解:$(2)$由$(1)$得点$A$的坐标为$(2,$$0),$点$B$的坐标为$(0,$$-6),$$∠DAE = 45°,$则$OB = 6$
∴线段$AD$先向左平移$2$个单位长度,再向下平移$6$个单位长度得到线段$BC$
$ $又点$D$的坐标为$(6,$$4),$∴点$C$的坐标为$(4,$$-2)$
由平移的性质,得$AD// BC,$∴$∠BEO=∠DAE = 45°$
$ $又$∠BEO+∠OBE = 90°$
∴$∠OBE = 90°-∠BEO = 45°,$即$∠BEO=∠OBE$
∴$OE = OB = 6。$又点$E$在$x$轴的正半轴上,∴点$E$的坐标为$(6,$$0)$
$ (3)$由$(2)$得$∠BEO = 45°。$∵$P A>AE,$∴分类讨论如下:
① 如图①,当点$P $在点$A$的左侧时,连接$P C$
∵$∠P CB=∠AP C+∠BEO,$∴$∠P CB-∠AP C = 45°$
② 如图②,当点$P $在点$E$的右侧时,连接$CP$
∵$∠BEO+∠PEC = 180°,$∴$∠PEC = 180°-∠BEO = 135°$
又$∠P CB=∠PEC+∠AP C,$∴$∠P CB-∠AP C = 135°$
综上,$∠AP C$与$∠P CB$之间的数量关系是$∠P CB-∠AP C = 45°$
或$∠P CB-∠AP C = 135°$