A
Many of you may have the experience: you get on a train and are ready to have a sleep or read a book. Then you find that the person in front of you is watching a film on his mobile phone loudly. And the person behind you is talking on her phone during the trip.
You wish the train could be less noisy. There is a solution for you. The Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway has quiet carriages(车厢) now.
In quiet carriages, the videos have no sound. Doors are closed to make the noise from other carriages less. Train attendants(列车员) make sure that people follow the rules and keep quiet.
If people would like to follow the rules, they can choose quiet carriages when they book their train tickets. The ticket prices are the same as those for non-quiet carriages.
Some people say that all carriages should have this kind of quiet environment. Though some internet users like the new service, they also have some questions, such as "How quiet should travellers be in quiet carriages?"and "Can we talk to our friends if we need to?" After all, quiet carriages give people better service. They may become popular across the country in the future.
(
A. It's very common to travel by train.
B. People on trains are sometimes very noisy.
C. People do all kinds of things on trains.
D. Many people like watching TV shows on trains.
(
A. People can't watch videos.
B. People can't use mobile phones.
C. The doors stay closed.
D. The tickets are a little dearer.
(
A. The rules should be made clearer.
B. Most people don't like the service.
C. The service is better for travel groups.
D. It's necessary to make all the trains quiet.
(
A. Helpful.
B. Popular.
C. Expensive.
D. Important.
Many of you may have the experience: you get on a train and are ready to have a sleep or read a book. Then you find that the person in front of you is watching a film on his mobile phone loudly. And the person behind you is talking on her phone during the trip.
You wish the train could be less noisy. There is a solution for you. The Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway has quiet carriages(车厢) now.
In quiet carriages, the videos have no sound. Doors are closed to make the noise from other carriages less. Train attendants(列车员) make sure that people follow the rules and keep quiet.
If people would like to follow the rules, they can choose quiet carriages when they book their train tickets. The ticket prices are the same as those for non-quiet carriages.
Some people say that all carriages should have this kind of quiet environment. Though some internet users like the new service, they also have some questions, such as "How quiet should travellers be in quiet carriages?"and "Can we talk to our friends if we need to?" After all, quiet carriages give people better service. They may become popular across the country in the future.
(
B
)1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?A. It's very common to travel by train.
B. People on trains are sometimes very noisy.
C. People do all kinds of things on trains.
D. Many people like watching TV shows on trains.
(
C
)2. What can we know in quiet carriages according to the text?A. People can't watch videos.
B. People can't use mobile phones.
C. The doors stay closed.
D. The tickets are a little dearer.
(
A
)3. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. The rules should be made clearer.
B. Most people don't like the service.
C. The service is better for travel groups.
D. It's necessary to make all the trains quiet.
(
A
)4. 新考法 观点态度 What does the writer think of quiet carriages?A. Helpful.
B. Popular.
C. Expensive.
D. Important.
答案：1. B
2. C 【解析】根据第三段中“ Doors are closed to make the noise from other carriages less. ”可知，静音车厢的门是关着的。
3. A 【解析】根据最后一段中“ they also have some questions, such as ‘ How quiet should travellers be in quiet carriages? ’ and ‘ Can we talk to our
friends if we need to? ’ ”可知，人们对静音车厢的规则存在疑问，说明规则需要更明确。
4. A 【解析】根据最后一段中“ After all, quiet carriages give people better service. ”可推知，作者认为静音车厢是有帮助的。
2. C 【解析】根据第三段中“ Doors are closed to make the noise from other carriages less. ”可知，静音车厢的门是关着的。
3. A 【解析】根据最后一段中“ they also have some questions, such as ‘ How quiet should travellers be in quiet carriages? ’ and ‘ Can we talk to our
friends if we need to? ’ ”可知，人们对静音车厢的规则存在疑问，说明规则需要更明确。
4. A 【解析】根据最后一段中“ After all, quiet carriages give people better service. ”可推知，作者认为静音车厢是有帮助的。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍高铁静音车厢的说明文阅读，解题时可以按照“题干定位-原文比对-排除干扰”的思路推进：
1. 第1题是段落主旨题，先通读第一段，梳理段落列举的两个场景：前排乘客手机开外放看视频、后排乘客打电话，提炼段落核心描述的场景特征，匹配对应选项即可。
2. 第2题是细节理解题，把每个选项逐一对应到原文的相关表述，和原文内容矛盾的直接排除，就能得到正确答案。
3. 第3题是段落推理题，定位到最后一段，抓住网友提出的两个关于静音车厢规则的疑问，推导背后隐含的现有规则的不足，排除无中生有、和原文矛盾的干扰项。
4. 第4题是观点态度题，直接找作者对静音车厢的直接评价语句，区分文中普通网友的观点和作者本身的态度，选出匹配的选项。
【解析】
1. 第一段全部内容都在描述坐火车时遇到的各类吵闹场景：前排乘客开外放看电影、后排乘客打电话，核心要说明火车上的乘客有时会非常吵闹。A选项“坐火车出行很常见”不是段落核心，C选项“人们在火车上做各种事”表述过于宽泛，D选项“很多人喜欢在火车上看节目”不符合段落内容，因此选B。
2. 逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文第三段仅说明静音车厢里视频没有声音，并没有禁止看视频，表述错误；
B选项：全文没有提到静音车厢禁止使用手机，表述错误；
C选项：根据第三段原文"Doors are closed to make the noise from other carriages less."可知静音车厢的门保持关闭，表述正确；
D选项：原文第四段明确说明静音车厢和非静音车厢票价完全相同，“票价更贵”的表述错误。因此选C。
3. 最后一段提到不少网友对静音车厢的规则存在诸多疑问，比如需要保持到多安静、必要时能不能和朋友交谈，说明现有的静音车厢规则还不够清晰，需要进一步明确。B选项“大部分人不喜欢这项服务”和原文“不少网友喜欢这项新服务”矛盾，C选项“这项服务更适合旅行团”属于无中生有，D选项“所有列车都要设置静音”只是部分人的观点，不是最后一段的核心表意，因此选A。
4. 根据最后一段作者的直接表述"After all, quiet carriages give people better service"，能看出作者认为静音车厢可以给乘客提供更好的出行体验，是很有帮助的。B选项“受欢迎”是对未来趋势的预判，不是作者对静音车厢属性的判断，C选项“昂贵”和原文票价一致的内容矛盾，D选项“重要”在文中没有相关支撑表述，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A
【知识点】
细节信息查找，段落主旨归纳，作者态度推断
【点评】
本篇阅读选取了和现实生活关联度很高的高铁静音车厢热点话题，题型覆盖了初中英语阅读常考的主旨、细节、推理、态度四类题型，难度适中。解题时要注意不要把文中部分网友的观点错当成作者的观点，所有判断都要从原文给出的明确信息出发，不要自行脑补额外信息。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍高铁静音车厢的说明文阅读，解题时可以按照“题干定位-原文比对-排除干扰”的思路推进：
1. 第1题是段落主旨题，先通读第一段，梳理段落列举的两个场景：前排乘客手机开外放看视频、后排乘客打电话，提炼段落核心描述的场景特征，匹配对应选项即可。
2. 第2题是细节理解题，把每个选项逐一对应到原文的相关表述，和原文内容矛盾的直接排除，就能得到正确答案。
3. 第3题是段落推理题，定位到最后一段，抓住网友提出的两个关于静音车厢规则的疑问，推导背后隐含的现有规则的不足，排除无中生有、和原文矛盾的干扰项。
4. 第4题是观点态度题，直接找作者对静音车厢的直接评价语句，区分文中普通网友的观点和作者本身的态度，选出匹配的选项。
【解析】
1. 第一段全部内容都在描述坐火车时遇到的各类吵闹场景：前排乘客开外放看电影、后排乘客打电话，核心要说明火车上的乘客有时会非常吵闹。A选项“坐火车出行很常见”不是段落核心，C选项“人们在火车上做各种事”表述过于宽泛，D选项“很多人喜欢在火车上看节目”不符合段落内容，因此选B。
2. 逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文第三段仅说明静音车厢里视频没有声音，并没有禁止看视频，表述错误；
B选项：全文没有提到静音车厢禁止使用手机，表述错误；
C选项：根据第三段原文"Doors are closed to make the noise from other carriages less."可知静音车厢的门保持关闭，表述正确；
D选项：原文第四段明确说明静音车厢和非静音车厢票价完全相同，“票价更贵”的表述错误。因此选C。
3. 最后一段提到不少网友对静音车厢的规则存在诸多疑问，比如需要保持到多安静、必要时能不能和朋友交谈，说明现有的静音车厢规则还不够清晰，需要进一步明确。B选项“大部分人不喜欢这项服务”和原文“不少网友喜欢这项新服务”矛盾，C选项“这项服务更适合旅行团”属于无中生有，D选项“所有列车都要设置静音”只是部分人的观点，不是最后一段的核心表意，因此选A。
4. 根据最后一段作者的直接表述"After all, quiet carriages give people better service"，能看出作者认为静音车厢可以给乘客提供更好的出行体验，是很有帮助的。B选项“受欢迎”是对未来趋势的预判，不是作者对静音车厢属性的判断，C选项“昂贵”和原文票价一致的内容矛盾，D选项“重要”在文中没有相关支撑表述，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A
【知识点】
细节信息查找，段落主旨归纳，作者态度推断
【点评】
本篇阅读选取了和现实生活关联度很高的高铁静音车厢热点话题，题型覆盖了初中英语阅读常考的主旨、细节、推理、态度四类题型，难度适中。解题时要注意不要把文中部分网友的观点错当成作者的观点，所有判断都要从原文给出的明确信息出发，不要自行脑补额外信息。
【难度系数】
0.7
B(2024·南京市联合体期末)
train, such as, on one's own, recently, reach for
Are you troubled by housework like cleaning tables or tidying your room? A new robot is here to help! 1, a group of engineers from Stanford University and Google's DeepMind have created a smart robot—Mobile ALOHA. It can carry out many kinds of work around your house.
In the videos posted, we can see the robot can be 2 to carry out a large number of tasks, from cutting vegetables to cracking(破开) eggs. It's also good at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor, washing clothes, etc.
The robot isn't perfect. It can move chairs 3 80 per cent of the time. But for cooking dishes, it's only 40 per cent. In short, it's far from perfect.
In fact, AI robots are good at tasks, 4 maths and playing chess, but they face challenges(挑战) when it comes to simpler actions like cleaning. And it's the same for Mobile ALOHA. For example, if its body doesn't move correctly—even just with a small deviation(偏差), its arm may move too far to 5 the grass.
"Robots are not ready to take over the world," the team posted on a social platform.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
train, such as, on one's own, recently, reach for
Are you troubled by housework like cleaning tables or tidying your room? A new robot is here to help! 1, a group of engineers from Stanford University and Google's DeepMind have created a smart robot—Mobile ALOHA. It can carry out many kinds of work around your house.
In the videos posted, we can see the robot can be 2 to carry out a large number of tasks, from cutting vegetables to cracking(破开) eggs. It's also good at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor, washing clothes, etc.
The robot isn't perfect. It can move chairs 3 80 per cent of the time. But for cooking dishes, it's only 40 per cent. In short, it's far from perfect.
In fact, AI robots are good at tasks, 4 maths and playing chess, but they face challenges(挑战) when it comes to simpler actions like cleaning. And it's the same for Mobile ALOHA. For example, if its body doesn't move correctly—even just with a small deviation(偏差), its arm may move too far to 5 the grass.
"Robots are not ready to take over the world," the team posted on a social platform.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案：1. Recently 2. trained 3. on its own 4. such as 5. reach for
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇短文选词填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章介绍的是新型智能机器人Mobile ALOHA的相关功能与不足，先理清给出的5个备选词的含义和词性：train（训练，动词）、such as（例如，短语）、on one's own（独自，短语）、recently（最近，副词）、reach for（伸手去够，短语）。接下来逐个分析空格的语法属性和语义需求：
1. 第一空位于句首，修饰整个后续的陈述句，需要填入时间副词，对应备选词里的recently，符合“最近工程师团队研发出这款机器人”的语义。
2. 第二空在be动词之后，是含情态动词的被动语态结构，需要填入动词的过去分词，机器人是“被训练”完成各类任务，因此将train变为trained。
3. 第三空位于情态动词can和动作move chairs之间，需要填入表示方式的状语，表达机器人独立完成动作的含义，对应短语on one's own，主语是指代机器人的it，因此把one's替换为its，得到on its own。
4. 第四空前后是“AI擅长很多任务”和“数学、下棋”，后者是对前者的举例，因此填入表示举例的短语such as。
5. 第五空位于不定式符号to之后，需要填入动词原形结构，语义是手臂偏移太远就没法够到草，对应短语reach for。
【解析】
1. 空1：此处需要时间副词作状语，放在句首表示“最近”，符合后文介绍新研发机器人的语境，首字母大写，填Recently。
2. 空2：此处是被动语态结构“be + 过去分词”，表示机器人被训练来完成大量任务，train的过去分词是trained，填trained。
3. 空3：此处表达机器人独立完成移动椅子的动作，on one's own表示独自、独立，主语是机器人，物主代词用its，填on its own。
4. 空4：后文的数学和下棋是对前文AI擅长的任务的举例，such as用来列举事物，填such as。
5. 空5：此处不定式to后面接动词原形，表达手臂移动过远就无法伸手够到草，reach for表示伸手去够，填reach for。
【答案】
1. Recently 2. trained 3. on its own 4. such as 5. reach for
【知识点】
短文选词填空，被动语态，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题结合科技类热点话题考查词汇在语篇中的运用，既需要学生准确掌握备选词汇的含义，也要求结合语法规则进行适当的词形变换，同时要结合上下文语义匹配对应表达，整体难度适中，能很好地检验学生的语篇理解能力和词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇短文选词填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章介绍的是新型智能机器人Mobile ALOHA的相关功能与不足，先理清给出的5个备选词的含义和词性：train（训练，动词）、such as（例如，短语）、on one's own（独自，短语）、recently（最近，副词）、reach for（伸手去够，短语）。接下来逐个分析空格的语法属性和语义需求：
1. 第一空位于句首，修饰整个后续的陈述句，需要填入时间副词，对应备选词里的recently，符合“最近工程师团队研发出这款机器人”的语义。
2. 第二空在be动词之后，是含情态动词的被动语态结构，需要填入动词的过去分词，机器人是“被训练”完成各类任务，因此将train变为trained。
3. 第三空位于情态动词can和动作move chairs之间，需要填入表示方式的状语，表达机器人独立完成动作的含义，对应短语on one's own，主语是指代机器人的it，因此把one's替换为its，得到on its own。
4. 第四空前后是“AI擅长很多任务”和“数学、下棋”，后者是对前者的举例，因此填入表示举例的短语such as。
5. 第五空位于不定式符号to之后，需要填入动词原形结构，语义是手臂偏移太远就没法够到草，对应短语reach for。
【解析】
1. 空1：此处需要时间副词作状语，放在句首表示“最近”，符合后文介绍新研发机器人的语境，首字母大写，填Recently。
2. 空2：此处是被动语态结构“be + 过去分词”，表示机器人被训练来完成大量任务，train的过去分词是trained，填trained。
3. 空3：此处表达机器人独立完成移动椅子的动作，on one's own表示独自、独立，主语是机器人，物主代词用its，填on its own。
4. 空4：后文的数学和下棋是对前文AI擅长的任务的举例，such as用来列举事物，填such as。
5. 空5：此处不定式to后面接动词原形，表达手臂移动过远就无法伸手够到草，reach for表示伸手去够，填reach for。
【答案】
1. Recently 2. trained 3. on its own 4. such as 5. reach for
【知识点】
短文选词填空，被动语态，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题结合科技类热点话题考查词汇在语篇中的运用，既需要学生准确掌握备选词汇的含义，也要求结合语法规则进行适当的词形变换，同时要结合上下文语义匹配对应表达，整体难度适中，能很好地检验学生的语篇理解能力和词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.7