$(1)$证明:∵$AD$平分$∠BAC,$$DE\perp AB,$$DF\perp AC,$∴$DE = DF$
∵$S_{\triangle ADB}=\frac 12\ \mathrm {A}B·DE,$$S_{\triangle ADC}=\frac 12\ \mathrm {A}C·DF$
∴$S_{\triangle ADB}∶S_{\triangle ADC}=AB∶AC$
$(2)$证明:如图①,过点$A$作$AH\perp BD$于点$H,$过点$D$分别
作$DE\perp AF,$$DG\perp AC,$垂足分别为$E,$$G$
又$AD$平分$∠F AC,$∴$DE = DG$
又$S_{\triangle ABD}=\frac 12\ \mathrm {A}B·DE,$$S_{\triangle ACD}=\frac 12\ \mathrm {A}C·DG$
∴$S_{\triangle ABD}∶S_{\triangle ACD}=AB∶AC$
又$S_{\triangle ABD}=\frac 12BD·AH,$$S_{\triangle ACD}=\frac 12CD·AH$
∴$S_{\triangle ABD}∶S_{\triangle ACD}=BD∶CD,$即$AB∶AC = BD∶CD$
$(3)$证明:如图②,延长$BE$至点$M,$使$EM = DC,$连接$AM$
∵$AB$平分$∠DAE,$∴$∠DAC=∠BAE$
∵$∠D+∠AEB = 180°,$$∠AEB+∠AEM = 180°,$∴$∠D=∠AEM$
又$AD = AE,$∴$\triangle ADC≌\triangle AEM(S AS)$
∴$∠DAC=∠EAM=∠BAE,$$AC = AM,$即$AE$为$∠BAM$的平分线
易得$S_{\triangle ABE}∶S_{\triangle AEM}=AB∶AM = BE∶EM$
∴$BE∶CD = AB∶AC$