解:∵点$P(x,$$y)$经过变换$\tau$得到的对应点
$P'(x,$$y')$与点$P $关于原点对称
∴$\tau (x,$$y)=(-x,$$-y)$
由题意,点$P $的坐标为$(x,$$2x)$
∴$\tau (x,$$2x)=(-x,$$-2x)$
∴$\begin {cases}-x = ax + 2bx\\-2x = ax - 2bx\end {cases},$即$\begin {cases}(-1 - a - 2b)x = 0\\(-2 - a + 2b)x = 0\end {cases}$
∵$x$为任意实数
∴$\begin {cases}-1 - a - 2b = 0\\-2 - a + 2b = 0\end {cases},$解得$\begin {cases}{a = -\frac 32}\\{b = \frac 14}\end {cases}$
∴$a$的值为$-\frac 32,$$b$的值为$\frac 14$