解:
$ (1) $由图可知,金属块的重力$ G = 3.2\ \mathrm {N} ,$浸没在液体中时弹簧测力计的示数$ F_{拉} = 2.6\ \mathrm {N} $
$ F_{浮} = G - F_{拉} = 3.2\ \mathrm {N} - 2.6\ \mathrm {N} = 0.6\ \mathrm {N} $
$ V_{排} = 50\ \mathrm {mL} = 50\ \mathrm {cm}^3 = 5 × 10^{-5}\ \mathrm {m^3} $
$ $由$ F_{浮} = ρ_{液}\ \mathrm {g} V_{排} $可得液体的密度:
$ ρ_{液} = \frac {F_{浮}}{g V_{排}} = \frac {0.6\ \mathrm {N}}{10\ \mathrm {N/kg} × 5 × 10^{-5}\ \mathrm {m^3}} = 1.2 × 10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m}^3 $
$ (2)m = \frac {G}{g} = \frac {3.2\ \mathrm {N}}{10\ \mathrm {N/kg}} = 0.32\ \mathrm {kg}$
$ V = V_{排} = 5 × 10^{-5}\ \mathrm {m^3} $
$ρ_{金} = \frac {m}{V} = \frac {0.32\ \mathrm {kg}}{5 × 10^{-5}\ \mathrm {m^3}} = 6.4 × 10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m}^3$
答:
$ (1) $该液体的密度为$ 1.2 × 10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m}^3 ;$
$ (2) $实心金属块的密度为$ 6.4 × 10^3\ \mathrm {kg/m}^3 $