解:
(1)设A种饰品每件的进价为$a$元,则B种饰品每件的进价为$(a - 1)$元,
由题意得$\frac{1400}{a}=\frac{630}{a - 1}\times2,$
方程两边同乘$a(a - 1)$得:$1400(a - 1)=630\times2a,$
去括号得:$1400a - 1400 = 1260a,$
移项得:$1400a - 1260a = 1400,$
合并同类项得:$140a = 1400,$
系数化为$1$得:$a = 10.$
经检验,$a = 10$是所列方程的解,且符合题意,$a - 1 = 9.$
答:A种饰品每件的进价为10元,B种饰品每件的进价为9元.
(2)①由题意得$\begin{cases}600 - x\geq390 \\ 600 - x\leq4x \end{cases},$
解不等式$600 - x\geq390,$移项得$-x\geq390 - 600,$即$-x\geq - 210,$解得$x\leq210;$
解不等式$600 - x\leq4x,$移项得$-x - 4x\leq - 600,$即$-5x\leq - 600,$解得$x\geq120.$
$\therefore x$的取值范围为$120\leq x\leq210,$且$x$为整数.
②设采购A种饰品$x$件时总利润为$w$元,
当$120\leq x\leq150$时,$w = 15\times600 - 10x - 9(600 - x)=9000 - 10x - 5400 + 9x=-x + 3600,$
$\because - 1\lt0,$$\therefore w$随$x$的增大而减小,
$\therefore$当$x = 120$时,$w$有最大值,是$-120 + 3600 = 3480;$
当$150\lt x\leq210$时,$w = 15\times600 - [10\times150 + 10\times60\%(x - 150)] - 9(600 - x)=9000-(1500 + 6x - 900)-5400 + 9x=9000 - 1500 - 6x + 900 - 5400 + 9x = 3x + 3000,$
$\because3\gt0,$$\therefore w$随$x$的增大而增大,
$\therefore$当$x = 210$时,$w$有最大值,是$3\times210 + 3000 = 3630.$
$\because3630\gt3480,$$\therefore w$的最大值是3630,
此时$600 - x = 600 - 210 = 390.$
答:当采购A种饰品210件,B种饰品390件时,能让这次采购的饰品获利最大,最大利润为3630元.