二、阅读短文，从方框中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项
Have you ever received extra support from a teacher or coach who believed you were born to be successful? And did this person’s expectations (期待) and actions give you the confidence you needed to succeed? If so, then you have learnt about the Pygmalion effect (皮格马利翁效应).
The Pygmalion effect means expectations will influence a person’s performance (表现). 1 He found that students whom teachers expected to do well made much greater progress than others.
The idea behind the Pygmalion effect is that people rise or fall to meet the expectations set for them. On the one hand, when someone is expected to be perfect, they are more likely to get the resources they need to succeed. 2 On the other hand, when someone is thought of as less capable (能力不足), they may miss a lot of chances and resources, which can result in poorer performance and less success. 3
This effect can be seen in different environments. In the workplace, managers who have high expectations for their workers will be more supportive and provide better chances for their growth and development. 4 Similarly, coaches are more willing to spend extra time with athletes who they consider gifted. The extra attention helps these athletes spend more time practising their skills, so they improve faster than the other athletes. In both cases, the key is not only to have high expectations but also to communicate those expectations and create a supportive environment.
5 And we can use this effect in our own lives by having high expectations for ourselves and those around us.
1.
Have you ever received extra support from a teacher or coach who believed you were born to be successful? And did this person’s expectations (期待) and actions give you the confidence you needed to succeed? If so, then you have learnt about the Pygmalion effect (皮格马利翁效应).
The Pygmalion effect means expectations will influence a person’s performance (表现). 1 He found that students whom teachers expected to do well made much greater progress than others.
The idea behind the Pygmalion effect is that people rise or fall to meet the expectations set for them. On the one hand, when someone is expected to be perfect, they are more likely to get the resources they need to succeed. 2 On the other hand, when someone is thought of as less capable (能力不足), they may miss a lot of chances and resources, which can result in poorer performance and less success. 3
This effect can be seen in different environments. In the workplace, managers who have high expectations for their workers will be more supportive and provide better chances for their growth and development. 4 Similarly, coaches are more willing to spend extra time with athletes who they consider gifted. The extra attention helps these athletes spend more time practising their skills, so they improve faster than the other athletes. In both cases, the key is not only to have high expectations but also to communicate those expectations and create a supportive environment.
5 And we can use this effect in our own lives by having high expectations for ourselves and those around us.
1.
F
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. C
答案：1.F 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C
解析：
【分析】
这是一道英语七选五题型，需结合上下文的指代关系、逻辑衔接及段落结构选择答案。解题思路如下：
1. 第1空：前文介绍皮格马利翁效应的定义，后文出现指代人的“He”，需补充该效应的发现者信息，对应介绍发现者的选项；
2. 第2空：前文阐述被高期待时会获得成功所需资源，后文转折说明被低期待的结果，此处需衔接正面结果的表述；
3. 第3空：前文分别说明高期待和低期待的不同影响，需总结这种双向影响的逻辑闭环；
4. 第4空：前文讲职场中经理高期待的场景，后文讲教练的类似情况，此处需总结职场环境的结果；
5. 第5空：后文说明可运用该效应，需引出运用该效应的主体（老师）。
【解析】
1. 第1空：后文“He found that...”中的“He”指代F选项的“Robert Rosenthal”，F选项介绍了该效应的发现者及研究，故1选F；
2. 第2空：前文“被高期待会获得成功资源”对应B选项“带来更好表现和更大成功”，形成顺承逻辑，故2选B；
3. 第3空：前文分别阐述高、低期待的结果，A选项“形成一种循环”总结了这种双向影响的闭环，故3选A；
4. 第4空：前文“职场经理高期待的环境”对应D选项“这种环境带来更好的工作表现”，衔接职场场景，故4选D；
5. 第5空：后文“运用该效应”对应C选项“老师可通过设定期待和支持帮助学生”，引出运用主体，故5选C。
【答案】
1.F 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解；七选五题型；语篇逻辑衔接
【点评】
本题围绕皮格马利翁效应展开，考查学生对语篇上下文逻辑、指代关系及段落结构的理解能力，需准确把握句子间的顺承、总结等逻辑关系，是中等难度的语篇理解类题目。
【难度系数】
0.5
这是一道英语七选五题型，需结合上下文的指代关系、逻辑衔接及段落结构选择答案。解题思路如下：
1. 第1空：前文介绍皮格马利翁效应的定义，后文出现指代人的“He”，需补充该效应的发现者信息，对应介绍发现者的选项；
2. 第2空：前文阐述被高期待时会获得成功所需资源，后文转折说明被低期待的结果，此处需衔接正面结果的表述；
3. 第3空：前文分别说明高期待和低期待的不同影响，需总结这种双向影响的逻辑闭环；
4. 第4空：前文讲职场中经理高期待的场景，后文讲教练的类似情况，此处需总结职场环境的结果；
5. 第5空：后文说明可运用该效应，需引出运用该效应的主体（老师）。
【解析】
1. 第1空：后文“He found that...”中的“He”指代F选项的“Robert Rosenthal”，F选项介绍了该效应的发现者及研究，故1选F；
2. 第2空：前文“被高期待会获得成功资源”对应B选项“带来更好表现和更大成功”，形成顺承逻辑，故2选B；
3. 第3空：前文分别阐述高、低期待的结果，A选项“形成一种循环”总结了这种双向影响的闭环，故3选A；
4. 第4空：前文“职场经理高期待的环境”对应D选项“这种环境带来更好的工作表现”，衔接职场场景，故4选D；
5. 第5空：后文“运用该效应”对应C选项“老师可通过设定期待和支持帮助学生”，引出运用主体，故5选C。
【答案】
1.F 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解；七选五题型；语篇逻辑衔接
【点评】
本题围绕皮格马利翁效应展开，考查学生对语篇上下文逻辑、指代关系及段落结构的理解能力，需准确把握句子间的顺承、总结等逻辑关系，是中等难度的语篇理解类题目。
【难度系数】
0.5