五、阅读理解。
The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa. The weather there can be very different in a day's time. During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It is one of the toughest(最艰难的) environments on earth.
The Sahara is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there, and most of them are nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent(固定的) homes. They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. The nomads in the Sahara are called Bedouin, which means "desert people". They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them, and they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. Without water, life is impossible.
A desert is not defined(定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel(沙砾).
Long ago, the Sahara was covered in ice and later turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara is a place of history and change.
(
A. In North Asia.
B. In North Africa.
C. In North Canada.
D. In North America.
(
A. 农耕民族
B. 渔猎民族
C. 定居民族
D. 游牧民族
(
A. The word means people who love deserts.
B. The Bedouin use cars and trucks to get around.
C. The most important thing for Bedouin is water.
D. Life is impossible without goats, sheep and camels.
(
A. A place that has nomads living in it.
B. A place that is very hot and dry all year round.
C. A place that has more than 25% sand on its surface.
D. A place that gets less than 250 mm of rain every year.
(
A. Facts about the Sahara.
B. The people of the Sahara.
C. The weather of the Sahara.
D. The history of the Sahara.
The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa. The weather there can be very different in a day's time. During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It is one of the toughest(最艰难的) environments on earth.
The Sahara is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there, and most of them are nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent(固定的) homes. They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. The nomads in the Sahara are called Bedouin, which means "desert people". They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them, and they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. Without water, life is impossible.
A desert is not defined(定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel(沙砾).
Long ago, the Sahara was covered in ice and later turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara is a place of history and change.
(
B
)1. Where is the Sahara?A. In North Asia.
B. In North Africa.
C. In North Canada.
D. In North America.
(
D
)2. What does the underlined word "nomads" probably mean in Chinese?A. 农耕民族
B. 渔猎民族
C. 定居民族
D. 游牧民族
(
C
)3. 创新考法—事物推断题 Which of the following is TRUE about Bedouin?A. The word means people who love deserts.
B. The Bedouin use cars and trucks to get around.
C. The most important thing for Bedouin is water.
D. Life is impossible without goats, sheep and camels.
(
D
)4. According to the text, what is a desert?A. A place that has nomads living in it.
B. A place that is very hot and dry all year round.
C. A place that has more than 25% sand on its surface.
D. A place that gets less than 250 mm of rain every year.
(
A
)5. What is the passage about?A. Facts about the Sahara.
B. The people of the Sahara.
C. The weather of the Sahara.
D. The history of the Sahara.
答案：五、1. B 【点拨】根据“The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠位于北非。故选 B。
2. D 【点拨】根据“Nomads are people who have no permanent(固定的) homes. They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live.”可知这些人没有固定的住所。所以，nomads 应是“游牧民族”。故选 D。
3. C 【点拨】根据“Water is the most important for them, and they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it.”可知，对贝都因人来说，最重要的是水。故选 C。
4. D 【点拨】根据“A desert is not defined(定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year.”可知，沙漠的定义是年降雨量不足 250 毫米，而不是由沙子决定的。故选 D。
5. A 【点拨】文章详细描述了撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、气候特征、居住的游牧民族以及历史变化等内容，全面介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的相关事实。A 选项“关于撒哈拉的事实”概括了文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选 A。
2. D 【点拨】根据“Nomads are people who have no permanent(固定的) homes. They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live.”可知这些人没有固定的住所。所以，nomads 应是“游牧民族”。故选 D。
3. C 【点拨】根据“Water is the most important for them, and they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it.”可知，对贝都因人来说，最重要的是水。故选 C。
4. D 【点拨】根据“A desert is not defined(定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year.”可知，沙漠的定义是年降雨量不足 250 毫米，而不是由沙子决定的。故选 D。
5. A 【点拨】文章详细描述了撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、气候特征、居住的游牧民族以及历史变化等内容，全面介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的相关事实。A 选项“关于撒哈拉的事实”概括了文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选 A。
解析：
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先可以先快速浏览题干明确每道题的设问方向，再带着问题回原文定位对应信息：
1. 第1题是细节定位题，直接找描述撒哈拉地理位置的原文段落，比对选项即可选出答案；
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，找到划线单词后的解释句，根据“没有固定住所、四处迁徙”的特征匹配对应的中文释义；
3. 第3题是事物推断题，逐个将选项和原文中关于Bedouin的描述比对，排除和原文不符的错误表述，选出正确项；
4. 第4题是细节理解题，找到沙漠定义的对应段落，直接匹配定义内容即可；
5. 第5题是主旨大意题，梳理全文内容：文章同时介绍了撒哈拉的位置、气候、居民、地貌、演变历史，并非只聚焦某一个方面，因此选择覆盖最全面的主旨选项。
【解析】
1. 原文第一段明确说明撒哈拉沙漠横跨北非，对应选项B，A北亚、C加拿大北部、D北美均不符合原文描述，直接排除。
2. 划线词nomads的后文解释这类人没有固定住所，四处迁徙携带全部生活物资，符合游牧民族的特征，对应选项D，农耕、渔猎、定居民族都不符合“无固定居所四处移动”的特点，排除其余选项。
3. 选项A：原文说明Bedouin的含义是“沙漠居民”，不是热爱沙漠的人，表述错误；选项B：原文提到他们依靠山羊、绵羊和骆驼作为交通方式，没有提到汽车卡车，表述错误；选项C：原文明确指出水对他们来说是最重要的东西，表述正确；选项D：原文说没有水就无法生存，不是没有羊和骆驼就无法生存，表述错误，因此选C。
4. 原文第三段说明沙漠的定义是年降雨量少于250毫米的区域，不是由沙子占比、是否炎热、是否有居民定义的，对应选项D，其余选项均不符合原文定义，排除。
5. 全文从地理位置、气候、居民、地貌、演变历史多个维度介绍撒哈拉沙漠的相关事实，B只讲居民、C只讲天气、D只讲历史都过于片面，只有A能完整概括全文内容，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，主旨大意
【点评】
本题是介绍撒哈拉沙漠的说明类阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读常见的典型题型，难度梯度平缓，引导学生掌握“题干关键词回文定位”的核心阅读解题技巧，同时提醒学生做主旨题时要避免以偏概全，选择覆盖全文内容的最优选项。
【难度系数】
0.8
做这篇阅读理解时，首先可以先快速浏览题干明确每道题的设问方向，再带着问题回原文定位对应信息：
1. 第1题是细节定位题，直接找描述撒哈拉地理位置的原文段落，比对选项即可选出答案；
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，找到划线单词后的解释句，根据“没有固定住所、四处迁徙”的特征匹配对应的中文释义；
3. 第3题是事物推断题，逐个将选项和原文中关于Bedouin的描述比对，排除和原文不符的错误表述，选出正确项；
4. 第4题是细节理解题，找到沙漠定义的对应段落，直接匹配定义内容即可；
5. 第5题是主旨大意题，梳理全文内容：文章同时介绍了撒哈拉的位置、气候、居民、地貌、演变历史，并非只聚焦某一个方面，因此选择覆盖最全面的主旨选项。
【解析】
1. 原文第一段明确说明撒哈拉沙漠横跨北非，对应选项B，A北亚、C加拿大北部、D北美均不符合原文描述，直接排除。
2. 划线词nomads的后文解释这类人没有固定住所，四处迁徙携带全部生活物资，符合游牧民族的特征，对应选项D，农耕、渔猎、定居民族都不符合“无固定居所四处移动”的特点，排除其余选项。
3. 选项A：原文说明Bedouin的含义是“沙漠居民”，不是热爱沙漠的人，表述错误；选项B：原文提到他们依靠山羊、绵羊和骆驼作为交通方式，没有提到汽车卡车，表述错误；选项C：原文明确指出水对他们来说是最重要的东西，表述正确；选项D：原文说没有水就无法生存，不是没有羊和骆驼就无法生存，表述错误，因此选C。
4. 原文第三段说明沙漠的定义是年降雨量少于250毫米的区域，不是由沙子占比、是否炎热、是否有居民定义的，对应选项D，其余选项均不符合原文定义，排除。
5. 全文从地理位置、气候、居民、地貌、演变历史多个维度介绍撒哈拉沙漠的相关事实，B只讲居民、C只讲天气、D只讲历史都过于片面，只有A能完整概括全文内容，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，主旨大意
【点评】
本题是介绍撒哈拉沙漠的说明类阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读常见的典型题型，难度梯度平缓，引导学生掌握“题干关键词回文定位”的核心阅读解题技巧，同时提醒学生做主旨题时要避免以偏概全，选择覆盖全文内容的最优选项。
【难度系数】
0.8