五、(2025·苏州工业园区金鸡湖学校模拟)(核心素养·语言能力)阅读理解。
如何编写词典？
People believe every word has its correct meaning(s). When we aren't sure, we check online.
First, dictionary writers read the important books of that period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards. They collected interesting words and common words, and noted both their daily uses and unusual uses. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A～Z). ▲
Then, to define(给……下定义) a word, the dictionary writer would check all the cards for that word, throw away some, and read the rest again. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.
So, the writing of a dictionary could last for years. It was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian.
As time has passed, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we shouldn't be controlled by them, because new situations, new inventions, and new feelings are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.
1. (创新考法·信息排序)Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past?
A. ①③④②
B. ①②④③
C. ③②①
D. ③①④②
2. (创新考法·信息还原)Which sentence is the best for “▲” in Paragraph 2?
A. When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word.
B. There are many types of cards, such as paper cards and electronic cards.
C. However, if dictionary writers use them in a wrong way, the cards can't help them.
D. Cards as tools can help the learners to develop their language skills.
3. What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication?
A. Be open to the new uses of words.
B. Follow the dictionary strictly.
C. Use online dictionaries instead.
D. Try to create new words.
如何编写词典？
People believe every word has its correct meaning(s). When we aren't sure, we check online.
First, dictionary writers read the important books of that period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards. They collected interesting words and common words, and noted both their daily uses and unusual uses. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A～Z). ▲
Then, to define(给……下定义) a word, the dictionary writer would check all the cards for that word, throw away some, and read the rest again. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.
So, the writing of a dictionary could last for years. It was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian.
As time has passed, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we shouldn't be controlled by them, because new situations, new inventions, and new feelings are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.
1. (创新考法·信息排序)Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past?
A. ①③④②
B. ①②④③
C. ③②①
D. ③①④②
2. (创新考法·信息还原)Which sentence is the best for “▲” in Paragraph 2?
A. When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word.
B. There are many types of cards, such as paper cards and electronic cards.
C. However, if dictionary writers use them in a wrong way, the cards can't help them.
D. Cards as tools can help the learners to develop their language skills.
3. What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication?
A. Be open to the new uses of words.
B. Follow the dictionary strictly.
C. Use online dictionaries instead.
D. Try to create new words.
答案：1.D
2.A
3.A
2.A
3.A
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍传统词典编纂流程的阅读理解题，解题时可以分题型逐个突破：
1. 第1题是信息排序创新题，首先回到原文梳理过去编纂词典的完整步骤，再和四幅图的含义逐一对应，就能排出正确顺序；
2. 第2题是信息还原题，重点观察空格前后的上下文逻辑，选出能承接前文动作、引出后文内容的衔接句，排除和语境无关的选项；
3. 第3题是细节理解题，直接定位到题干对应的原文段落，对比选项和原文表述的匹配度，选出符合作者观点的答案。
【解析】
1. 梳理传统编词典的流程：
① 首先词典编写者收集大量记录词汇信息的卡片，对应图③的collect（收集卡片）环节；
② 接着将收集到的所有卡片按照A~Z的字母顺序排列，对应图①的按字母序排序环节；
③ 之后将排序后的卡片按不同词汇分拣归类，对应图④的divide（分类分拣）环节；
④ 最后编写者参考对应卡片为每个词汇撰写释义，对应图②的write（编写词义）环节。
因此正确步骤顺序为③①④②，答案选D。
2. 分析第二段空格处的逻辑：空格前表述“收集完卡片后，将所有卡片按A~Z字母顺序排列”，接下来的内容需要承接该动作的结果：
A选项“当这项工作完成后，每个单独的单词都会有数百张对应的卡片”完全符合上下文逻辑；
B选项提到的电子卡片在全文没有相关提及，不符合语境；
C选项的“错误使用卡片”在前后文没有对应的转折铺垫，逻辑不通；
D选项“卡片帮助学习者提升语言能力”和本段介绍词典编纂流程的主题无关。因此答案选A。
3. 定位最后一段作者的建议：原文明确说明“我们在口语或写作中选词时，不应该被词典束缚，新的场景、新发明和新感受始终推动我们给旧词汇赋予新的用法”，对应A选项“对词汇的新用法持开放态度”；B选项“严格遵从词典”和原文“不被词典控制”表述相反；C选项“只用在线词典”并非作者提出的建议；D选项“尝试创造新单词”和原文“给旧词赋予新用法”的表述不符。因此答案选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节提取，语篇逻辑推理，信息排序
【点评】
本题采用图示排序的创新考法，跳出常规阅读理解的出题模式，既考查学生梳理语篇事件顺序的能力，也考查上下文逻辑衔接的判断能力，同时渗透了语言使用灵活性的文化认知，符合英语学科核心素养中语言能力的培养要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇介绍传统词典编纂流程的阅读理解题，解题时可以分题型逐个突破：
1. 第1题是信息排序创新题，首先回到原文梳理过去编纂词典的完整步骤，再和四幅图的含义逐一对应，就能排出正确顺序；
2. 第2题是信息还原题，重点观察空格前后的上下文逻辑，选出能承接前文动作、引出后文内容的衔接句，排除和语境无关的选项；
3. 第3题是细节理解题，直接定位到题干对应的原文段落，对比选项和原文表述的匹配度，选出符合作者观点的答案。
【解析】
1. 梳理传统编词典的流程：
① 首先词典编写者收集大量记录词汇信息的卡片，对应图③的collect（收集卡片）环节；
② 接着将收集到的所有卡片按照A~Z的字母顺序排列，对应图①的按字母序排序环节；
③ 之后将排序后的卡片按不同词汇分拣归类，对应图④的divide（分类分拣）环节；
④ 最后编写者参考对应卡片为每个词汇撰写释义，对应图②的write（编写词义）环节。
因此正确步骤顺序为③①④②，答案选D。
2. 分析第二段空格处的逻辑：空格前表述“收集完卡片后，将所有卡片按A~Z字母顺序排列”，接下来的内容需要承接该动作的结果：
A选项“当这项工作完成后，每个单独的单词都会有数百张对应的卡片”完全符合上下文逻辑；
B选项提到的电子卡片在全文没有相关提及，不符合语境；
C选项的“错误使用卡片”在前后文没有对应的转折铺垫，逻辑不通；
D选项“卡片帮助学习者提升语言能力”和本段介绍词典编纂流程的主题无关。因此答案选A。
3. 定位最后一段作者的建议：原文明确说明“我们在口语或写作中选词时，不应该被词典束缚，新的场景、新发明和新感受始终推动我们给旧词汇赋予新的用法”，对应A选项“对词汇的新用法持开放态度”；B选项“严格遵从词典”和原文“不被词典控制”表述相反；C选项“只用在线词典”并非作者提出的建议；D选项“尝试创造新单词”和原文“给旧词赋予新用法”的表述不符。因此答案选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节提取，语篇逻辑推理，信息排序
【点评】
本题采用图示排序的创新考法，跳出常规阅读理解的出题模式，既考查学生梳理语篇事件顺序的能力，也考查上下文逻辑衔接的判断能力，同时渗透了语言使用灵活性的文化认知，符合英语学科核心素养中语言能力的培养要求。
【难度系数】
0.6