第44页

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证明:过点$C$作$CE\perp AB$于点$E,$作$CF\perp BD$交$BD$的延长线于点$F。$
因为$\angle ABC = \angle DBC = 45^{\circ},$所以$BC$为$\angle ABD$的平分线,根据角平分线的性质可得$CE = CF。$
在四边形$BECF$中,$\angle EBF=\angle ABC+\angle DBC = 90^{\circ},$$\angle BEC = 90^{\circ},$$\angle BFC = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle ECF = 90^{\circ}。$
又因为$\angle ACD = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle ACE+\angle ECD=\angle FCD+\angle ECD,$即$\angle ACE = \angle FCD。$
在$\triangle ACE$和$\triangle DCF$中,$\begin{cases}CE = CF\\\angle CEA=\angle CFD = 90^{\circ}\\\angle ACE=\angle FCD\end{cases},$所以$\triangle ACE\cong\triangle DCF(ASA),$所以$DC = AC。$
(1)证明:过点$A$作$AF\perp AE$交$BE$于点$F。$
因为$\angle AEB = 45^{\circ},$$\angle FAE = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle AFE=180^{\circ}-90^{\circ}-45^{\circ}=45^{\circ},$则$\triangle AEF$是等腰直角三角形,所以$AE = AF。$
因为$\angle BAC = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle BAF+\angle FAD=\angle EAC+\angle FAD = 90^{\circ},$即$\angle BAF=\angle EAC。$
又因为$AB = AC,$所以$\triangle ABF\cong\triangle ACE(SAS),$所以$\angle ABE=\angle ACE。$
因为$\angle ADB=\angle EDC,$$\angle ABE + \angle ADB = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle ACE+\angle EDC = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle BEC = 90^{\circ},$即$CE\perp BD。$
(2)证明:过点$A$作$AF\perp AE$交$CE$的延长线于点$F。$
因为$\angle AEC = 135^{\circ},$所以$\angle AEF = 45^{\circ},$又$\angle FAE = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle AFE=180^{\circ}-90^{\circ}-45^{\circ}=45^{\circ},$则$\triangle AEF$是等腰直角三角形,所以$AE = AF。$
因为$\angle BAC = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle BAE+\angle EAC=\angle FAC+\angle EAC = 90^{\circ},$即$\angle BAE=\angle FAC。$
又因为$AB = AC,$所以$\triangle ABE\cong\triangle ACF(SAS),$所以$\angle ABE=\angle ACE。$
因为$\angle ADB=\angle EDC,$$\angle ABE+\angle ADB = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle ACE+\angle EDC = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle BEC = 90^{\circ},$即$CE\perp BD。$
解:$ (1) $
因为$\triangle ABC$和$\triangle DCE$都是等腰直角三角形,所以$\angle CDE=\angle CED = 45^{\circ},$$\angle CAB=\angle CBA = 45^{\circ},$则$\angle CDE=\angle CAB,$所以$DE// AB。$
因为$M$为$BE$的中点,在$\triangle MDE$和$\triangle MNB$中,$\begin{cases}\angle DME=\angle NMB\\\angle DEM=\angle NBM\\ME = MB\end{cases},$所以$\triangle MDE\cong\triangle MNB(ASA),$所以$DE = BN = DC,$$DM = MN。$
因为$\triangle ABC$为等腰直角三角形,所以$AC = AB,$$AC - DC=AB - BN,$即$AN = AD。$
在等腰直角$\triangle ADN$中,$M$为$DN$的中点,根据等腰直角三角形三线合一的性质,可得$AM\perp DM,$$AM = DM。$
$ (2) $
延长$DM$交$BC$于$N,$连接$AN,$$AD。$
因为$\angle DEC+\angle BCE = 180^{\circ},$所以$DE// BC。$
在$\triangle MDE$和$\triangle MNB$中,$\begin{cases}\angle DME=\angle NMB\\\angle DEM=\angle NBM\\ME = MB\end{cases},$所以$\triangle MDE\cong\triangle MNB(ASA),$所以$BN = DE = DC,$$DM = MN。$
在$\triangle ABN$和$\triangle ACD$中,$\begin{cases}AB = AC\\\angle ABN=\angle ACD = 45^{\circ}\\BN = DC\end{cases},$所以$\triangle ABN\cong\triangle ACD(SAS),$所以$\angle BAN=\angle CAD,$$AN = AD。$
因为$\angle BAN+\angle CAN = 90^{\circ},$所以$\angle CAD+\angle CAN = 90^{\circ},$即$\triangle ADN$为等腰直角三角形。
在等腰直角三角形$ADN$中,$M$为$DN$的中点,根据等腰直角三角形三线合一的性质,可得$AM\perp DM,$$AM = DM。$
$ (3) $
$AM\perp DM,$$AM = DM。$