Ⅱ. 读后感
读书交流会开始了，大家踊跃地分享自己最近阅读的书籍以及读后感。Simon 最近读了《史记》，听听看他的想法吧！
文化意识 文化鉴赏
Reading history books can let us learn from great people in history and live better. A history book that you can't miss is *Historical Records*, or *Shiji*.
Historical Records* is the first biographical (传记的) general history book of China. Sima Qian, 1. ______ official (官员) during the Western Han Dynasty wrote it. The work records the events beginning with the famous Yellow Emperor 2. ______ ending with the first years of the Han Wudi period, 3. ______ (cover) around 3,000 years.
In this book, I really like how the writer described different people. For example, there's Da Yu, the founder of the Xia Dynasty. He 4. (try) so hard to stop a big flood that he refused 5. (enter) his home while passing by for three times. His selflessness (无私) is really 6. (move). The story makes me keep thinking that I also hope to be a great person like Da Yu.
There are also two legendary farmers, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. They stood up and led a group of people 7. the tyrannical (残暴的) Qin Dynasty. They won against the Qin and led the way for the Han Dynasty. 8. (they) story shows that every human, whatever his birth, can become something great if he tries his best.
When I read this book, I could see how Sima Qian made the characters come 9. (live) with his words. This makes the book full of strong 10. (feel) of love and hate, and I love the stories.
读书交流会开始了，大家踊跃地分享自己最近阅读的书籍以及读后感。Simon 最近读了《史记》，听听看他的想法吧！
文化意识 文化鉴赏
Reading history books can let us learn from great people in history and live better. A history book that you can't miss is *Historical Records*, or *Shiji*.
Historical Records* is the first biographical (传记的) general history book of China. Sima Qian, 1. ______ official (官员) during the Western Han Dynasty wrote it. The work records the events beginning with the famous Yellow Emperor 2. ______ ending with the first years of the Han Wudi period, 3. ______ (cover) around 3,000 years.
In this book, I really like how the writer described different people. For example, there's Da Yu, the founder of the Xia Dynasty. He 4. (try) so hard to stop a big flood that he refused 5. (enter) his home while passing by for three times. His selflessness (无私) is really 6. (move). The story makes me keep thinking that I also hope to be a great person like Da Yu.
There are also two legendary farmers, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. They stood up and led a group of people 7. the tyrannical (残暴的) Qin Dynasty. They won against the Qin and led the way for the Han Dynasty. 8. (they) story shows that every human, whatever his birth, can become something great if he tries his best.
When I read this book, I could see how Sima Qian made the characters come 9. (live) with his words. This makes the book full of strong 10. (feel) of love and hate, and I love the stories.
答案：1. an 解析:official 为可数名词单数,且发音以元音音素开头,不定冠词用 an,故填 an。
2. and 解析:beginning with ... and ending with ... 为固定结构,意为“从……开始,到……结束”,表并列关系,故填 and。
3. covering 解析:此处用现在分词作伴随状语,cover 的现在分词为 covering,意为“涵盖”,故填 covering。
4. tried 解析:根据后文 refused 可知,句子用一般过去时,try 的过去式为 tried,故填 tried。
5. to enter 解析:refuse to do sth 为固定用法,意为“拒绝做某事”,故填 to enter。
6. moving 解析:此处修饰 His selflessness(他的无私),需用形容词,move 的形容词形式为 moving,意为“令人感动的”,故填 moving。
7. against 解析:stand up against 为固定搭配,意为“反抗”,此处指“反抗残暴的秦朝”,故填 against。
8. Their 解析:此处修饰名词 story,需用形容词性物主代词,they 的形容词性物主代词为 Their,故填 Their。
9. alive 解析:come alive 为固定搭配,意为“变得生动;活起来”,故填 alive。
10. feelings 解析:strong 后接名词,feel 的名词形式为 feeling,此处表泛指,用复数形式 feelings,故填 feelings。
2. and 解析:beginning with ... and ending with ... 为固定结构,意为“从……开始,到……结束”,表并列关系,故填 and。
3. covering 解析:此处用现在分词作伴随状语,cover 的现在分词为 covering,意为“涵盖”,故填 covering。
4. tried 解析:根据后文 refused 可知,句子用一般过去时,try 的过去式为 tried,故填 tried。
5. to enter 解析:refuse to do sth 为固定用法,意为“拒绝做某事”,故填 to enter。
6. moving 解析:此处修饰 His selflessness(他的无私),需用形容词,move 的形容词形式为 moving,意为“令人感动的”,故填 moving。
7. against 解析:stand up against 为固定搭配,意为“反抗”,此处指“反抗残暴的秦朝”,故填 against。
8. Their 解析:此处修饰名词 story,需用形容词性物主代词,they 的形容词性物主代词为 Their,故填 Their。
9. alive 解析:come alive 为固定搭配,意为“变得生动;活起来”,故填 alive。
10. feelings 解析:strong 后接名词,feel 的名词形式为 feeling,此处表泛指,用复数形式 feelings,故填 feelings。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇围绕《史记》展开的读后感完形填空题，解题时需先通读全文，把握文章核心内容——作者对《史记》的评价及书中典型人物的精神解读。之后针对每个空，结合语境、语法规则和固定搭配逐一分析：
1. 第1空：需确定可数名词单数前的冠词，结合单词发音和冠词用法判断；
2. 第2空：观察前后短语“beginning with...”与“ending with...”的并列关系，选择合适的并列连词；
3. 第3空：句子已有谓语动词，此处需用非谓语动词作伴随状语，根据动词与主语的主动关系确定形式；
4. 第4空：根据后文谓语动词的时态，判断本句时态，填写动词的过去式；
5. 第5空：考查动词refuse的固定搭配，牢记“refuse to do sth”的用法；
6. 第6空：修饰表示事物的名词“selflessness”，需用-ing形式的形容词；
7. 第7空：结合语境“反抗残暴的秦朝”，匹配对应的固定搭配；
8. 第8空：修饰名词“story”，需使用形容词性物主代词；
9. 第9空：考查固定短语“come alive”的含义和用法；
10. 第10空：形容词“strong”后需接名词，且此处表泛指，要用名词的复数形式。
【解析】
1. an：official是可数名词单数，且发音以元音音素开头，根据不定冠词的用法，元音音素开头的可数名词单数前用an，故填an。
2. and：“beginning with ... and ending with ...”是固定结构，用于表示“从……开始，到……结束”，表并列关系，故填and。
3. covering：句子已有谓语动词records，此处需用非谓语动词作伴随状语，cover与主语The work是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式covering，意为“涵盖”，故填covering。
4. tried：根据后文的refused（一般过去式）可知，本句时态为一般过去时，try的过去式是tried，故填tried。
5. to enter：“refuse to do sth”是固定用法，意为“拒绝做某事”，所以填to enter。
6. moving：此处修饰名词His selflessness（表事物），需用形容词，move的形容词形式moving表示“令人感动的”，符合语境，故填moving。
7. against：“stand up against”是固定搭配，意为“反抗”，此处指陈胜吴广带领人们反抗残暴的秦朝，故填against。
8. Their：此处修饰名词story，需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是Their，故填Their。
9. alive：“come alive”是固定短语，意为“变得生动；活起来”，符合文中“司马迁用文字让人物变得生动”的语境，故填alive。
10. feelings：形容词strong后需接名词，feel的名词形式是feeling，此处表泛指各种情感，所以用复数形式feelings，故填feelings。
【答案】
1. an
2. and
3. covering
4. tried
5. to enter
6. moving
7. against
8. Their
9. alive
10. feelings
【知识点】
固定搭配、语法词性转换、时态用法
【点评】
本题以《史记》读后感为载体，将语言知识考查与文化鉴赏相结合，涵盖冠词、连词、非谓语动词、固定搭配等多种基础语法点，既考查学生的语言运用能力，又能引导学生了解中国传统文化，提升文化意识。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇围绕《史记》展开的读后感完形填空题，解题时需先通读全文，把握文章核心内容——作者对《史记》的评价及书中典型人物的精神解读。之后针对每个空，结合语境、语法规则和固定搭配逐一分析：
1. 第1空：需确定可数名词单数前的冠词，结合单词发音和冠词用法判断；
2. 第2空：观察前后短语“beginning with...”与“ending with...”的并列关系，选择合适的并列连词；
3. 第3空：句子已有谓语动词，此处需用非谓语动词作伴随状语，根据动词与主语的主动关系确定形式；
4. 第4空：根据后文谓语动词的时态，判断本句时态，填写动词的过去式；
5. 第5空：考查动词refuse的固定搭配，牢记“refuse to do sth”的用法；
6. 第6空：修饰表示事物的名词“selflessness”，需用-ing形式的形容词；
7. 第7空：结合语境“反抗残暴的秦朝”，匹配对应的固定搭配；
8. 第8空：修饰名词“story”，需使用形容词性物主代词；
9. 第9空：考查固定短语“come alive”的含义和用法；
10. 第10空：形容词“strong”后需接名词，且此处表泛指，要用名词的复数形式。
【解析】
1. an：official是可数名词单数，且发音以元音音素开头，根据不定冠词的用法，元音音素开头的可数名词单数前用an，故填an。
2. and：“beginning with ... and ending with ...”是固定结构，用于表示“从……开始，到……结束”，表并列关系，故填and。
3. covering：句子已有谓语动词records，此处需用非谓语动词作伴随状语，cover与主语The work是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式covering，意为“涵盖”，故填covering。
4. tried：根据后文的refused（一般过去式）可知，本句时态为一般过去时，try的过去式是tried，故填tried。
5. to enter：“refuse to do sth”是固定用法，意为“拒绝做某事”，所以填to enter。
6. moving：此处修饰名词His selflessness（表事物），需用形容词，move的形容词形式moving表示“令人感动的”，符合语境，故填moving。
7. against：“stand up against”是固定搭配，意为“反抗”，此处指陈胜吴广带领人们反抗残暴的秦朝，故填against。
8. Their：此处修饰名词story，需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是Their，故填Their。
9. alive：“come alive”是固定短语，意为“变得生动；活起来”，符合文中“司马迁用文字让人物变得生动”的语境，故填alive。
10. feelings：形容词strong后需接名词，feel的名词形式是feeling，此处表泛指各种情感，所以用复数形式feelings，故填feelings。
【答案】
1. an
2. and
3. covering
4. tried
5. to enter
6. moving
7. against
8. Their
9. alive
10. feelings
【知识点】
固定搭配、语法词性转换、时态用法
【点评】
本题以《史记》读后感为载体，将语言知识考查与文化鉴赏相结合，涵盖冠词、连词、非谓语动词、固定搭配等多种基础语法点，既考查学生的语言运用能力，又能引导学生了解中国传统文化，提升文化意识。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅲ. 诗歌研究
Amy 介绍了外国的诗人、作家是如何写秋天的。我们一起来学习一下吧！
文化意识 文化鉴赏
For writers in Western cultures, fall is a season difficult to describe. On the one hand, it is the end of the summer, so it's a little sad. The nights fall. And when you wake in the morning, there's fog and it's cooler: Winter is coming.
American writer Ernest Hemingway wrote in his book *A Moveable Feast*, "You expected to be sad in the fall. Part of you died each year when the leaves fell from the trees and their branches were bare (光秃秃的) against the wind and the cold, wintry light."
On the other hand, fall has its good side. There are many changes in nature at this time of year, such as the reds and browns that the leaves change to, and the way they fall from the trees. The French writer Albert Camus even thought fall was a second spring: "Autumn is a second spring when every leaf is a flower." It's a view you can also find in the most famous fall poem in English literature, *To Autumn* by John Keats. In that poem, Keats said that fall has its songs just like spring.
Another fall theme is wisdom. The arrival of the season is thought to be similar to a person becoming *mature*. Their summer peak may have been and gone, but old age has not yet come. At this time, it's thought that people have learnt a thing or two about life.
The great Irish poet W.B. Yeats took up this theme in his poem *The Wild Swans at Coole*. Yeats put together a picture for the readers out of the details of the changing seasons in Coole Park in the west of Ireland, a place he knew well. Seeing and counting 59 swans, he remembered first making the count 19 years ago. He wondered whether he could still love as the lover swans do.
Of course, many other themes and subject matters can play a part in the literature of fall. For example, it's the beginning of a new term of the school year. As you would expect, fall is found in writing for children and young people. But fall writing usually focuses on the changes in nature that we see, which writers often use as a symbol for changes in human life.
1.
A. Ernest Hemingway
B. Albert Camus
C. John Keats
D. W.B. Yeats
2. The underlined word "mature" in Paragraph 4 means "
A. thinking about life carefully
B. having lived for long
C. fully grown and developed
D. not growing any longer
3. 语言能力 推断能力 The writer mentioned some famous writers and poets to
A. give details about their works
B. compare their books and poems
C. show the readers the beauty of fall
D. show different understandings of fall
4. 语言能力 归纳能力 What is the passage mainly about?
A. Changes in nature.
B. Writers in Western cultures.
C. Fall in literature.
D. Wonders in the best season.
Amy 介绍了外国的诗人、作家是如何写秋天的。我们一起来学习一下吧！
文化意识 文化鉴赏
For writers in Western cultures, fall is a season difficult to describe. On the one hand, it is the end of the summer, so it's a little sad. The nights fall. And when you wake in the morning, there's fog and it's cooler: Winter is coming.
American writer Ernest Hemingway wrote in his book *A Moveable Feast*, "You expected to be sad in the fall. Part of you died each year when the leaves fell from the trees and their branches were bare (光秃秃的) against the wind and the cold, wintry light."
On the other hand, fall has its good side. There are many changes in nature at this time of year, such as the reds and browns that the leaves change to, and the way they fall from the trees. The French writer Albert Camus even thought fall was a second spring: "Autumn is a second spring when every leaf is a flower." It's a view you can also find in the most famous fall poem in English literature, *To Autumn* by John Keats. In that poem, Keats said that fall has its songs just like spring.
Another fall theme is wisdom. The arrival of the season is thought to be similar to a person becoming *mature*. Their summer peak may have been and gone, but old age has not yet come. At this time, it's thought that people have learnt a thing or two about life.
The great Irish poet W.B. Yeats took up this theme in his poem *The Wild Swans at Coole*. Yeats put together a picture for the readers out of the details of the changing seasons in Coole Park in the west of Ireland, a place he knew well. Seeing and counting 59 swans, he remembered first making the count 19 years ago. He wondered whether he could still love as the lover swans do.
Of course, many other themes and subject matters can play a part in the literature of fall. For example, it's the beginning of a new term of the school year. As you would expect, fall is found in writing for children and young people. But fall writing usually focuses on the changes in nature that we see, which writers often use as a symbol for changes in human life.
1.
A
expressed the unhappy side of fall in his work.A. Ernest Hemingway
B. Albert Camus
C. John Keats
D. W.B. Yeats
2. The underlined word "mature" in Paragraph 4 means "
C
".A. thinking about life carefully
B. having lived for long
C. fully grown and developed
D. not growing any longer
3. 语言能力 推断能力 The writer mentioned some famous writers and poets to
D
.A. give details about their works
B. compare their books and poems
C. show the readers the beauty of fall
D. show different understandings of fall
4. 语言能力 归纳能力 What is the passage mainly about?
A. Changes in nature.
B. Writers in Western cultures.
C. Fall in literature.
D. Wonders in the best season.
答案：1 - 4 ACDC
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了国外不同的作家、诗人对秋天的不同描述。
1. A 解析:推理判断题。根据“You expected to be sad in the fall.”可知,海明威在《流动的盛宴》中写道“你在秋天会伤心”,由此可知海明威在他的作品中呈现了秋天的悲伤的一面。故选 A。
2. C 解析:词义猜测题。根据“At this time, it's thought that people have learnt a thing or two about life.”可知,在秋天的时候,人们被认为有所收获,因此“mature”表达的是生长与发展完全的。故选 C。
3. D 解析:推理判断题。根据“Of course, many other themes and subject matters can play a part in the literature of fall.”可知,许多其他主题和题材也可以在秋季文学中发挥作用,所以是从不同的角度来理解秋天。故选 D。
4. C 解析:主旨大意题。文章第一段、第二段介绍秋天不好的一面,以及作家海明威如何描写这一面;第三段到第五段介绍秋天有好的一面,以及作家、诗人如何描绘这一面;第六段介绍对秋天的描写还有其他主题。由此推断文章主要讲述秋天在文学中的特征。故选 C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了国外不同的作家、诗人对秋天的不同描述。
1. A 解析:推理判断题。根据“You expected to be sad in the fall.”可知,海明威在《流动的盛宴》中写道“你在秋天会伤心”,由此可知海明威在他的作品中呈现了秋天的悲伤的一面。故选 A。
2. C 解析:词义猜测题。根据“At this time, it's thought that people have learnt a thing or two about life.”可知,在秋天的时候,人们被认为有所收获,因此“mature”表达的是生长与发展完全的。故选 C。
3. D 解析:推理判断题。根据“Of course, many other themes and subject matters can play a part in the literature of fall.”可知,许多其他主题和题材也可以在秋季文学中发挥作用,所以是从不同的角度来理解秋天。故选 D。
4. C 解析:主旨大意题。文章第一段、第二段介绍秋天不好的一面,以及作家海明威如何描写这一面;第三段到第五段介绍秋天有好的一面,以及作家、诗人如何描绘这一面;第六段介绍对秋天的描写还有其他主题。由此推断文章主要讲述秋天在文学中的特征。故选 C。
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：要找出表达秋天悲伤面的作家，需定位文中关于秋天悲伤情绪的描述，找到对应作家即可。文中第二段海明威的话提到“You expected to be sad in the fall”，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境。第四段提到秋天的到来类似人变得mature，后文说明此时人们度过了巅峰期，还未到老年，且学到了生活的道理，由此推断mature是“成熟的，完全成长发展的”意思，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：推理判断题，需结合全文内容分析作者列举作家诗人的目的。文中分别介绍了不同作家对秋天的不同看法，有悲伤的一面，也有美好的一面，还有将秋天比作成熟的智慧主题，所以作者是为了展示对秋天的不同理解，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题，需梳理全文结构。全文围绕西方文学作品中对秋天的各种描写和解读展开，从不同作家的作品呈现秋天的不同主题，所以主旨是文学中的秋天，对应选项C。
【解析】
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中American writer Ernest Hemingway wrote in his book *A Moveable Feast*, "You expected to be sad in the fall."可知，海明威在作品中表达了秋天令人悲伤的一面，故选A。
2. 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The arrival of the season is thought to be similar to a person becoming mature. Their summer peak may have been and gone, but old age has not yet come. At this time, it's thought that people have learnt a thing or two about life.”可知，秋天到来如同人经历过成长巅峰、还未步入老年且懂得生活道理的阶段，由此推断“mature”意为“完全成长并发展的”，故选C。
3. 推理判断题。全文介绍了海明威笔下悲伤的秋天、加缪和济慈眼中美好的秋天、叶芝作品中秋天代表的智慧主题，结合最后一段“many other themes and subject matters can play a part in the literature of fall”，可知作者列举这些作家诗人是为了展示人们对秋天的不同理解，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。文章开篇点明西方作家对秋天的描写，随后分别介绍不同作家作品中秋天的不同主题，最后总结秋天文学还有其他主题，全文围绕“文学中的秋天”展开，故选C。
【答案】
1-4 ACDC
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕西方文学作品中对秋天的不同解读展开，题目涵盖推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意等多种阅读理解常考题型，解题需紧密结合文本细节与整体内容，既考查学生对细节的定位能力，也考查对文本主旨和作者意图的理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：要找出表达秋天悲伤面的作家，需定位文中关于秋天悲伤情绪的描述，找到对应作家即可。文中第二段海明威的话提到“You expected to be sad in the fall”，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境。第四段提到秋天的到来类似人变得mature，后文说明此时人们度过了巅峰期，还未到老年，且学到了生活的道理，由此推断mature是“成熟的，完全成长发展的”意思，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：推理判断题，需结合全文内容分析作者列举作家诗人的目的。文中分别介绍了不同作家对秋天的不同看法，有悲伤的一面，也有美好的一面，还有将秋天比作成熟的智慧主题，所以作者是为了展示对秋天的不同理解，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题，需梳理全文结构。全文围绕西方文学作品中对秋天的各种描写和解读展开，从不同作家的作品呈现秋天的不同主题，所以主旨是文学中的秋天，对应选项C。
【解析】
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中American writer Ernest Hemingway wrote in his book *A Moveable Feast*, "You expected to be sad in the fall."可知，海明威在作品中表达了秋天令人悲伤的一面，故选A。
2. 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The arrival of the season is thought to be similar to a person becoming mature. Their summer peak may have been and gone, but old age has not yet come. At this time, it's thought that people have learnt a thing or two about life.”可知，秋天到来如同人经历过成长巅峰、还未步入老年且懂得生活道理的阶段，由此推断“mature”意为“完全成长并发展的”，故选C。
3. 推理判断题。全文介绍了海明威笔下悲伤的秋天、加缪和济慈眼中美好的秋天、叶芝作品中秋天代表的智慧主题，结合最后一段“many other themes and subject matters can play a part in the literature of fall”，可知作者列举这些作家诗人是为了展示人们对秋天的不同理解，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。文章开篇点明西方作家对秋天的描写，随后分别介绍不同作家作品中秋天的不同主题，最后总结秋天文学还有其他主题，全文围绕“文学中的秋天”展开，故选C。
【答案】
1-4 ACDC
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕西方文学作品中对秋天的不同解读展开，题目涵盖推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意等多种阅读理解常考题型，解题需紧密结合文本细节与整体内容，既考查学生对细节的定位能力，也考查对文本主旨和作者意图的理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6