解:$(2)$设$P(x,$$y)$
根据题意,得$\begin {cases}x + 5y = 3 \\5x + y = -9 \end {cases},$解得$\begin {cases}{x =-2}\\{ y = 1}\end {cases}$
∴点$P $的坐标为$(-2,$$1)$
$(3) $∵点$P(a,$$b)$在$x$轴的正半轴上,∴$b = 0,$$a>0$
则点$P $的坐标为$(a,$$0),$此时点$P'$的坐标为$(a,$$ka)$
∴$PP'=\vert ka - 0\vert =\vert ka\vert ,$$OP = a$
根据题意,得$\vert PP'\vert = 2\vert OP\vert ,$即$\vert ka\vert = 2a$
∵$a>0,$两边同时除以$a$得$\vert k\vert = 2,$∴$k = \pm 2$