五、根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限一词。
Little Women is a novel written by Louisa May Alcott. It is a story about four sisters in New England: Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy, and it is based on her own l 1 of growing up with her three sisters.
When the story begins, the sisters are complaining because they are p 2 and have to work. Their mother says that they mustn't spend money on pleasure b 3 there is a war and everybody must help. Their f 4 is in the army. In the letters their father sends home he tells his daughters to work hard and not to waste their time. They must try to accept (主动接受) the bad things in their lives and stay c 5. He wants to be proud of them when he comes home. The girls d 6 to make an effort to improve themselves because they love and miss their father very much. In the e 7, their father returns home from the war. The novel ends with the family h 8 gathering together. Each sister is thankful for his blessings and for each other.
The book tells a story about growth, family, friendship and love.Though they are not p 9 and they all have their own weaknesses, they try to deal with their own problems. A 10 we grow up, we also meet with a lot of problems. If we try to be happy, to be brave, to be thankful when we face difficulties (困难), we can get what we want.
Little Women is a novel written by Louisa May Alcott. It is a story about four sisters in New England: Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy, and it is based on her own l 1 of growing up with her three sisters.
When the story begins, the sisters are complaining because they are p 2 and have to work. Their mother says that they mustn't spend money on pleasure b 3 there is a war and everybody must help. Their f 4 is in the army. In the letters their father sends home he tells his daughters to work hard and not to waste their time. They must try to accept (主动接受) the bad things in their lives and stay c 5. He wants to be proud of them when he comes home. The girls d 6 to make an effort to improve themselves because they love and miss their father very much. In the e 7, their father returns home from the war. The novel ends with the family h 8 gathering together. Each sister is thankful for his blessings and for each other.
The book tells a story about growth, family, friendship and love.Though they are not p 9 and they all have their own weaknesses, they try to deal with their own problems. A 10 we grow up, we also meet with a lot of problems. If we try to be happy, to be brave, to be thankful when we face difficulties (困难), we can get what we want.
答案：1. life 2. poor 3. because 4. father 5. cheerful
6. decide 7. end 8. happily 9. perfect 10. As
6. decide 7. end 8. happily 9. perfect 10. As
解析：
【分析】
做这类首字母填空题型，首先要先通读整篇短文，明确本文是介绍名著《小妇人》的故事背景与核心主旨，掌握整体叙事逻辑后，再逐空结合前后文语义、给出的首字母提示，同时兼顾句子的语法成分、固定搭配来推导合适的单词，全部填完后还要把所有词代入通读，检查语义是否通顺、逻辑是否连贯。比如遇到因果逻辑的空就匹配对应首字母的连词，遇到修饰动作的空就优先考虑副词形式，遇到固定结构提示的空可以直接联想对应短语。
【解析】
1. 句意为“这部小说基于她自己和三个姐妹一同长大的生活”，首字母为l，life表示“生活”，完全符合语境，故填life。
2. 句意为“故事开篇姐妹们在抱怨，因为她们很穷，不得不工作”，首字母为p，poor表示“贫穷的”，和后文不能随意花钱享乐的设定呼应，故填poor。
3. 句意为“她们的妈妈说不能把钱花在享乐上，因为正在打仗，每个人都要出力”，前后是因果逻辑关系，首字母为b，because表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句，故填because。
4. 后文多次提到父亲从前线寄信、从战场归家的情节，对应本句“她们的父亲在军队里”，首字母为f，故填father。
5. 句意为“她们必须试着接受生活里的糟心事，保持乐观开朗”，stay是系动词后接形容词，首字母为c，cheerful表示“快乐的、开朗的”，符合父亲对女儿的期许，故填cheerful。
6. 句意为“女孩们决定努力提升自己，因为她们非常爱和思念父亲”，decide to do sth是固定搭配表示“决定做某事”，主语是复数，用动词原形，首字母为d，故填decide。
7. 句意为“最后，她们的父亲从战场回到了家”，固定短语in the end表示“最后、最终”，首字母为e，故填end。
8. 句意为“小说的结尾一家人开心地聚在一起”，此处修饰动词gathering需要用副词，首字母为h，happily表示“开心地”，符合语境，故填happily。
9. 句意为“尽管她们并不完美，每个人都有自己的缺点，她们还是试着处理自己的问题”，后文的weaknesses（缺点）提示此处对应“不完美”，首字母为p，perfect表示“完美的”，故填perfect。
10. 句意为“随着我们长大，我们也会遇到很多问题”，as引导时间状语从句表示“随着”，首字母为a，故填As。
【答案】
1. life 2. poor 3. because 4. father 5. cheerful
6. decide 7. end 8. happily 9. perfect 10. As
【知识点】
首字母填空，语境词义辨析，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题选取经典文学作品《小妇人》的相关介绍作为语篇，既考查学生对初中核心词汇的掌握程度，也锻炼学生结合上下文逻辑推导词义的能力，同时还能让学生积累经典名著相关的课外常识，大部分空难度适中，仅个别空需要注意词性转换，整体区分度设置合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类首字母填空题型，首先要先通读整篇短文，明确本文是介绍名著《小妇人》的故事背景与核心主旨，掌握整体叙事逻辑后，再逐空结合前后文语义、给出的首字母提示，同时兼顾句子的语法成分、固定搭配来推导合适的单词，全部填完后还要把所有词代入通读，检查语义是否通顺、逻辑是否连贯。比如遇到因果逻辑的空就匹配对应首字母的连词，遇到修饰动作的空就优先考虑副词形式，遇到固定结构提示的空可以直接联想对应短语。
【解析】
1. 句意为“这部小说基于她自己和三个姐妹一同长大的生活”，首字母为l，life表示“生活”，完全符合语境，故填life。
2. 句意为“故事开篇姐妹们在抱怨，因为她们很穷，不得不工作”，首字母为p，poor表示“贫穷的”，和后文不能随意花钱享乐的设定呼应，故填poor。
3. 句意为“她们的妈妈说不能把钱花在享乐上，因为正在打仗，每个人都要出力”，前后是因果逻辑关系，首字母为b，because表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句，故填because。
4. 后文多次提到父亲从前线寄信、从战场归家的情节，对应本句“她们的父亲在军队里”，首字母为f，故填father。
5. 句意为“她们必须试着接受生活里的糟心事，保持乐观开朗”，stay是系动词后接形容词，首字母为c，cheerful表示“快乐的、开朗的”，符合父亲对女儿的期许，故填cheerful。
6. 句意为“女孩们决定努力提升自己，因为她们非常爱和思念父亲”，decide to do sth是固定搭配表示“决定做某事”，主语是复数，用动词原形，首字母为d，故填decide。
7. 句意为“最后，她们的父亲从战场回到了家”，固定短语in the end表示“最后、最终”，首字母为e，故填end。
8. 句意为“小说的结尾一家人开心地聚在一起”，此处修饰动词gathering需要用副词，首字母为h，happily表示“开心地”，符合语境，故填happily。
9. 句意为“尽管她们并不完美，每个人都有自己的缺点，她们还是试着处理自己的问题”，后文的weaknesses（缺点）提示此处对应“不完美”，首字母为p，perfect表示“完美的”，故填perfect。
10. 句意为“随着我们长大，我们也会遇到很多问题”，as引导时间状语从句表示“随着”，首字母为a，故填As。
【答案】
1. life 2. poor 3. because 4. father 5. cheerful
6. decide 7. end 8. happily 9. perfect 10. As
【知识点】
首字母填空，语境词义辨析，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题选取经典文学作品《小妇人》的相关介绍作为语篇，既考查学生对初中核心词汇的掌握程度，也锻炼学生结合上下文逻辑推导词义的能力，同时还能让学生积累经典名著相关的课外常识，大部分空难度适中，仅个别空需要注意词性转换，整体区分度设置合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
六、完形填空。(2025·江苏扬州期末)
One day, a little boy asked his father, "What does the word 'great' mean? Who are great people and how do they become great?" The father asked the boy to bring two young 1 home. Then he told him to plant one of them inside the house and the other outside the house. The boy did as his father 2.
The father asked his son, "My boy, which of the two trees do you think will be 3?" The boy answered, "The one inside the house will be safer 4 it will grow bigger. But the tree outside the house is not safe at all. No one will be there to 5 it. And animals may eat it."
The father smiled and said, "Let's wait and 6. We will know the answer one day." Then the boy left for study and after four 7 he came back. He said to his father, "Look! 8 happens to this young tree inside the house and it is safe." When the boy went outside, he was very 9 to see a very big tree. The boy couldn't believe his eyes. He couldn't 10 how the young tree outside was able to grow much bigger than the one inside the house.
"The tree outside the house 11 many difficulties!" the father told his son 12 the tree outside was bigger. "The tree inside was safe. It didn't face weather changes, and it didn't get enough 13, so it didn't become big."
Here is the 14 to the question about being great: To become a great person, one must 15 many times, experience many difficulties and try to solve (解决) them. Only after that is he or she able to become great.
(
B. flowers
C. trees
D. cats
(
B. thought
C. showed
D. said
(
B. bigger
C. smaller
D. greener
(
B. or
C. so
D. because
(
B. pay for
C. look at
D. wait for
(
B. call
C. see
D. sing
(
B. weeks
C. days
D. years
(
B. Anything
C. Everything
D. Something
(
B. bored
C. pleased
D. surprised
(
B. understand
C. remember
D. choose
(
B. missed
C. kept
D. cost
(
B. why
C. when
D. where
(
B. water
C. food
D. care
(
B. reason
C. meaning
D. answer
(
B. manage
C. fail
D. prepare
One day, a little boy asked his father, "What does the word 'great' mean? Who are great people and how do they become great?" The father asked the boy to bring two young 1 home. Then he told him to plant one of them inside the house and the other outside the house. The boy did as his father 2.
The father asked his son, "My boy, which of the two trees do you think will be 3?" The boy answered, "The one inside the house will be safer 4 it will grow bigger. But the tree outside the house is not safe at all. No one will be there to 5 it. And animals may eat it."
The father smiled and said, "Let's wait and 6. We will know the answer one day." Then the boy left for study and after four 7 he came back. He said to his father, "Look! 8 happens to this young tree inside the house and it is safe." When the boy went outside, he was very 9 to see a very big tree. The boy couldn't believe his eyes. He couldn't 10 how the young tree outside was able to grow much bigger than the one inside the house.
"The tree outside the house 11 many difficulties!" the father told his son 12 the tree outside was bigger. "The tree inside was safe. It didn't face weather changes, and it didn't get enough 13, so it didn't become big."
Here is the 14 to the question about being great: To become a great person, one must 15 many times, experience many difficulties and try to solve (解决) them. Only after that is he or she able to become great.
(
C
)1. A. dogsB. flowers
C. trees
D. cats
(
D
)2. A. allowedB. thought
C. showed
D. said
(
B
)3. A. prettierB. bigger
C. smaller
D. greener
(
C
)4. A. butB. or
C. so
D. because
(
A
)5. A. look afterB. pay for
C. look at
D. wait for
(
C
)6. A. jumpB. call
C. see
D. sing
(
D
)7. A. hoursB. weeks
C. days
D. years
(
A
)8. A. NothingB. Anything
C. Everything
D. Something
(
D
)9. A. excitedB. bored
C. pleased
D. surprised
(
B
)10. A. decideB. understand
C. remember
D. choose
(
A
)11. A. facedB. missed
C. kept
D. cost
(
B
)12. A. howB. why
C. when
D. where
(
A
)13. A. sunlightB. water
C. food
D. care
(
D
)14. A. exampleB. reason
C. meaning
D. answer
(
C
)15. A. joinB. manage
C. fail
D. prepare
答案：1. C 【点拨】由文中多次提及的“tree”可知，这里是让带“树苗”回家。故选 C。
2. D 【点拨】“as one said”表示“按照某人说的”，是固定表达。故选 D。
3. B 【点拨】根据后文对两棵树生长情况的讨论以及男孩的回答可知，此处在讨论哪棵树会长得“更大”。故选 B。
4. C 【点拨】分析语境可知，“it will grow bigger”是“The one inside the house will be safer”的结果，用“so”表示。故选 C。
5. A 【点拨】根据“No one will be there to 5 it.”可知，这里说屋外的树没人“照顾”。故选 A。
6. C 【点拨】“wait and see”意为“等着瞧”，是固定短语。故选 C。
7. D 【点拨】根据“Then the boy left for study and after four 7 he came back.”及“a very big tree”可知，“四年”时间比较符合树长大的逻辑。故选 D。
8. A 【点拨】根据“it is safe”以及后文对比屋外树的变化可知，屋内的树“没什么”变化。故选 A。
9. D 【点拨】根据语境可知，男孩原本认为屋外的树不安全长不大，看到大树时应该是“惊讶的”。故选 D。
10. B 【点拨】根据语境和前文男孩的想法可知，这里指他“无法理解”这种差异。故选 B。
11. A 【点拨】根据语境可知，这里说屋外的树“面临”很多困难，此处选 faced。故选 A。
12. B 【点拨】根据语境可知，父亲接下来是在解释屋外的树更大的“原因”，用“why”引导宾语从句。故选 B。
13. A 【点拨】根据常识可知，树生长需要阳光，这里说屋内的树因没有足够“阳光”所以没长大。故选 A。
14. D 【点拨】根据语境可知，前文男孩问关于“伟大”的问题，这里是给出“答案”。故选 D。
15. C 【点拨】根据语境并结合故事中树的经历可知，成为伟大的人要像屋外的树一样“经历多次失败”。故选 C。
2. D 【点拨】“as one said”表示“按照某人说的”，是固定表达。故选 D。
3. B 【点拨】根据后文对两棵树生长情况的讨论以及男孩的回答可知，此处在讨论哪棵树会长得“更大”。故选 B。
4. C 【点拨】分析语境可知，“it will grow bigger”是“The one inside the house will be safer”的结果，用“so”表示。故选 C。
5. A 【点拨】根据“No one will be there to 5 it.”可知，这里说屋外的树没人“照顾”。故选 A。
6. C 【点拨】“wait and see”意为“等着瞧”，是固定短语。故选 C。
7. D 【点拨】根据“Then the boy left for study and after four 7 he came back.”及“a very big tree”可知，“四年”时间比较符合树长大的逻辑。故选 D。
8. A 【点拨】根据“it is safe”以及后文对比屋外树的变化可知，屋内的树“没什么”变化。故选 A。
9. D 【点拨】根据语境可知，男孩原本认为屋外的树不安全长不大，看到大树时应该是“惊讶的”。故选 D。
10. B 【点拨】根据语境和前文男孩的想法可知，这里指他“无法理解”这种差异。故选 B。
11. A 【点拨】根据语境可知，这里说屋外的树“面临”很多困难，此处选 faced。故选 A。
12. B 【点拨】根据语境可知，父亲接下来是在解释屋外的树更大的“原因”，用“why”引导宾语从句。故选 B。
13. A 【点拨】根据常识可知，树生长需要阳光，这里说屋内的树因没有足够“阳光”所以没长大。故选 A。
14. D 【点拨】根据语境可知，前文男孩问关于“伟大”的问题，这里是给出“答案”。故选 D。
15. C 【点拨】根据语境并结合故事中树的经历可知，成为伟大的人要像屋外的树一样“经历多次失败”。故选 C。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇哲理叙事类完形填空，解题时首先要通读全文梳理故事主线：父亲通过将两棵树苗分别种在室内、室外，观察二者的生长差异，解答小男孩关于“如何成为伟人”的疑问。解题过程中优先通过上下文的前后呼应找线索，比如后文多次出现的“tree”可以直接对应第1题的答案；遇到逻辑连词题要先理清前后句的逻辑关系，固定搭配题结合平时积累判断，部分题目还要结合生活常识和全文主旨排除错误选项，最终选出最贴合语境的答案。
【解析】
1. 后文全文多次提及种树、树木生长的相关情节，说明父亲让男孩带回家的是两棵小树苗，dogs狗、flowers花、cats猫均不符合后文情节，选C。
2. 此处表达男孩按照父亲说的话完成了操作，“as one said”是固定表达，意为“按照某人说的做”，allowed允许、thought思考、showed展示均不符合语境，选D。
3. 根据后文男孩的回答、以及后文对两棵树最终大小的对比，可知父子二人讨论的是哪棵树会长得更大，prettier更漂亮、smaller更小、greener更绿均不符合讨论核心，选B。
4. 前半句“室内的树更安全”，后半句“它会长得更大”是顺承的因果结果，用so“所以”连接，but表转折、or表选择/否则、because表原因均不符合逻辑，选C。
5. 前文提到屋外的树一点都不安全，说明没有人在旁边照顾它，look after照顾、pay for付费、look at看、wait for等待，只有look after符合语境，选A。
6. “wait and see”是固定短语，意为“等着瞧”，符合父亲说等待一段时间再看结果的语境，jump跳、call呼叫、sing唱歌均不符合，选C。
7. 男孩外出求学，小树苗长成参天大树，四小时、四周、四天的时长都不符合树木生长的客观规律，四年的时间逻辑合理，选D。
8. 后文提到室内的树很安全，说明它没有遭遇任何意外，什么变化都没有发生，nothing没有任何事，其余选项均不符合“安全无变故”的描述，选A。
9. 男孩原本认为屋外的树不安全、长不好，结果看到了一棵很大的树，预期和现实的反差让他非常惊讶，excited兴奋的、bored无聊的、pleased高兴的都不符合语境，选D。
10. 男孩之前的认知和眼前的现象完全相反，所以他无法理解为什么屋外的树比室内的大很多，understand理解符合语境，decide决定、remember记住、choose选择均不符合，选B。
11. 此处父亲解释屋外的树的生长经历，它直面、遭遇了很多困难，faced面对符合语境，missed错过、kept保持、cost花费均不合适，选A。
12. 父亲接下来的内容是在解释屋外的树长得更大的原因，用why引导宾语从句表“为什么”，how如何、when何时、where哪里均不符合语义，选B。
13. 根据常识，植物生长必须的要素是阳光，种在室内的树无法获得充足的自然阳光，所以长不大，sunlight阳光符合逻辑，选A。
14. 文章开头小男孩提出了关于“伟大”的疑问，此处父亲通过树的故事给出了这个问题的答案，answer答案符合语境，选D。
15. 结合全文主旨，想要成为伟大的人，就要像屋外的树一样，经历多次失败、体验诸多困难并解决它们，fail失败符合故事传递的“历经磨难才能成长”的核心，选C。
【答案】
1-5 CDBCA
6-10 CDADB
11-15 ABADC
【知识点】
语境逻辑推理，固定短语辨析，词义辨析
【点评】
本题属于初中英语典型的叙事哲理类完形填空，大部分题目都可以通过上下文的呼应线索直接推导得出答案，少数题目结合生活常识和主旨即可判断，既考查学生对基础词汇、固定搭配的掌握程度，也传递了“直面困难才能成长”的正向价值观，符合日常期末测试的考查难度。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇哲理叙事类完形填空，解题时首先要通读全文梳理故事主线：父亲通过将两棵树苗分别种在室内、室外，观察二者的生长差异，解答小男孩关于“如何成为伟人”的疑问。解题过程中优先通过上下文的前后呼应找线索，比如后文多次出现的“tree”可以直接对应第1题的答案；遇到逻辑连词题要先理清前后句的逻辑关系，固定搭配题结合平时积累判断，部分题目还要结合生活常识和全文主旨排除错误选项，最终选出最贴合语境的答案。
【解析】
1. 后文全文多次提及种树、树木生长的相关情节，说明父亲让男孩带回家的是两棵小树苗，dogs狗、flowers花、cats猫均不符合后文情节，选C。
2. 此处表达男孩按照父亲说的话完成了操作，“as one said”是固定表达，意为“按照某人说的做”，allowed允许、thought思考、showed展示均不符合语境，选D。
3. 根据后文男孩的回答、以及后文对两棵树最终大小的对比，可知父子二人讨论的是哪棵树会长得更大，prettier更漂亮、smaller更小、greener更绿均不符合讨论核心，选B。
4. 前半句“室内的树更安全”，后半句“它会长得更大”是顺承的因果结果，用so“所以”连接，but表转折、or表选择/否则、because表原因均不符合逻辑，选C。
5. 前文提到屋外的树一点都不安全，说明没有人在旁边照顾它，look after照顾、pay for付费、look at看、wait for等待，只有look after符合语境，选A。
6. “wait and see”是固定短语，意为“等着瞧”，符合父亲说等待一段时间再看结果的语境，jump跳、call呼叫、sing唱歌均不符合，选C。
7. 男孩外出求学，小树苗长成参天大树，四小时、四周、四天的时长都不符合树木生长的客观规律，四年的时间逻辑合理，选D。
8. 后文提到室内的树很安全，说明它没有遭遇任何意外，什么变化都没有发生，nothing没有任何事，其余选项均不符合“安全无变故”的描述，选A。
9. 男孩原本认为屋外的树不安全、长不好，结果看到了一棵很大的树，预期和现实的反差让他非常惊讶，excited兴奋的、bored无聊的、pleased高兴的都不符合语境，选D。
10. 男孩之前的认知和眼前的现象完全相反，所以他无法理解为什么屋外的树比室内的大很多，understand理解符合语境，decide决定、remember记住、choose选择均不符合，选B。
11. 此处父亲解释屋外的树的生长经历，它直面、遭遇了很多困难，faced面对符合语境，missed错过、kept保持、cost花费均不合适，选A。
12. 父亲接下来的内容是在解释屋外的树长得更大的原因，用why引导宾语从句表“为什么”，how如何、when何时、where哪里均不符合语义，选B。
13. 根据常识，植物生长必须的要素是阳光，种在室内的树无法获得充足的自然阳光，所以长不大，sunlight阳光符合逻辑，选A。
14. 文章开头小男孩提出了关于“伟大”的疑问，此处父亲通过树的故事给出了这个问题的答案，answer答案符合语境，选D。
15. 结合全文主旨，想要成为伟大的人，就要像屋外的树一样，经历多次失败、体验诸多困难并解决它们，fail失败符合故事传递的“历经磨难才能成长”的核心，选C。
【答案】
1-5 CDBCA
6-10 CDADB
11-15 ABADC
【知识点】
语境逻辑推理，固定短语辨析，词义辨析
【点评】
本题属于初中英语典型的叙事哲理类完形填空，大部分题目都可以通过上下文的呼应线索直接推导得出答案，少数题目结合生活常识和主旨即可判断，既考查学生对基础词汇、固定搭配的掌握程度，也传递了“直面困难才能成长”的正向价值观，符合日常期末测试的考查难度。
【难度系数】
0.7