解:
$ (1)$除$Rt\bigtriangleup ABC ≌ Rt\bigtriangleup ADE$之外,
还有$\bigtriangleup ADC ≌ \bigtriangleup ABE,$$\bigtriangleup CDF ≌ \bigtriangleup EBF。$
$ (2)$证明:
由$Rt△ABC≌Rt△ADE$得
$AC=AE$
$AD=AB$
$∠CAB=∠EAD$
$∠ACB=∠AED$
∴$∠CAB-∠DAB=∠EAD-∠DAB$
即$∠CAD=∠BAE$
在$△ACD$和$△AEB$中:
$\begin {cases}{AC=AE} \\{∠CAD=∠BAE} \\{AD=AB}\end {cases}$
∴$△ACD≌△AEB(\mathrm {SAS})$
∴$CD=EB$
$∠ACD=∠AEB$
∴$∠ACB-∠ACD=∠AED-∠AEB$
即$∠DCF=∠BEF$
在$△CDF $和$△EBF_{中}$:
$\begin {cases}{∠DFC=∠BFE}\\{∠DCF=∠BEF}\\{CD=EB}\end {cases}$
∴$△CDE≌△BEF(\mathrm {AAS})$
∴$CF=EF$