英语
八年级
上册
人教版
1.—Are all your classmates coming to the New Year's concert?
—Yes,
A.except
B.beside
C.through
D.against
八年级
上册
人教版
1.—Are all your classmates coming to the New Year's concert?
—Yes,
A
Li Hua. He went back to see his grandparents yesterday.A.except
B.beside
C.through
D.against
答案：1.A 根据“He went back to see his grandparents yesterday.”可知,此处说的是除了李华都来了。故选A。
解析：
【分析】
这道题考查介词的词义辨析，解题思路为：先理解对话的语境，再逐一分析每个选项中介词的含义，最后结合语境选出符合句意的介词。对话中提到“除了李华都来音乐会了”，需要选表示“排除在外”的介词。
【解析】
先翻译对话：—你的所有同学都来新年音乐会了吗？—是的，除了李华都来了。他昨天回去看他的祖父母了。再分析选项：A. except意为“除……之外（不包含在内）”，符合语境；B. beside意为“在……旁边”，不符合；C. through意为“通过；穿过”，不符合；D. against意为“反对；紧靠”，不符合。因此选A。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
介词辨析
【点评】
本题结合日常对话语境考查基础介词的词义，难度不大，只需准确掌握各介词含义并结合语境即可选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
这道题考查介词的词义辨析，解题思路为：先理解对话的语境，再逐一分析每个选项中介词的含义，最后结合语境选出符合句意的介词。对话中提到“除了李华都来音乐会了”，需要选表示“排除在外”的介词。
【解析】
先翻译对话：—你的所有同学都来新年音乐会了吗？—是的，除了李华都来了。他昨天回去看他的祖父母了。再分析选项：A. except意为“除……之外（不包含在内）”，符合语境；B. beside意为“在……旁边”，不符合；C. through意为“通过；穿过”，不符合；D. against意为“反对；紧靠”，不符合。因此选A。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
介词辨析
【点评】
本题结合日常对话语境考查基础介词的词义，难度不大，只需准确掌握各介词含义并结合语境即可选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
2.After winning the singing competition, Sara was full of
A.discouragement
B.happiness
C.patience
D.curiosity
B
.A.discouragement
B.happiness
C.patience
D.curiosity
答案：2.B 根据“winning the singing competition”可知,赢得比赛后应是很开心。故选B。
解析：
【分析】首先明确题干语境：Sara赢得了歌唱比赛，需结合语境选择合适的名词。先理解各选项词义，再根据“赢得比赛”的积极场景，判断应选表达积极情绪的名词。
【解析】题干意为“赢得歌唱比赛后，Sara充满了______”。A选项discouragement意为“气馁；沮丧”，是消极情绪，不符合赢得比赛后的状态；B选项happiness意为“开心；幸福”，是积极情绪，契合赢得比赛后的心情；C选项patience意为“耐心”，与赢得比赛后的情绪无关；D选项curiosity意为“好奇”，不符合语境。因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】名词词义辨析；语境运用
【点评】本题结合具体语境考查名词词义辨析，属于基础题型，掌握各选项词义并理解题干逻辑即可轻松作答。
【难度系数】0.8
【解析】题干意为“赢得歌唱比赛后，Sara充满了______”。A选项discouragement意为“气馁；沮丧”，是消极情绪，不符合赢得比赛后的状态；B选项happiness意为“开心；幸福”，是积极情绪，契合赢得比赛后的心情；C选项patience意为“耐心”，与赢得比赛后的情绪无关；D选项curiosity意为“好奇”，不符合语境。因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】名词词义辨析；语境运用
【点评】本题结合具体语境考查名词词义辨析，属于基础题型，掌握各选项词义并理解题干逻辑即可轻松作答。
【难度系数】0.8
Ⅱ.根据句意和首字母或音标提示写出所缺单词
3.People on the ground look as
4.Dolphins swim freely in the deep blue o
5.I'm sorry to d
6.—Do you know about the c
—Yes. It's usually hot and rainy.
3.People on the ground look as
tiny
/ˈtaɪni/ as ants when you see them from a plane.4.Dolphins swim freely in the deep blue o
ocean
.5.I'm sorry to d
disappoint
you, Kate. I can't go to your birthday party this weekend.6.—Do you know about the c
climate
in the place?—Yes. It's usually hot and rainy.
答案：3.tiny 4.ocean 5.disappoint 6.climate
解析：
【分析】
1. 第3题根据音标/ˈtaɪni/，结合as...as同级比较结构需用形容词，确定对应单词；2. 第4题根据首字母o和“海豚在深蓝色的……”的语境，结合常识确定为海洋相关名词；3. 第5题根据首字母d和“抱歉……你，不能参加派对”的语境，确定为表“使失望”的动词；4. 第6题根据首字母c和答语“通常炎热多雨”的气候描述，确定对应名词。
【解析】
3. 音标/ˈtaɪni/对应的形容词为tiny，符合as...as结构中形容词原级的用法，故填tiny；4. 结合语境及首字母o，海豚生活在海洋中，故填ocean；5. 结合语境及首字母d，disappoint意为“使失望”，符合句意，故填disappoint；6. 答语描述气候特征，结合首字母c，climate意为“气候”，符合语境，故填climate。
【答案】
3.tiny 4.ocean 5.disappoint 6.climate
【知识点】
单词拼写、词义运用
【点评】
本题考查根据音标、首字母及语境填写单词，侧重基础词汇的掌握，需结合句意和词汇积累完成，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第3题根据音标/ˈtaɪni/，结合as...as同级比较结构需用形容词，确定对应单词；2. 第4题根据首字母o和“海豚在深蓝色的……”的语境，结合常识确定为海洋相关名词；3. 第5题根据首字母d和“抱歉……你，不能参加派对”的语境，确定为表“使失望”的动词；4. 第6题根据首字母c和答语“通常炎热多雨”的气候描述，确定对应名词。
【解析】
3. 音标/ˈtaɪni/对应的形容词为tiny，符合as...as结构中形容词原级的用法，故填tiny；4. 结合语境及首字母o，海豚生活在海洋中，故填ocean；5. 结合语境及首字母d，disappoint意为“使失望”，符合句意，故填disappoint；6. 答语描述气候特征，结合首字母c，climate意为“气候”，符合语境，故填climate。
【答案】
3.tiny 4.ocean 5.disappoint 6.climate
【知识点】
单词拼写、词义运用
【点评】
本题考查根据音标、首字母及语境填写单词，侧重基础词汇的掌握，需结合句意和词汇积累完成，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空词数不限
7.据报道，人们每年扔掉成吨的垃圾。
It is reported that people throw
8.赛龙舟是端午节最热闹的一项活动。它展示了人与人之间团结合作的精神。
The Dragon Boat Race is
9.这个小组里的每个人都在这部短剧中扮演一个角色。
Everyone in this group
7.据报道，人们每年扔掉成吨的垃圾。
It is reported that people throw
tons of
rubbish away each year.8.赛龙舟是端午节最热闹的一项活动。它展示了人与人之间团结合作的精神。
The Dragon Boat Race is
the most lively
activity of the Dragon Boat Festival. It shows the spirit of unity and cooperation among people.9.这个小组里的每个人都在这部短剧中扮演一个角色。
Everyone in this group
plays a role in
the short play.答案：7.tons of 8.the most lively 9.plays a role in
解析：
【分析】
本题为根据汉语意思完成句子的基础题型，需结合汉语语义匹配对应的英语固定表达，同时注意形容词最高级、主谓一致等语法规则。第7题“成吨的”对应修饰不可数名词的固定短语；第8题“最热闹的”需用形容词最高级形式；第9题“扮演一个角色”对应固定动词短语，且要根据主语确定动词形式。
【解析】
7. 表示“成吨的”且修饰不可数名词rubbish，用固定搭配tons of，故填tons of；
8. 表示“最热闹的”，形容词lively为多音节词，最高级需加most，且最高级前加定冠词the，故填the most lively；
9. 表示“在……中扮演角色”用固定短语play a role in，主语everyone是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填plays a role in。
【答案】
7.tons of 8.the most lively 9.plays a role in
【知识点】
固定搭配、形容词最高级、动词短语
【点评】
本题考察基础英语固定表达和简单语法，题型常规，适合巩固基础，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为根据汉语意思完成句子的基础题型，需结合汉语语义匹配对应的英语固定表达，同时注意形容词最高级、主谓一致等语法规则。第7题“成吨的”对应修饰不可数名词的固定短语；第8题“最热闹的”需用形容词最高级形式；第9题“扮演一个角色”对应固定动词短语，且要根据主语确定动词形式。
【解析】
7. 表示“成吨的”且修饰不可数名词rubbish，用固定搭配tons of，故填tons of；
8. 表示“最热闹的”，形容词lively为多音节词，最高级需加most，且最高级前加定冠词the，故填the most lively；
9. 表示“在……中扮演角色”用固定短语play a role in，主语everyone是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填plays a role in。
【答案】
7.tons of 8.the most lively 9.plays a role in
【知识点】
固定搭配、形容词最高级、动词短语
【点评】
本题考察基础英语固定表达和简单语法，题型常规，适合巩固基础，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅳ.阅读理解
「2026湖北武汉洪山期中」
Every summer, thousands of swamp sparrows（沼泽麻雀）sing songs in the North America's wetlands. These special brown birds only know a few songs, but they sing them very well. In fact, their song list doesn't change much at all.
Like humans, baby swamp sparrows learn songs from their elders. "Swamp sparrows just make few mistakes when they learn their songs," says biologist Robert Lachlan. Actually, they copy the music so well that it stays the same from the elder to the young.
" Just like children, the sparrows don't remember every song they hear," Lachlan says. "They just pick up the songs they hear most often. It's an example of what scientists call 'conformist bias'." Until recently, this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans.
Between 2008 and 2009, Lachlan's team recorded the songs of 615 swamp sparrows across the northeastern United States. The study found that only 2% of these sparrows sang a different song, while the other sparrows sang songs just from their list. "The song types that you hear in the wetlands of North America today were there 1,000 years ago," says Lachlan.
▲ Now scientists are exploring how losing habitat（栖息地）affects songbirds. Cities and roads can break up a bird population into a number of isolated（孤立的）groups. It stops birds from sharing their songs with each other. This explains why some sparrows started to sing different songs.
" The findings are really exciting," says scientist Andrew Farnsworth. He hopes people will start more studies. For example, scientists might learn how other animals keep their cultural traditions alive（继续存在）. Farnsworth adds, "It's really cool to think this could happen in other animals too."
10. What is special about swamp sparrows?
A. They can sing many songs.
B. They learn songs from humans.
C. They help elders make new songs.
D. They keep the same song list for years.
11. What is "conformist bias" in Paragraph 3?
A. A song list.
B. A science team.
C. A learning ability.
D. A human tradition.
12. 特色考法信息还原题 Which of the following can be put in the ▲?
A. However, a few sparrows changed their song list.
B. In fact, recording bird songs is an interesting job.
C. So protecting these sparrows is an important task.
D. For example, the ability is also found in other animals.
13. How may losing habitat affect songbirds?
A. It helps birds learn songs faster.
B. It stops birds from communicating.
C. It makes birds share songs freely.
D. It teaches birds to build better homes.
14. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Copy music from birds
B. Protect traditional songs
C. The 1,000-year bird songs
D. The home-losing animals
「2026湖北武汉洪山期中」
Every summer, thousands of swamp sparrows（沼泽麻雀）sing songs in the North America's wetlands. These special brown birds only know a few songs, but they sing them very well. In fact, their song list doesn't change much at all.
Like humans, baby swamp sparrows learn songs from their elders. "Swamp sparrows just make few mistakes when they learn their songs," says biologist Robert Lachlan. Actually, they copy the music so well that it stays the same from the elder to the young.
" Just like children, the sparrows don't remember every song they hear," Lachlan says. "They just pick up the songs they hear most often. It's an example of what scientists call 'conformist bias'." Until recently, this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans.
Between 2008 and 2009, Lachlan's team recorded the songs of 615 swamp sparrows across the northeastern United States. The study found that only 2% of these sparrows sang a different song, while the other sparrows sang songs just from their list. "The song types that you hear in the wetlands of North America today were there 1,000 years ago," says Lachlan.
▲ Now scientists are exploring how losing habitat（栖息地）affects songbirds. Cities and roads can break up a bird population into a number of isolated（孤立的）groups. It stops birds from sharing their songs with each other. This explains why some sparrows started to sing different songs.
" The findings are really exciting," says scientist Andrew Farnsworth. He hopes people will start more studies. For example, scientists might learn how other animals keep their cultural traditions alive（继续存在）. Farnsworth adds, "It's really cool to think this could happen in other animals too."
10. What is special about swamp sparrows?
A. They can sing many songs.
B. They learn songs from humans.
C. They help elders make new songs.
D. They keep the same song list for years.
11. What is "conformist bias" in Paragraph 3?
A. A song list.
B. A science team.
C. A learning ability.
D. A human tradition.
12. 特色考法信息还原题 Which of the following can be put in the ▲?
A. However, a few sparrows changed their song list.
B. In fact, recording bird songs is an interesting job.
C. So protecting these sparrows is an important task.
D. For example, the ability is also found in other animals.
13. How may losing habitat affect songbirds?
A. It helps birds learn songs faster.
B. It stops birds from communicating.
C. It makes birds share songs freely.
D. It teaches birds to build better homes.
14. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Copy music from birds
B. Protect traditional songs
C. The 1,000-year bird songs
D. The home-losing animals
答案：Ⅳ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了北美湿地的沼泽麻雀独特的歌唱特性。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In fact, their song list doesn’t change much at all.”以及第四段中“The song types that you hear...1,000 years ago”可知,沼泽麻雀的特别之处在于它们的歌曲列表多年来保持不变。故选D。
11.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’s an example of what scientists call ‘conformist bias’.”以及“this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans”可推知,“conformist bias”是一种学习能力。故选C。
12.A 信息还原题。前文提到大部分沼泽麻雀的歌曲保持不变,后文转而说明栖息地丧失导致部分麻雀开始唱不同的歌,设空处需要一个过渡句引出“歌曲变化”的话题。A项“然而,少数麻雀改变了它们的歌曲列表”符合上下文逻辑。故选A。
13.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Cities and roads can break up a bird population into a number of isolated groups. It stops birds from sharing their songs with each other.”可知,栖息地丧失会使一个鸟类种群分成许多孤立的群体,阻碍它们交流。故选B。
14.C 最佳标题题。文章围绕沼泽麻雀千年来基本不变的歌曲列表展开,介绍了它们的学习方式、歌曲传承特点以及栖息地变化对歌曲列表的影响。故选C。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In fact, their song list doesn’t change much at all.”以及第四段中“The song types that you hear...1,000 years ago”可知,沼泽麻雀的特别之处在于它们的歌曲列表多年来保持不变。故选D。
11.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’s an example of what scientists call ‘conformist bias’.”以及“this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans”可推知,“conformist bias”是一种学习能力。故选C。
12.A 信息还原题。前文提到大部分沼泽麻雀的歌曲保持不变,后文转而说明栖息地丧失导致部分麻雀开始唱不同的歌,设空处需要一个过渡句引出“歌曲变化”的话题。A项“然而,少数麻雀改变了它们的歌曲列表”符合上下文逻辑。故选A。
13.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Cities and roads can break up a bird population into a number of isolated groups. It stops birds from sharing their songs with each other.”可知,栖息地丧失会使一个鸟类种群分成许多孤立的群体,阻碍它们交流。故选B。
14.C 最佳标题题。文章围绕沼泽麻雀千年来基本不变的歌曲列表展开,介绍了它们的学习方式、歌曲传承特点以及栖息地变化对歌曲列表的影响。故选C。
解析：
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解、词义猜测、信息还原、主旨大意四类常见题型。解题时，需针对不同题型采用对应方法：细节题需定位原文关键信息；词义猜测题结合上下文语境推断；信息还原题分析前后文逻辑衔接；主旨题梳理全文核心内容。
【解析】
10. 细节理解题：根据第一段“In fact, their song list doesn’t change much at all.”及第四段“The song types that you hear in the wetlands of North America today were there 1,000 years ago”，可知沼泽麻雀的特别之处是歌曲列表多年保持不变，故选D。
11. 词义猜测题：第三段提到“this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans”，前文指出麻雀学习歌曲的方式是“conformist bias”的例子，由此推断该短语指一种学习能力，故选C。
12. 信息还原题：设空处前文说明大部分沼泽麻雀的歌曲保持不变，后文转折说明栖息地丧失导致部分麻雀唱不同的歌，A项“然而，少数麻雀改变了它们的歌曲列表”可承上启下，衔接上下文，故选A。
13. 细节理解题：根据第五段“Cities and roads can break up a bird population into a number of isolated groups. It stops birds from sharing their songs with each other.”，可知栖息地丧失会使鸟类种群孤立，阻碍它们交流，故选B。
14. 主旨大意题：全文围绕北美沼泽麻雀千年来基本不变的歌曲列表展开，介绍其歌曲学习、传承特点及栖息地变化的影响，C项“千年不变的鸟鸣”最贴合主旨，故选C。
【答案】10.D 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本文是关于沼泽麻雀歌曲传承的说明文，考查初中英语阅读核心题型，要求学生具备信息定位、逻辑分析及主旨概括能力，是典型的期中检测类阅读题。
【难度系数】0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解、词义猜测、信息还原、主旨大意四类常见题型。解题时，需针对不同题型采用对应方法：细节题需定位原文关键信息；词义猜测题结合上下文语境推断；信息还原题分析前后文逻辑衔接；主旨题梳理全文核心内容。
【解析】
10. 细节理解题：根据第一段“In fact, their song list doesn’t change much at all.”及第四段“The song types that you hear in the wetlands of North America today were there 1,000 years ago”，可知沼泽麻雀的特别之处是歌曲列表多年保持不变，故选D。
11. 词义猜测题：第三段提到“this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans”，前文指出麻雀学习歌曲的方式是“conformist bias”的例子，由此推断该短语指一种学习能力，故选C。
12. 信息还原题：设空处前文说明大部分沼泽麻雀的歌曲保持不变，后文转折说明栖息地丧失导致部分麻雀唱不同的歌，A项“然而，少数麻雀改变了它们的歌曲列表”可承上启下，衔接上下文，故选A。
13. 细节理解题：根据第五段“Cities and roads can break up a bird population into a number of isolated groups. It stops birds from sharing their songs with each other.”，可知栖息地丧失会使鸟类种群孤立，阻碍它们交流，故选B。
14. 主旨大意题：全文围绕北美沼泽麻雀千年来基本不变的歌曲列表展开，介绍其歌曲学习、传承特点及栖息地变化的影响，C项“千年不变的鸟鸣”最贴合主旨，故选C。
【答案】10.D 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本文是关于沼泽麻雀歌曲传承的说明文，考查初中英语阅读核心题型，要求学生具备信息定位、逻辑分析及主旨概括能力，是典型的期中检测类阅读题。
【难度系数】0.6