$(1)$证明:∵$DG $垂直平分$CE,$∴$DE = DC$
∵$AD$是$\triangle ABC$的高,∴$∠ADB = 90°$
又∵$CE$是$\triangle ABC$的中线
∴在$Rt\triangle ADB$中,$DE$是斜边$AB$上的中线
∴$DE = BE=\frac 12\ \mathrm {A}B$
∴$DC = BE$
$(2)$解:由$(1)$得$DE = DC = BE$
∴$∠DEC = ∠BCE,$$∠B = ∠EDB$
∵$∠EDB = ∠DEC+∠BCE,$∴$∠B = 2∠BCE$
∵$∠AEC = ∠B + ∠BCE,$∴$∠AEC = 3∠BCE$
又$∠AEC = 72°$
∴$3∠BCE=72°,$解得$∠BCE = 24°$