解:$ (1)$设$a^2+2a=M$,
$ $原式$=(M+2)M+1 = M^2+2M+1 = (M+1)^2$,
$ $将$M$还原得,原式$=(a^2+2a+1)^2=(a+1)^4$。
$ (2)$设$n^2+3n=M$,
$ $原式$=\frac {(n^2+3n+2)(n^2+3n)+1}{n^2+3n+1} = \frac {(M+2)M+1}{M+1} = \frac {M^2+2M+1}{M+1} = \frac {(M+1)^2}{M+1} = M+1$,
$ $将$M$还原,得原式$=n^2+3n+1$。