解:
$ (1)$设原数据的平均数为$\overline {x},$
则新数据$x_{1}+10,x_{2}+10,\dots ,x_{n}+10$的平均数为$\overline {x}+10$
$ $方差$s_{1}^2=\frac {1}{n}[(x_{1}+10-(\overline {x}+10))^2+(x_{2}+10-(\overline {x}+10))^2+\dots +(x_{n}+10-(\overline {x}+10))^2]$
$ =\frac {1}{n}[(x_{1}-\overline {x})^2+(x_{2}-\overline {x})^2+\dots +(x_{n}-\overline {x})^2]=s^2$
$ (2)$新数据$2x_{1},2x_{2},\dots ,2x_{n}$的平均数为$2\overline {x}$
$ $方差$s_{2}^2=\frac {1}{n}[(2x_{1}-2\overline {x})^2+(2x_{2}-2\overline {x})^2+\dots +(2x_{n}-2\overline {x})^2]$
$ =\frac {1}{n}[4(x_{1}-\overline {x})^2+4(x_{2}-\overline {x})^2+\dots +4(x_{n}-\overline {x})^2]=4s^2$
$ (3)$由$(1)(2)$的规律,数据$3x_{1}+2,3x_{2}+2,\dots ,3x_{n}+2$的方差为$9s^2$