Ⅰ. 选用方框内的单词或短语填空,其中有一个单词或短语是多余选项
solve, kill, madam, wastewater, cleaning up, environmental
1. This way,
2. The students are making some posters about
3. Look! The students in Class Two are
4. In fact, germs(细菌) are everywhere in our daily life. We can't
5. When you have problems, local people would like to help you
solve, kill, madam, wastewater, cleaning up, environmental
1. This way,
madam
. Your seat is over there.2. The students are making some posters about
environmental
protection.3. Look! The students in Class Two are
cleaning up
the schoolyard.4. In fact, germs(细菌) are everywhere in our daily life. We can't
kill
all of them.5. When you have problems, local people would like to help you
solve
them.答案：1. madam
2. environmental
3. cleaning up
4. kill
5. solve
2. environmental
3. cleaning up
4. kill
5. solve
解析：
【分析】
本题为英语选词填空题，需结合句子语境、词性及固定搭配选择合适单词。首先明确方框内单词：solve（解决，动词）、kill（杀死，动词）、madam（女士，名词，称呼）、wastewater（废水，名词）、cleaning up（打扫，动名词短语）、environmental（环境的，形容词），且有一个多余选项。逐个分析：1. 第一空为引导语，需称呼语，对应madam；2. 第二空修饰名词protection，需形容词，对应environmental；3. 第三空为现在进行时，需现在分词短语，对应cleaning up；4. 第四空情态动词后接动词原形，对应kill；5. 第五空需动词搭配problems，对应solve；多余选项为wastewater。
【解析】
1. 第一空：句子为引导他人的礼貌用语，需称呼类名词，madam意为“女士”，符合语境，故填madam；
2. 第二空：空格后为名词protection，需形容词修饰，environmental是形容词，构成固定短语environmental protection（环境保护），故填environmental；
3. 第三空：句子为现在进行时，结构为“be + 现在分词”，cleaning up意为“打扫”，符合“学生打扫校园”的语境，故填cleaning up；
4. 第四空：情态动词can后接动词原形，kill意为“杀死”，对应“无法杀死所有细菌”的语义，故填kill；
5. 第五空：固定搭配help sb do sth，solve意为“解决”，与problems搭配表示“解决问题”，故填solve。
【答案】
1. madam
2. environmental
3. cleaning up
4. kill
5. solve
【知识点】
英语选词填空、词汇辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇的词义、词性及语境运用，结合句子结构和固定搭配即可解题，属于初中英语基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为英语选词填空题，需结合句子语境、词性及固定搭配选择合适单词。首先明确方框内单词：solve（解决，动词）、kill（杀死，动词）、madam（女士，名词，称呼）、wastewater（废水，名词）、cleaning up（打扫，动名词短语）、environmental（环境的，形容词），且有一个多余选项。逐个分析：1. 第一空为引导语，需称呼语，对应madam；2. 第二空修饰名词protection，需形容词，对应environmental；3. 第三空为现在进行时，需现在分词短语，对应cleaning up；4. 第四空情态动词后接动词原形，对应kill；5. 第五空需动词搭配problems，对应solve；多余选项为wastewater。
【解析】
1. 第一空：句子为引导他人的礼貌用语，需称呼类名词，madam意为“女士”，符合语境，故填madam；
2. 第二空：空格后为名词protection，需形容词修饰，environmental是形容词，构成固定短语environmental protection（环境保护），故填environmental；
3. 第三空：句子为现在进行时，结构为“be + 现在分词”，cleaning up意为“打扫”，符合“学生打扫校园”的语境，故填cleaning up；
4. 第四空：情态动词can后接动词原形，kill意为“杀死”，对应“无法杀死所有细菌”的语义，故填kill；
5. 第五空：固定搭配help sb do sth，solve意为“解决”，与problems搭配表示“解决问题”，故填solve。
【答案】
1. madam
2. environmental
3. cleaning up
4. kill
5. solve
【知识点】
英语选词填空、词汇辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇的词义、词性及语境运用，结合句子结构和固定搭配即可解题，属于初中英语基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
Ⅱ. 连词成句
6. is home to of ocean the life kinds sea many
7. knowledge education help keep forests safe to are and useful tools
8. idea how tell a to it protect the ocean good to is people
9. factories and houses travels ocean and wastewater causes from to pollution the
10. ask for in ocean am your protecting I the help to writing
6. is home to of ocean the life kinds sea many
The ocean is home to many kinds of sea life
.7. knowledge education help keep forests safe to are and useful tools
Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe
.8. idea how tell a to it protect the ocean good to is people
It is a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean
.9. factories and houses travels ocean and wastewater causes from to pollution the
Wastewater from factories and houses travels to the ocean and causes pollution
.10. ask for in ocean am your protecting I the help to writing
I am writing to ask for your help in protecting the ocean
.答案：6. The ocean is home to many kinds of sea life
7. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe
8. It is a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean
9. Wastewater from factories and houses travels to the ocean and causes pollution
10. I am writing to ask for your help in protecting the ocean
7. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe
8. It is a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean
9. Wastewater from factories and houses travels to the ocean and causes pollution
10. I am writing to ask for your help in protecting the ocean
解析：
【分析】
连词成句的解题思路：1. 先梳理题目给出的单词与短语，明确核心词汇和固定搭配；2. 确定句子的基本结构（主系表/主谓宾等）；3. 按语法规则调整语序，确保句子通顺、语法正确，注意首字母大写和标点符号。
【解析】
6. 步骤：①确定核心短语is home to（是……的家园）；②主语为the ocean；③宾语部分为many kinds of sea life；组合后得到句子：The ocean is home to many kinds of sea life。
7. 步骤：①主语为Education and knowledge；②固定搭配useful tools；③目的状语为to help keep forests safe；组合后得到句子：Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe。
8. 步骤：①使用固定句型It is a good idea to do sth；②真正主语为tell people how to protect the ocean；组合后得到句子：It is a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean。
9. 步骤：①主语为Wastewater from factories and houses；②谓语为travels to... and causes...；③宾语为the ocean和pollution；组合后得到句子：Wastewater from factories and houses travels to the ocean and causes pollution。
10. 步骤：①使用现在进行时结构I am writing to do sth；②固定搭配ask for your help in doing sth；③宾语为protecting the ocean；组合后得到句子：I am writing to ask for your help in protecting the ocean。
【答案】
6. The ocean is home to many kinds of sea life
7. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe
8. It is a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean
9. Wastewater from factories and houses travels to the ocean and causes pollution
10. I am writing to ask for your help in protecting the ocean
【知识点】
连词成句、英语句子结构、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础连词成句题，考察学生对英语基本句型、常用短语及语序的掌握，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
连词成句的解题思路：1. 先梳理题目给出的单词与短语，明确核心词汇和固定搭配；2. 确定句子的基本结构（主系表/主谓宾等）；3. 按语法规则调整语序，确保句子通顺、语法正确，注意首字母大写和标点符号。
【解析】
6. 步骤：①确定核心短语is home to（是……的家园）；②主语为the ocean；③宾语部分为many kinds of sea life；组合后得到句子：The ocean is home to many kinds of sea life。
7. 步骤：①主语为Education and knowledge；②固定搭配useful tools；③目的状语为to help keep forests safe；组合后得到句子：Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe。
8. 步骤：①使用固定句型It is a good idea to do sth；②真正主语为tell people how to protect the ocean；组合后得到句子：It is a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean。
9. 步骤：①主语为Wastewater from factories and houses；②谓语为travels to... and causes...；③宾语为the ocean和pollution；组合后得到句子：Wastewater from factories and houses travels to the ocean and causes pollution。
10. 步骤：①使用现在进行时结构I am writing to do sth；②固定搭配ask for your help in doing sth；③宾语为protecting the ocean；组合后得到句子：I am writing to ask for your help in protecting the ocean。
【答案】
6. The ocean is home to many kinds of sea life
7. Education and knowledge are useful tools to help keep forests safe
8. It is a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean
9. Wastewater from factories and houses travels to the ocean and causes pollution
10. I am writing to ask for your help in protecting the ocean
【知识点】
连词成句、英语句子结构、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础连词成句题，考察学生对英语基本句型、常用短语及语序的掌握，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
New research studying 20 years of ocean information has found that our oceans have changed colour. This also means a great change in the ecosystem of oceans, which is likely caused by human activities.
For tens of years, satellites have been watching the colour of the earth's oceans and collecting information on the colour of light reflecting(反射) off the water. Especially one of the satellites, the Aqua satellite has recently completed 20 years of collecting high-quality global ocean-colour information. A new study has examined this information and found changes in the ocean colour over the past 20 years, which cannot be explained by natural, year-to-year variability(可变性) alone.
"I've been running models to study the ocean colour. The models have been telling me for years that these changes in the ocean colour are going to happen," said Stephanie Dutkiewicz, one of the study's writers. "To actually see it happening for real is not surprising. But I am scared that these changes are probably caused by human activities."
The ocean's colour shows the life that lives in the water. Deep blue water usually has very little life. However, greener water means the presence of ecosystems, mainly plankton(浮游生物). Without plankton, many oceanic food webs would break down. This will greatly impact the sea life and humans that depend on fish for food.
"The colour of our oceans has changed," said Dutkiewicz. "And we can't say how. But we can say that changes in the ocean colour show changes in plankton communities. Plankton communities are the foundation(基础) of everything that feeds on plankton. So, we hope people take this problem seriously."
Next, Dutkiewicz will try to better understand the colour changes in different ocean areas, as well as looking into what might be causing them.
(
A. The purpose of the study.
B. The writers of the study.
C. The process of the study.
D. The good parts of the study.
(
A. Calm.
B. Worried.
C. Surprised.
D. Interested.
(
A. Make something grow.
B. Have an effect on something.
C. Make something polluted.
D. Put something in balance.
(
A. To call on people to care about oceans.
B. To point out the importance of oceanic food webs.
C. To tell us that plankton is the foundation of everything.
D. To explain how the colour of our oceans has changed.
(
A. The ecosystems in different ocean areas.
B. The results of changes in the ocean colour.
C. The plankton communities in different oceans.
D. The reasons for changes in the ocean colour.
New research studying 20 years of ocean information has found that our oceans have changed colour. This also means a great change in the ecosystem of oceans, which is likely caused by human activities.
For tens of years, satellites have been watching the colour of the earth's oceans and collecting information on the colour of light reflecting(反射) off the water. Especially one of the satellites, the Aqua satellite has recently completed 20 years of collecting high-quality global ocean-colour information. A new study has examined this information and found changes in the ocean colour over the past 20 years, which cannot be explained by natural, year-to-year variability(可变性) alone.
"I've been running models to study the ocean colour. The models have been telling me for years that these changes in the ocean colour are going to happen," said Stephanie Dutkiewicz, one of the study's writers. "To actually see it happening for real is not surprising. But I am scared that these changes are probably caused by human activities."
The ocean's colour shows the life that lives in the water. Deep blue water usually has very little life. However, greener water means the presence of ecosystems, mainly plankton(浮游生物). Without plankton, many oceanic food webs would break down. This will greatly impact the sea life and humans that depend on fish for food.
"The colour of our oceans has changed," said Dutkiewicz. "And we can't say how. But we can say that changes in the ocean colour show changes in plankton communities. Plankton communities are the foundation(基础) of everything that feeds on plankton. So, we hope people take this problem seriously."
Next, Dutkiewicz will try to better understand the colour changes in different ocean areas, as well as looking into what might be causing them.
(
C
)11. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The purpose of the study.
B. The writers of the study.
C. The process of the study.
D. The good parts of the study.
(
B
)12. How did Dutkiewicz feel about the changes in the colour of oceans?A. Calm.
B. Worried.
C. Surprised.
D. Interested.
(
B
)13. What does the underlined word "impact" probably mean?A. Make something grow.
B. Have an effect on something.
C. Make something polluted.
D. Put something in balance.
(
A
)14. According to Paragraph 5, what is Dutkiewicz trying to do?A. To call on people to care about oceans.
B. To point out the importance of oceanic food webs.
C. To tell us that plankton is the foundation of everything.
D. To explain how the colour of our oceans has changed.
(
D
)15. 创新设题 推测后续发展＞＞ What may Dutkiewicz continue to study?A. The ecosystems in different ocean areas.
B. The results of changes in the ocean colour.
C. The plankton communities in different oceans.
D. The reasons for changes in the ocean colour.
答案：11.C
12.B
13.B
14.A
15.D
12.B
13.B
14.A
15.D
解析：
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需结合原文内容逐一分析各题：11题为主旨大意题，梳理第二段内容判断核心；12题为细节理解题，定位原文中Dutkiewicz的感受表述；13题为词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推测划线词含义；14题为细节理解题，定位第五段判断作者意图；15题为推理判断题，定位最后一段的后续研究内容。
【解析】
11题：第二段主要讲述卫星（Aqua卫星）收集20年全球海洋颜色数据，研究人员分析该数据发现海洋颜色的变化，属于研究的过程，A选项“研究目的”、B选项“作者”、D选项“研究优点”均不符合，故选C；
12题：根据第三段Dutkiewicz所说“scared that these changes are probably caused by human activities”及最后呼吁人们重视该问题，可知她对海洋颜色变化感到担心，A“平静”、C“惊讶”、D“感兴趣”均不符合，故选B；
13题：第四段提到浮游生物是海洋食物网的基础，没有浮游生物食物网会崩溃，因此“impact”在此处意为“对……有影响”，A“使生长”、C“污染”、D“平衡”均不符合，故选B；
14题：第五段最后一句“we hope people take this problem seriously”表明Dutkiewicz希望人们重视海洋颜色变化问题，即呼吁人们关心海洋，B“指出食物网重要性”、C“说明浮游生物是基础”、D“解释颜色如何变化”均不符合，故选A；
15题：最后一段提到Dutkiewicz后续会研究不同海域的颜色变化以及“what might be causing them”（颜色变化的原因），A“不同海域生态系统”、B“颜色变化的结果”、C“不同海域浮游生物”均不符合，故选D；
【答案】
11.C 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解题，主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为科普类英语阅读理解，围绕海洋颜色变化展开，考查学生对原文细节、主旨、词义及作者意图的理解，题型全面，需学生具备精准定位信息的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为英语阅读理解题，需结合原文内容逐一分析各题：11题为主旨大意题，梳理第二段内容判断核心；12题为细节理解题，定位原文中Dutkiewicz的感受表述；13题为词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推测划线词含义；14题为细节理解题，定位第五段判断作者意图；15题为推理判断题，定位最后一段的后续研究内容。
【解析】
11题：第二段主要讲述卫星（Aqua卫星）收集20年全球海洋颜色数据，研究人员分析该数据发现海洋颜色的变化，属于研究的过程，A选项“研究目的”、B选项“作者”、D选项“研究优点”均不符合，故选C；
12题：根据第三段Dutkiewicz所说“scared that these changes are probably caused by human activities”及最后呼吁人们重视该问题，可知她对海洋颜色变化感到担心，A“平静”、C“惊讶”、D“感兴趣”均不符合，故选B；
13题：第四段提到浮游生物是海洋食物网的基础，没有浮游生物食物网会崩溃，因此“impact”在此处意为“对……有影响”，A“使生长”、C“污染”、D“平衡”均不符合，故选B；
14题：第五段最后一句“we hope people take this problem seriously”表明Dutkiewicz希望人们重视海洋颜色变化问题，即呼吁人们关心海洋，B“指出食物网重要性”、C“说明浮游生物是基础”、D“解释颜色如何变化”均不符合，故选A；
15题：最后一段提到Dutkiewicz后续会研究不同海域的颜色变化以及“what might be causing them”（颜色变化的原因），A“不同海域生态系统”、B“颜色变化的结果”、C“不同海域浮游生物”均不符合，故选D；
【答案】
11.C 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解题，主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为科普类英语阅读理解，围绕海洋颜色变化展开，考查学生对原文细节、主旨、词义及作者意图的理解，题型全面，需学生具备精准定位信息的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5