A(2025·镇江市丹徒区期末)
When you are taking a walk along the road, a stranger passes by and leaves a heavy cigarette smoke. It makes you feel angry. Such smoke is called "wandering smoke". It is from people who smoke while walking or cycling outside. It is a type of second - hand smoke, which leads to over one million deaths around the world each year.
Since March 2025, Shanghai has been one of the first cities to control such smoke at its eight main popular tourist spots, including Wukang Road and the Bund. The new steps include putting up more smoke - control signs along walking areas, taking away ashtrays (烟灰缸) placed outside and having volunteers tell people not to smoke in a polite way.
Shanghai's move shows that instead of strict rules, the city is trying to change people's habits through public awareness (意识). This effort is a new start for China's anti - smoking actions. In 2011, China started an indoor smoking ban in public spaces. Now, the attention (注意力) goes to outdoor areas.
(
A. By telling a story.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving an example.
D. By using a famous saying.
(
A. Support.
B. Expect.
C. Limit.
D. Improve.
(
A. taking away the ashtrays placed outside
B. making more strict rules to warn people
C. putting up more public signs along walking areas
D. telling people not to smoke politely with the help of volunteers
When you are taking a walk along the road, a stranger passes by and leaves a heavy cigarette smoke. It makes you feel angry. Such smoke is called "wandering smoke". It is from people who smoke while walking or cycling outside. It is a type of second - hand smoke, which leads to over one million deaths around the world each year.
Since March 2025, Shanghai has been one of the first cities to control such smoke at its eight main popular tourist spots, including Wukang Road and the Bund. The new steps include putting up more smoke - control signs along walking areas, taking away ashtrays (烟灰缸) placed outside and having volunteers tell people not to smoke in a polite way.
Shanghai's move shows that instead of strict rules, the city is trying to change people's habits through public awareness (意识). This effort is a new start for China's anti - smoking actions. In 2011, China started an indoor smoking ban in public spaces. Now, the attention (注意力) goes to outdoor areas.
(
C
)1. 新考法写作手法 According to Paragraph 1, how does the writer make us understand "wandering smoke"?A. By telling a story.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving an example.
D. By using a famous saying.
(
C
)2. What does the underlined word "control" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Support.
B. Expect.
C. Limit.
D. Improve.
(
B
)3. Shanghai's 2025 new steps may NOT include .A. taking away the ashtrays placed outside
B. making more strict rules to warn people
C. putting up more public signs along walking areas
D. telling people not to smoke politely with the help of volunteers
答案：1. C 【解析】根据第一段中“When you are taking a walk along the road, a stranger passes by and leaves a heavy cigarette smoke. It makes you feel angry. Such smoke is called ‘wandering smoke’.”可知，作者通过描述具体的场景，即举例子的方式来让读者理解什么是“游烟”。
2. C
3. B 【解析】根据第二段中“The new steps include putting up more smoke-control signs along walking areas, taking away ashtrays placed outside and having volunteers tell people not to smoke in a polite way.”可知，这些新举措包括设置标识、撤走户外烟灰缸以及志愿者劝导，并没有提到制定更严格的规则来警告人们。
2. C
3. B 【解析】根据第二段中“The new steps include putting up more smoke-control signs along walking areas, taking away ashtrays placed outside and having volunteers tell people not to smoke in a polite way.”可知，这些新举措包括设置标识、撤走户外烟灰缸以及志愿者劝导，并没有提到制定更严格的规则来警告人们。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇阅读理解类题目，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题考察写作手法，首先定位到第一段内容，梳理作者引入"wandering smoke"的逻辑：先描述一个日常走路遇到路人边走边抽烟的具体场景，再引出这个概念，对应判断使用的写作手法，排除明显不符合的选项即可。
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境，游烟属于有害的二手烟，上海推出相关举措针对这类吸烟行为，推断出control在这里的含义，匹配同义选项。
3. 第3题是细节判断题，定位到原文介绍上海新控烟举措的段落，将选项内容和原文给出的三项举措逐一比对，再结合第三段提到的上海不靠严格规则的表述，就能找出不属于新举措的选项。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段：作者先描述了"你沿路散步时，路过的陌生人留下浓重烟味"的具体生活场景，再引出这种烟就是"wandering smoke（游烟）"，是通过举例子的方式让读者理解概念。A选项"讲故事"没有完整叙事，B选项"列数字"的死亡人数不是用来解释游烟的，D选项"用名言"原文完全没有提及，因此选C。
2. 结合上下文：游烟属于有害的二手烟，上海在热门旅游点推出多项控烟举措，目的是约束这类边走边抽烟的行为，因此control在这里的含义是"管控、限制"，和C选项Limit含义一致，A支持、B期待、D改善均不符合语境。
3. 定位原文第二段的新举措内容：明确提到新举措包含"在步行区域增设控烟标识、撤走户外烟灰缸、志愿者礼貌劝导民众不要吸烟"，对应A、C、D三个选项的内容；再结合第三段"上海的举措表明它没有依靠严格规则，而是尝试通过公共意识改变人们的习惯"，可知上海没有制定更严格的规则警告民众，因此B不属于2025年上海的新举措。
【答案】
1. C 2. C 3. B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，写作手法判断
【点评】
本题结合上海最新控烟的社会热点命题，贴合新考法的应用导向，题型覆盖了初中英语阅读常考的三类核心考点，既考察学生快速定位原文信息、结合语境推断语义的基础阅读能力，也引导学生关注公共健康类的现实话题，整体区分度合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇阅读理解类题目，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题考察写作手法，首先定位到第一段内容，梳理作者引入"wandering smoke"的逻辑：先描述一个日常走路遇到路人边走边抽烟的具体场景，再引出这个概念，对应判断使用的写作手法，排除明显不符合的选项即可。
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境，游烟属于有害的二手烟，上海推出相关举措针对这类吸烟行为，推断出control在这里的含义，匹配同义选项。
3. 第3题是细节判断题，定位到原文介绍上海新控烟举措的段落，将选项内容和原文给出的三项举措逐一比对，再结合第三段提到的上海不靠严格规则的表述，就能找出不属于新举措的选项。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段：作者先描述了"你沿路散步时，路过的陌生人留下浓重烟味"的具体生活场景，再引出这种烟就是"wandering smoke（游烟）"，是通过举例子的方式让读者理解概念。A选项"讲故事"没有完整叙事，B选项"列数字"的死亡人数不是用来解释游烟的，D选项"用名言"原文完全没有提及，因此选C。
2. 结合上下文：游烟属于有害的二手烟，上海在热门旅游点推出多项控烟举措，目的是约束这类边走边抽烟的行为，因此control在这里的含义是"管控、限制"，和C选项Limit含义一致，A支持、B期待、D改善均不符合语境。
3. 定位原文第二段的新举措内容：明确提到新举措包含"在步行区域增设控烟标识、撤走户外烟灰缸、志愿者礼貌劝导民众不要吸烟"，对应A、C、D三个选项的内容；再结合第三段"上海的举措表明它没有依靠严格规则，而是尝试通过公共意识改变人们的习惯"，可知上海没有制定更严格的规则警告民众，因此B不属于2025年上海的新举措。
【答案】
1. C 2. C 3. B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，写作手法判断
【点评】
本题结合上海最新控烟的社会热点命题，贴合新考法的应用导向，题型覆盖了初中英语阅读常考的三类核心考点，既考察学生快速定位原文信息、结合语境推断语义的基础阅读能力，也引导学生关注公共健康类的现实话题，整体区分度合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
B(2025·山东烟台)
After the lunchtime rush, it's time for the food delivery (递送) drivers to eat.
Liu Lijie, halfway through a 13 - hour workday, usually rides to a restaurant in Beijing for his favourite choice—mutton noodle soup, for 12 yuan, 6 yuan cheaper than the regular price.
The reduced - price meals, known as aixincan or loving meals, are available at some restaurants in large cities, home to large populations of migrant workers (农民工) who come looking for jobs.
"There is a lot of pressure in life since I came to Beijing to work, so eating aixincan is both cheap and convenient," says 40 - year - old Liu, who arrived in Beijing two years ago from Shanxi Province. In order to get back earlier to make money, he digs into his meal hurriedly at the Yushiji Restaurant.
Luo Shuai, another delivery driver, learnt of Yushiji's aixincan through his workmates and has since become a daily customer at the restaurant, which serves food from his native (出生地的) Henan Province. "It reminds me of my hometown," says 27 - year - old Luo, who moved to Beijing at the end of last year.
Feng Yong, the 43 - year - old manager of a meat pie restaurant, spends much of his day making pies. He says the restaurant began serving aixincan to help people in need and inspire others to do the same. As a Shandong Province native who moved to Beijing more than 20 years ago, Feng says he has a deep understanding of being an outsider working in a new city.
The key, he says, is to avoid any embarrassment for customers who are in need. The staff do what they can to offer help and don't ask any private things of the customers.
"We don't refuse them anything, just as long as they're full," Feng says.
(
A. To have a reduced - price meal.
B. To get back to make money.
C. To deliver food for the restaurant.
D. To sell mutton noodle soup.
(
A. The help from his workmates.
B. The cheap and convenient meals.
C. The Henan food in the restaurant.
D. The meat pies in Yushiji Restaurant.
(
A. Making them feel no embarrassment.
B. Offering any kind of help to them.
C. Asking them to come and eat regularly.
D. Paying attention to their private life.
(
A. All of them prefer the reduced - price meals.
B. None of them are local to their workplaces.
C. All of them are working as delivery drivers.
D. None of them can afford a regular - price meal.
After the lunchtime rush, it's time for the food delivery (递送) drivers to eat.
Liu Lijie, halfway through a 13 - hour workday, usually rides to a restaurant in Beijing for his favourite choice—mutton noodle soup, for 12 yuan, 6 yuan cheaper than the regular price.
The reduced - price meals, known as aixincan or loving meals, are available at some restaurants in large cities, home to large populations of migrant workers (农民工) who come looking for jobs.
"There is a lot of pressure in life since I came to Beijing to work, so eating aixincan is both cheap and convenient," says 40 - year - old Liu, who arrived in Beijing two years ago from Shanxi Province. In order to get back earlier to make money, he digs into his meal hurriedly at the Yushiji Restaurant.
Luo Shuai, another delivery driver, learnt of Yushiji's aixincan through his workmates and has since become a daily customer at the restaurant, which serves food from his native (出生地的) Henan Province. "It reminds me of my hometown," says 27 - year - old Luo, who moved to Beijing at the end of last year.
Feng Yong, the 43 - year - old manager of a meat pie restaurant, spends much of his day making pies. He says the restaurant began serving aixincan to help people in need and inspire others to do the same. As a Shandong Province native who moved to Beijing more than 20 years ago, Feng says he has a deep understanding of being an outsider working in a new city.
The key, he says, is to avoid any embarrassment for customers who are in need. The staff do what they can to offer help and don't ask any private things of the customers.
"We don't refuse them anything, just as long as they're full," Feng says.
(
A
)1. Why does Liu Lijie go to the restaurant in Beijing after the lunchtime rush?A. To have a reduced - price meal.
B. To get back to make money.
C. To deliver food for the restaurant.
D. To sell mutton noodle soup.
(
C
)2. What makes Luo Shuai homesick?A. The help from his workmates.
B. The cheap and convenient meals.
C. The Henan food in the restaurant.
D. The meat pies in Yushiji Restaurant.
(
A
)3. According to Feng Yong, what's important when serving aixincan for customers?A. Making them feel no embarrassment.
B. Offering any kind of help to them.
C. Asking them to come and eat regularly.
D. Paying attention to their private life.
(
B
)4. What do Liu Lijie, Luo Shuai and Feng Yong have in common?A. All of them prefer the reduced - price meals.
B. None of them are local to their workplaces.
C. All of them are working as delivery drivers.
D. None of them can afford a regular - price meal.
答案：1. A 2. C
3. A 【解析】根据倒数第二段中“The key, he says, is to avoid any embarrassment for customers who are in need.”可知，“爱心餐”的关键是不让顾客感到尴尬。
4. B 【解析】通读全文可知，Liu Lijie来自山西，Luo Shuai来自河南，Feng Yong来自山东，三人均在北京工作，因此他们都不是本地人。
3. A 【解析】根据倒数第二段中“The key, he says, is to avoid any embarrassment for customers who are in need.”可知，“爱心餐”的关键是不让顾客感到尴尬。
4. B 【解析】通读全文可知，Liu Lijie来自山西，Luo Shuai来自河南，Feng Yong来自山东，三人均在北京工作，因此他们都不是本地人。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇记叙类阅读理解，题型以细节理解和简单信息推理为主，解题思路如下：首先标记每道题干的核心关键词，带着问题回原文精准定位对应段落，将选项表述和原文内容逐一比对，排除不符合原文的干扰项；对于需要整合多段信息的题目，汇总所有相关人物的背景信息，逐一核对选项排除错误表述，即可推导出正确答案。比如第一题定位刘立杰的相关描述，就能直接找到他去餐馆的核心目的，其余题目也可以通过定位对应段落快速匹配正确选项。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段“mutton noodle soup, for 12 yuan, 6 yuan cheaper than the regular price”以及第三段对减价爱心餐的介绍，可知刘立杰午餐高峰后去餐馆是为了吃优惠的爱心餐。B选项“赶回赚钱”是他快速吃饭的原因，不是去餐馆的目的；C、D两项原文完全没有相关表述，因此选A。
2. 定位原文第五段“which serves food from his native Henan Province. "It reminds me of my hometown," says 27-year-old Luo”，可知餐馆里提供的河南家乡食物让罗帅产生思乡情绪，对应C选项。A项同事的帮助、B项便宜方便的餐食都不是他想家的原因，D项的肉饼不属于这家餐馆的餐品，表述错误。
3. 定位原文倒数第二段“The key, he says, is to avoid any embarrassment for customers who are in need.”，可知冯勇认为提供爱心餐最重要的是不让有需要的顾客感到尴尬，对应A选项。B项“提供任意类型的帮助”不符合原文“员工力所能及提供帮助”的表述；C项“要求顾客常来就餐”原文无提及；D项“关注顾客隐私”和原文“不询问顾客任何私人问题”的表述完全相反，均错误。
4. 整合三个人的背景信息：刘立杰来自山西，罗帅来自河南，冯勇来自山东，三人均在北京工作，都不是工作地的本地人。A项冯勇是爱心餐餐馆的经营者，并非爱心餐的食用者，表述错误；C项只有刘立杰和罗帅是外卖员，冯勇是餐馆经理，表述错误；D项原文没有提到三人负担不起原价餐食，爱心餐只是性价比更高，表述错误，因此选B。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；语篇信息整合；逻辑推理判断
【点评】
本篇阅读以城市爱心餐为现实主题，内容贴近生活，题目设置以基础细节题为主，仅最后一题需要跨段落整合多个人物的身份信息，整体难度偏低。解题时要注意区分题干的核心设问要素，不要把次要信息当成核心答案，同时要逐一核对选项表述，避免出现以偏概全的错误。
【难度系数】
0.85
这是一篇记叙类阅读理解，题型以细节理解和简单信息推理为主，解题思路如下：首先标记每道题干的核心关键词，带着问题回原文精准定位对应段落，将选项表述和原文内容逐一比对，排除不符合原文的干扰项；对于需要整合多段信息的题目，汇总所有相关人物的背景信息，逐一核对选项排除错误表述，即可推导出正确答案。比如第一题定位刘立杰的相关描述，就能直接找到他去餐馆的核心目的，其余题目也可以通过定位对应段落快速匹配正确选项。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段“mutton noodle soup, for 12 yuan, 6 yuan cheaper than the regular price”以及第三段对减价爱心餐的介绍，可知刘立杰午餐高峰后去餐馆是为了吃优惠的爱心餐。B选项“赶回赚钱”是他快速吃饭的原因，不是去餐馆的目的；C、D两项原文完全没有相关表述，因此选A。
2. 定位原文第五段“which serves food from his native Henan Province. "It reminds me of my hometown," says 27-year-old Luo”，可知餐馆里提供的河南家乡食物让罗帅产生思乡情绪，对应C选项。A项同事的帮助、B项便宜方便的餐食都不是他想家的原因，D项的肉饼不属于这家餐馆的餐品，表述错误。
3. 定位原文倒数第二段“The key, he says, is to avoid any embarrassment for customers who are in need.”，可知冯勇认为提供爱心餐最重要的是不让有需要的顾客感到尴尬，对应A选项。B项“提供任意类型的帮助”不符合原文“员工力所能及提供帮助”的表述；C项“要求顾客常来就餐”原文无提及；D项“关注顾客隐私”和原文“不询问顾客任何私人问题”的表述完全相反，均错误。
4. 整合三个人的背景信息：刘立杰来自山西，罗帅来自河南，冯勇来自山东，三人均在北京工作，都不是工作地的本地人。A项冯勇是爱心餐餐馆的经营者，并非爱心餐的食用者，表述错误；C项只有刘立杰和罗帅是外卖员，冯勇是餐馆经理，表述错误；D项原文没有提到三人负担不起原价餐食，爱心餐只是性价比更高，表述错误，因此选B。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；语篇信息整合；逻辑推理判断
【点评】
本篇阅读以城市爱心餐为现实主题，内容贴近生活，题目设置以基础细节题为主，仅最后一题需要跨段落整合多个人物的身份信息，整体难度偏低。解题时要注意区分题干的核心设问要素，不要把次要信息当成核心答案，同时要逐一核对选项表述，避免出现以偏概全的错误。
【难度系数】
0.85