证明: (1)连接OE。
∵BE是⊙O的切线,
∴OB⊥BE,即$\angle OBE = 90^\circ。$
在△OEC和△OEB中,
$\begin{cases} OC = OB \\ OE = OE \\ CE = BE \end{cases},$
∴△OEC≌△OEB(SSS)。
∴$\angle OCE = \angle OBE = 90^\circ。$
∵OC是⊙O的半径,
∴EF是⊙O的切线。
(2)设$OA = OC = r,$则$OF = OA + AF = r + 10。$
∵OC⊥CE,
∴$\angle OCF = 90^\circ。$
在Rt△OCF中,$\sin F = \frac{OC}{OF} = \frac{1}{3},$
∴$OF = 3OC,$即$r + 10 = 3r,$解得$r = 5。$
∴$OA = OC = 5,$$AB = CD = 10,$$OF = 15,$$BF = 20。$
在Rt△OCF中,$CF = \sqrt{OF^2 - OC^2} = \sqrt{15^2 - 5^2} = 10\sqrt{2}。$
∵$\angle OCF = \angle OBE = 90^\circ,$$\angle F = \angle F,$
∴△OCF∽△EBF。
∴$\frac{CF}{BF} = \frac{OF}{EF},$即$\frac{10\sqrt{2}}{20} = \frac{15}{EF},$解得$EF = 15\sqrt{2}。$
∴$CE = EF - CF = 5\sqrt{2}。$
在Rt△CDE中,$DE = \sqrt{CE^2 + CD^2} = \sqrt{(5\sqrt{2})^2 + 10^2} = 5\sqrt{6}。$