”是因果关系（前因后果），用so连接。
7. 选A。“spend+一段时间+(in) doing sth”是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”，符合句意。
8. 选A。结合前文“worked very hard”，此处指经常熬夜到很晚，stayed up符合语境。
9. 选C。根据后文“写了数百首好诗”，可知他对写诗感兴趣，“be/become interested in”是固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”。
10. 选A。后文提到学生从他那里学习，说明他后来在这里当老师，teacher符合语境。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.A
【知识点】
完形填空，词汇辨析，固定搭配
【点评】
本题为社会百科类完形填空，围绕中国古代著名书院展开，考查学生对词汇、固定搭配及上下文逻辑关系的运用能力，素材贴近文化常识，难度适中，适合巩固完形填空解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
做完形填空时，首先通读全文把握文章主旨（本文介绍中国古代著名的应天府书院）；再逐空分析，结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配及逻辑关系选择答案：1题依据“change...into...”固定搭配选B；2题由后文学生早起刻苦学习的描述选A；3题根据后文列举的语文、历史等学科选D；4题表“如何写诗词文章”用how选D；5题辩论、表演属于活动选B；6题前后为因果关系（互相学习所以成朋友）选so；7题依据“spend时间doing sth”固定搭配选A；8题结合刻苦学习的语境选stayed up；9题依据写大量诗的描述选interested in；10题依据学生从他学习的语境选teacher。
【解析】
1. 选B。根据语境，此处指应天府书院改名为“南京国子监”，“change...into...”是固定搭配，意为“将……改为……”，符合语境。
2. 选A。后文提到学生早起练习书法、读书，说明他们的生活很刻苦，hard符合语境。
3. 选D。空后列举的语文、历史等属于学科，subjects符合语境。
4. 选D。句意是他们学习如何写诗词文章，how表方式，符合语境。
5. 选B。辩论、表演都属于学生参加的活动，activities符合语境。
6. 选B。前半句“互相学习”和后半句“成为好朋友”是因果关系（前因后果），用so连接。
7. 选A。“spend+一段时间+(in) doing sth”是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”，符合句意。
8. 选A。结合前文“worked very hard”，此处指经常熬夜到很晚，stayed up符合语境。
9. 选C。根据后文“写了数百首好诗”，可知他对写诗感兴趣，“be/become interested in”是固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”。
10. 选A。后文提到学生从他那里学习，说明他后来在这里当老师，teacher符合语境。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.A
【知识点】
完形填空，词汇辨析，固定搭配
【点评】
本题为社会百科类完形填空，围绕中国古代著名书院展开，考查学生对词汇、固定搭配及上下文逻辑关系的运用能力，素材贴近文化常识，难度适中，适合巩固完形填空解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、方框选词。
be nice to, have fun, each other, great
places to learn, talking with friends
新素养 国际视野 In the world, there are
many special schools. They are different from
1.
One special school is Waldorf School. This
school teaches children everything, like art,
music and nature, not just reading and maths.
They think it helps children have new ideas and
2 others. In the USA, there is a school
called the Sudbury Valley School. At this
school, children can do what they want, like
playing games, reading books, or just 3.
They can also learn different subjects.
These schools are not like most schools.
They try new ways to help children learn and
4. They show that schools can be different
and will be 5.
be nice to, have fun, each other, great
places to learn, talking with friends
新素养 国际视野 In the world, there are
many special schools. They are different from
1.
One special school is Waldorf School. This
school teaches children everything, like art,
music and nature, not just reading and maths.
They think it helps children have new ideas and
2 others. In the USA, there is a school
called the Sudbury Valley School. At this
school, children can do what they want, like
playing games, reading books, or just 3.
They can also learn different subjects.
These schools are not like most schools.
They try new ways to help children learn and
4. They show that schools can be different
and will be 5.
答案：1. each other 2. be nice to 3. talking with friends 4. have fun 5. great places to learn
解析：
【分析】
首先明确方框内各短语的含义：be nice to（对……友好）、have fun（玩得开心）、each other（彼此）、great places to learn（学习的好地方）、talking with friends（和朋友聊天）。解题时需结合句子上下文语境、语法结构（如并列成分形式）匹配合适短语：1. 第一空对应“很多特殊学校”，需表“彼此”的短语；2. 第二空与have new ideas并列，需表对他人态度的短语；3. 第三空是列举活动，需动名词形式的活动短语；4. 第四空与learn并列，需表活动乐趣的短语；5. 第五空对应学校属性，需表学习场所的短语。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前文提到“many special schools”，此处表示这些特殊学校彼此不同，故填each other；
2. 第二空：由并列连词and可知，需与have new ideas并列，表达帮助孩子对他人友好，故填be nice to；
3. 第三空：列举的playing games、reading books均为动名词形式，talking with friends符合活动类并列要求，故填talking with friends；
4. 第四空：由并列连词and可知，需与learn并列，表达帮助孩子学习和玩得开心，故填have fun；
5. 第五空：前文提到“schools can be different”，此处表示学校会是学习的好地方，故填great places to learn。
【答案】
1. each other
2. be nice to
3. talking with friends
4. have fun
5. great places to learn
【知识点】
英语选词填空、短语词义辨析、语境理解
【点评】
本题为英语方框选词题，侧重考查学生对常用短语的掌握及语境运用能力，解题关键是结合句子逻辑和语法结构匹配短语，难度适中，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.5
首先明确方框内各短语的含义：be nice to（对……友好）、have fun（玩得开心）、each other（彼此）、great places to learn（学习的好地方）、talking with friends（和朋友聊天）。解题时需结合句子上下文语境、语法结构（如并列成分形式）匹配合适短语：1. 第一空对应“很多特殊学校”，需表“彼此”的短语；2. 第二空与have new ideas并列，需表对他人态度的短语；3. 第三空是列举活动，需动名词形式的活动短语；4. 第四空与learn并列，需表活动乐趣的短语；5. 第五空对应学校属性，需表学习场所的短语。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前文提到“many special schools”，此处表示这些特殊学校彼此不同，故填each other；
2. 第二空：由并列连词and可知，需与have new ideas并列，表达帮助孩子对他人友好，故填be nice to；
3. 第三空：列举的playing games、reading books均为动名词形式，talking with friends符合活动类并列要求，故填talking with friends；
4. 第四空：由并列连词and可知，需与learn并列，表达帮助孩子学习和玩得开心，故填have fun；
5. 第五空：前文提到“schools can be different”，此处表示学校会是学习的好地方，故填great places to learn。
【答案】
1. each other
2. be nice to
3. talking with friends
4. have fun
5. great places to learn
【知识点】
英语选词填空、短语词义辨析、语境理解
【点评】
本题为英语方框选词题，侧重考查学生对常用短语的掌握及语境运用能力，解题关键是结合句子逻辑和语法结构匹配短语，难度适中，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.5