第151页

信息发布者:
解:
(1)根据题意得,购进丙种图书$(20 - x - y)$套,则有$500x + 400y+250(20 - x - y)=7700,$
$500x + 400y + 5000-250x - 250y = 7700,$
$250x + 150y=7700 - 5000,$
$250x + 150y = 2700,$
两边同时除以$50$得$5x + 3y = 54,$
移项得$3y=-5x + 54,$
函数表达式为$y =-\frac{5}{3}x + 18。$
(2)根据题意,得$-\frac{5}{3}x + 18\geqslant1,$
$-\frac{5}{3}x\geqslant1 - 18,$
$-\frac{5}{3}x\geqslant - 17,$
$x\leqslant\frac{51}{5}=10\frac{1}{5},$
又$\because x\geqslant1,$$\therefore1\leqslant x\leqslant10\frac{1}{5}。$
$\because x,$$y,$$(20 - x - y)$为正整数,
当$x = 3$时,$y=-\frac{5}{3}×3 + 18=-5 + 18 = 13,$$20 - 3 - 13 = 4;$
当$x = 6$时,$y=-\frac{5}{3}×6 + 18=-10 + 18 = 8,$$20 - 6 - 8 = 6;$
当$x = 9$时,$y=-\frac{5}{3}×9 + 18=-15 + 18 = 3,$$20 - 9 - 3 = 8。$
即有三种进货方案:
①甲、乙、丙三种图书分别为$3$套,$13$套,$4$套;
②甲、乙、丙三种图书分别为$6$套,$8$套,$6$套;
③甲、乙、丙三种图书分别为$9$套,$3$套,$8$套。
(3)进货方案是甲种图书$6$套,乙种图书$8$套,丙种图书$6$套,$a = 10。$
解析:若按方案一,则有$13a-4a = 20,$$9a = 20,$解得$a=\frac{20}{9}$(不是正整数,不符合题意,舍去);
若按方案二,则有$8a-6a = 20,$$2a = 20,$解得$a = 10$(符合题意);
若按方案三,则有$3a-8a = 20,$$-5a = 20,$解得$a=-4$(不是正整数,不符合题意,舍去)。
$\therefore$进货方案是甲种图书$6$套,乙种图书$8$套,丙种图书$6$套,$a = 10。$
150
解: (2)由题意,得$a=(325 - 75×2.5)\div(125 - 75)=(325 - 187.5)\div50 = 137.5\div50 = 2.75,$
$\therefore a + 0.25=2.75 + 0.25 = 3。$
易知线段$OA$的表达式为$y_1 = 2.5x(0\leqslant x\leqslant75)。$
设线段$AB$的表达式为$y_2 = k_2x + b,$由题图,得$\begin{cases}75×2.5 = 75k_2 + b\\325 = 125k_2 + b\end{cases},$
用$325 = 125k_2 + b$减去$75×2.5 = 75k_2 + b$得:
$325-75×2.5=(125k_2 + b)-(75k_2 + b),$
$325 - 187.5 = 125k_2 + b - 75k_2 - b,$
$137.5 = 50k_2,$
解得$k_2 = 2.75,$
把$k_2 = 2.75$代入$75×2.5 = 75k_2 + b$得$187.5 = 75×2.75 + b,$
$187.5 = 206.25 + b,$
$b = 187.5 - 206.25=-18.75,$
$\therefore$线段$AB$的表达式为$y_2 = 2.75x-18.75(75\lt x\leqslant125)。$
$\because(385 - 325)\div(145 - 125)=60\div20 = 3,$$\therefore C(145,385)。$
设射线$BC$的表达式为$y_3 = k_3x + b_1,$由题图,得$\begin{cases}325 = 125k_3 + b_1\\385 = 145k_3 + b_1\end{cases},$
用$385 = 145k_3 + b_1$减去$325 = 125k_3 + b_1$得:
$385 - 325=(145k_3 + b_1)-(125k_3 + b_1),$
$60 = 145k_3 + b_1 - 125k_3 - b_1,$
$60 = 20k_3,$
解得$k_3 = 3,$
把$k_3 = 3$代入$325 = 125k_3 + b_1$得$325 = 125×3 + b_1,$
$325 = 375 + b_1,$
$b_1 = 325 - 375=-50,$
$\therefore$射线$BC$的表达式为$y_3 = 3x-50(x\gt125)。$
综上,$y$与$x$之间的函数表达式为$y=\begin{cases}2.5x(0\leqslant x\leqslant75)\\2.75x-18.75(75\lt x\leqslant125)\\3x-50(x\gt125)\end{cases}。$
(3)设乙用户$2$月份用气$x$立方米,则$3$月份用气$(175 - x)$立方米,
当$x\gt125,$$175 - x\leqslant75$时,$3x-50 + 2.5(175 - x)=455,$
$3x-50 + 437.5 - 2.5x = 455,$
$0.5x=455 - 437.5 + 50,$
$0.5x = 67.5,$
解得$x = 135,$$175 - 135 = 40,$符合题意;
当$75\lt x\leqslant125,$$75\lt175 - x\leqslant125$时,$2.75x-18.75 + 2.75(175 - x)-18.75 = 455,$
$2.75x-18.75 + 481.25 - 2.75x-18.75 = 455,$
$481.25-37.5 = 455,$此方程无解。
$\therefore$乙用户$2$、$3$月份的用气量分别为$135$立方米、$40$立方米。
2400
5
160
解:
(3)根据题意知图象经过点$(40,2400),$将$(40,2400)$代入$y = kx + 400$得$2400 = 40k+400,$
$40k=2400 - 400,$
$40k = 2000,$
解得$k = 50。$