E(2025·山东菏泽)
Because of modern medicine, millions of people now live longer, healthier lives, and we are developing new ways to fight diseases (疾病) all the time. 1
In the past, most people worked on their feet and moved their bodies all day, so they had lots of exercise. 2 Today, many people sit in front of a computer all day at work, and often eat a lot of sweet foods, or foods that are made in factories. This can be a big danger to their health.
The disease that causes most deaths in the world today—three in every ten—is heart disease. But many of these deaths need not happen, and are caused because people have not exercised or eaten well enough. Not exercising, or eating unhealthy food, can sometimes cause another dangerous disease—diabetes (糖尿病). 3 In the last twenty years, there has been a big rise in the number of deaths from diabetes.
Smoking is another very big health problem and it causes more than seven million deaths a year. There are lots of very dangerous chemicals in cigarettes (香烟), so smokers can get many diseases. Around the world, fewer people smoke today than twenty years ago, but there were still more than 1.2 billion smokers in 2025. 4 Nearly half of all the children in the world are taking cigarette smoke into their bodies every day because they have to spend time near people who smoke.
5 When people sit for too long in front of a computer, they can get problems with their eyes, arms, necks, and backs. And when they use computers and cellphones at night, it is often more difficult for them to sleep. Some scientists also think that cellphones may cause health problems because of a kind of energy which they produce called radiation (辐射).
A. This is not just a health problem for cigarette smokers.
B. But in a changing world, there are changing health problems.
C. When someone has diabetes, there is too much sugar in their blood.
D. They also mostly ate natural foods like fruit, vegetables, fish, and meat.
E. Some diseases can move from animals to people, and they can spread very fast.
F. People also worry about new health problems caused by computers and cellphones.
Because of modern medicine, millions of people now live longer, healthier lives, and we are developing new ways to fight diseases (疾病) all the time. 1
In the past, most people worked on their feet and moved their bodies all day, so they had lots of exercise. 2 Today, many people sit in front of a computer all day at work, and often eat a lot of sweet foods, or foods that are made in factories. This can be a big danger to their health.
The disease that causes most deaths in the world today—three in every ten—is heart disease. But many of these deaths need not happen, and are caused because people have not exercised or eaten well enough. Not exercising, or eating unhealthy food, can sometimes cause another dangerous disease—diabetes (糖尿病). 3 In the last twenty years, there has been a big rise in the number of deaths from diabetes.
Smoking is another very big health problem and it causes more than seven million deaths a year. There are lots of very dangerous chemicals in cigarettes (香烟), so smokers can get many diseases. Around the world, fewer people smoke today than twenty years ago, but there were still more than 1.2 billion smokers in 2025. 4 Nearly half of all the children in the world are taking cigarette smoke into their bodies every day because they have to spend time near people who smoke.
5 When people sit for too long in front of a computer, they can get problems with their eyes, arms, necks, and backs. And when they use computers and cellphones at night, it is often more difficult for them to sleep. Some scientists also think that cellphones may cause health problems because of a kind of energy which they produce called radiation (辐射).
A. This is not just a health problem for cigarette smokers.
B. But in a changing world, there are changing health problems.
C. When someone has diabetes, there is too much sugar in their blood.
D. They also mostly ate natural foods like fruit, vegetables, fish, and meat.
E. Some diseases can move from animals to people, and they can spread very fast.
F. People also worry about new health problems caused by computers and cellphones.
答案：1—5 BDCAF
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的阅读七选五题型，解题思路如下：第一步先通读全文，明确文章核心主题：本文先点明现代医疗进步让人类寿命延长，随后重点介绍当下伴随生活方式变化出现的各类新型健康问题，包括不良饮食缺乏运动引发的心脏病、糖尿病，吸烟的危害以及电子设备带来的健康隐患。第二步逐空定位前后文，通过话题一致性、逻辑关联词、指代呼应、主题句匹配的方法逐一匹配选项：1. 第一空前文讲医疗发展带来的好处，后文转而介绍新的健康威胁，需要转折过渡句；2. 第二空前文描述过去人们的运动习惯，后文对比现在的不良饮食习惯，此处需要承接过去的饮食特征的句子；3. 第三空前文首次引出糖尿病这个疾病，此处需要补充和糖尿病相关的解释内容，衔接后文糖尿病致死人数上升的表述；4. 第四空前文介绍烟民自身的健康危害，后文提到儿童被迫吸入二手烟，此处需要过渡句说明吸烟的危害不止影响吸烟者本人；5. 第五空位于段首，后文全段介绍电脑、手机带来的各类健康问题，此处需要该段的主题总起句。第三步最后把匹配好的选项代入通读，验证全文逻辑通顺，没有话题脱节的问题。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前文提到现代医疗让数百万人寿命更长更健康，人类一直在研发对抗疾病的新方法，后文转而介绍当下出现的各类新健康风险，B选项“但在不断变化的世界里，健康问题也在发生变化”起到转折过渡的作用，完美衔接前后内容。
2. 第二空：前文描述过去人们整日劳作活动量大、运动量充足，后文对比现在人们久坐、大量食用甜食和工厂加工食品的习惯，D选项“他们过去大多也吃水果、蔬菜、鱼、肉这类天然食物”，承接过去人们的饮食特征，和后文现在的不健康饮食形成鲜明对比，逻辑连贯。
3. 第三空：前文提到缺乏运动、吃不健康食物会引发另一种危险疾病——糖尿病，C选项“当人患上糖尿病时，血液中糖分含量过高”是对糖尿病基本病理的补充说明，承接前文引出的糖尿病话题，为后文“近二十年糖尿病死亡人数大幅上升”的表述做铺垫。
4. 第四空：前文介绍吸烟危害大，2025年全球仍有超过12亿烟民，后文提到全球近半数儿童每天被迫吸入二手烟，A选项“这不仅仅是吸烟者自身的健康问题”，引出吸烟对非吸烟者的危害，衔接后文的二手烟相关内容。
5. 第五空：空处位于段首，后文全段分别介绍久坐用电脑带来的身体劳损、熬夜用电子设备影响睡眠、手机辐射可能带来健康隐患等内容，F选项“人们也担心电脑和手机带来的新健康问题”是本段的总起主题句，统领全段内容。
【答案】1—5 BDCAF
【知识点】阅读七选五，语篇逻辑衔接，说明文阅读
【点评】本题属于典型的说明文类七选五考题，整体话题贴近生活，线索清晰，重点考察学生对语篇上下文逻辑关系的判断能力，覆盖转折过渡、话题延续、主题句匹配等常见考点，学生解题时只要紧扣空前后的核心话题，找到关键词呼应就能快速锁定答案，整体难度偏低。
【难度系数】0.7
这是一篇说明文类的阅读七选五题型，解题思路如下：第一步先通读全文，明确文章核心主题：本文先点明现代医疗进步让人类寿命延长，随后重点介绍当下伴随生活方式变化出现的各类新型健康问题，包括不良饮食缺乏运动引发的心脏病、糖尿病，吸烟的危害以及电子设备带来的健康隐患。第二步逐空定位前后文，通过话题一致性、逻辑关联词、指代呼应、主题句匹配的方法逐一匹配选项：1. 第一空前文讲医疗发展带来的好处，后文转而介绍新的健康威胁，需要转折过渡句；2. 第二空前文描述过去人们的运动习惯，后文对比现在的不良饮食习惯，此处需要承接过去的饮食特征的句子；3. 第三空前文首次引出糖尿病这个疾病，此处需要补充和糖尿病相关的解释内容，衔接后文糖尿病致死人数上升的表述；4. 第四空前文介绍烟民自身的健康危害，后文提到儿童被迫吸入二手烟，此处需要过渡句说明吸烟的危害不止影响吸烟者本人；5. 第五空位于段首，后文全段介绍电脑、手机带来的各类健康问题，此处需要该段的主题总起句。第三步最后把匹配好的选项代入通读，验证全文逻辑通顺，没有话题脱节的问题。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前文提到现代医疗让数百万人寿命更长更健康，人类一直在研发对抗疾病的新方法，后文转而介绍当下出现的各类新健康风险，B选项“但在不断变化的世界里，健康问题也在发生变化”起到转折过渡的作用，完美衔接前后内容。
2. 第二空：前文描述过去人们整日劳作活动量大、运动量充足，后文对比现在人们久坐、大量食用甜食和工厂加工食品的习惯，D选项“他们过去大多也吃水果、蔬菜、鱼、肉这类天然食物”，承接过去人们的饮食特征，和后文现在的不健康饮食形成鲜明对比，逻辑连贯。
3. 第三空：前文提到缺乏运动、吃不健康食物会引发另一种危险疾病——糖尿病，C选项“当人患上糖尿病时，血液中糖分含量过高”是对糖尿病基本病理的补充说明，承接前文引出的糖尿病话题，为后文“近二十年糖尿病死亡人数大幅上升”的表述做铺垫。
4. 第四空：前文介绍吸烟危害大，2025年全球仍有超过12亿烟民，后文提到全球近半数儿童每天被迫吸入二手烟，A选项“这不仅仅是吸烟者自身的健康问题”，引出吸烟对非吸烟者的危害，衔接后文的二手烟相关内容。
5. 第五空：空处位于段首，后文全段分别介绍久坐用电脑带来的身体劳损、熬夜用电子设备影响睡眠、手机辐射可能带来健康隐患等内容，F选项“人们也担心电脑和手机带来的新健康问题”是本段的总起主题句，统领全段内容。
【答案】1—5 BDCAF
【知识点】阅读七选五，语篇逻辑衔接，说明文阅读
【点评】本题属于典型的说明文类七选五考题，整体话题贴近生活，线索清晰，重点考察学生对语篇上下文逻辑关系的判断能力，覆盖转折过渡、话题延续、主题句匹配等常见考点，学生解题时只要紧扣空前后的核心话题，找到关键词呼应就能快速锁定答案，整体难度偏低。
【难度系数】0.7