Ⅲ. 阅读理解(每题2分,满分16分)
A
At the Jinzhong National Agricultural High-Tech Industry Demonstration Zone in Shanxi Province，some truly "out-of-this-world" work is going on. Some upland rice seeds(旱稻种子) that experienced "space breeding(育种)" have grown up there.
The upland rice seeds were taken to the Tiangong space station by the Shenzhou XVI members in May 2023. There，they experienced space radiation(辐射) and microgravity(微重力)，which caused genetic mutations(基因突变).
After spending more than 150 days in space，the seeds returned to Earth on Oct. 31. Scientists studied the mutations. They found that some of the mutations gave the seeds qualities that farmers prefer，such as higher production and faster growth without illness.
"For space breeding，the space environment holds great value，which cannot be copied on Earth，" Professor Dong Qi from Shanxi Agricultural University said. " Traditional breeding usually takes eight to ten years，but space breeding could cut down the time by half，" he added. He explained that these space seeds may look the same on the outside but go through important changes on the inside.
Space breeding，however，is not a simple task. Not all seeds mutate in space，so careful choice is the key. With the little space on the spacecraft，only the chosen seeds are sent. After space travel，the seeds still need to be tested for things like production，quality，and market value. In the end，only a few of the seeds pass the test to become true "space seeds".
The high-tech area in Jinzhong has long been working with China's space programme. Located in Shanxi，which has dry weather，this is the perfect environment for growing and spreading new kinds of upland rice.
The journey of Chinese crop seeds into space began in 1987. Since then，over 3，000 space breeding experiments have gone on，resulting in more than 240 main grain(谷物) kinds and over 400 new types of vegetables，fruits，trees，grasses，and flowers.
1. How long did the upland rice seeds stay in space?
A. At least one year.
B. For only a week.
C. Less than two months.
D. Around five months.
2. What can we infer from what Professor Dong Qi said?
A. The traditional breeding is the same as the space breeding.
B. The space breeding might take about four to five years.
C. The space seeds look different both outside and inside.
D. The environment on Earth is better than that in space.
3. How can the seeds become the true "space seeds"?
①The seeds are tested.
②The seeds are chosen.
③The seeds are sent to space.
④The seeds return from space.
A. ②③④①
B. ①②③④
C. ②①④③
D. ④①③②
4. What's the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain why upland rice is important for farmers in dry areas like Shanxi.
B. To describe how space breeding works and what makes it special.
C. To tell the story of seeds that travelled to space and back with Shenzhou XVI.
D. To show how scientists choose the best seeds after they return from space.
A
At the Jinzhong National Agricultural High-Tech Industry Demonstration Zone in Shanxi Province，some truly "out-of-this-world" work is going on. Some upland rice seeds(旱稻种子) that experienced "space breeding(育种)" have grown up there.
The upland rice seeds were taken to the Tiangong space station by the Shenzhou XVI members in May 2023. There，they experienced space radiation(辐射) and microgravity(微重力)，which caused genetic mutations(基因突变).
After spending more than 150 days in space，the seeds returned to Earth on Oct. 31. Scientists studied the mutations. They found that some of the mutations gave the seeds qualities that farmers prefer，such as higher production and faster growth without illness.
"For space breeding，the space environment holds great value，which cannot be copied on Earth，" Professor Dong Qi from Shanxi Agricultural University said. " Traditional breeding usually takes eight to ten years，but space breeding could cut down the time by half，" he added. He explained that these space seeds may look the same on the outside but go through important changes on the inside.
Space breeding，however，is not a simple task. Not all seeds mutate in space，so careful choice is the key. With the little space on the spacecraft，only the chosen seeds are sent. After space travel，the seeds still need to be tested for things like production，quality，and market value. In the end，only a few of the seeds pass the test to become true "space seeds".
The high-tech area in Jinzhong has long been working with China's space programme. Located in Shanxi，which has dry weather，this is the perfect environment for growing and spreading new kinds of upland rice.
The journey of Chinese crop seeds into space began in 1987. Since then，over 3，000 space breeding experiments have gone on，resulting in more than 240 main grain(谷物) kinds and over 400 new types of vegetables，fruits，trees，grasses，and flowers.
1. How long did the upland rice seeds stay in space?
A. At least one year.
B. For only a week.
C. Less than two months.
D. Around five months.
2. What can we infer from what Professor Dong Qi said?
A. The traditional breeding is the same as the space breeding.
B. The space breeding might take about four to five years.
C. The space seeds look different both outside and inside.
D. The environment on Earth is better than that in space.
3. How can the seeds become the true "space seeds"?
①The seeds are tested.
②The seeds are chosen.
③The seeds are sent to space.
④The seeds return from space.
A. ②③④①
B. ①②③④
C. ②①④③
D. ④①③②
4. What's the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain why upland rice is important for farmers in dry areas like Shanxi.
B. To describe how space breeding works and what makes it special.
C. To tell the story of seeds that travelled to space and back with Shenzhou XVI.
D. To show how scientists choose the best seeds after they return from space.
答案：1 - 4 DBAB
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国在太空育种领域的最新进展。
1. D 解析：数字计算题。根据“After spending more than 150 days in space, the seeds returned to Earth on Oct. 31.”可知，150 天大约是 5 个月，故选 D。
2. B 解析：推理判断题。根据 Professor Dong Qi 的话，“Traditional breeding usually takes eight to ten years, but space breeding could cut down the time by half”可知，传统育种需要 8 到 10 年，而太空育种可以将时间缩短一半，因此太空育种可能需要 4 到 5 年，故选 B。
3. A 解析：事件排序题。根据文章内容可知，种子成为真正的“太空种子”需要经过以下步骤：首先被选中（②），然后被送入太空（③），接着从太空返回（④），最后经过测试（①）。因此正确的顺序是②③④①，故选 A。
4. B 解析：写作意图题。文章不仅介绍了太空育种的流程（如种子进入太空、发生突变、返回地球筛选），还强调了太空育种的优势（如缩短时间、环境不可复制）和挑战（如严格筛选），整体目的是系统说明太空育种的特点和过程，故选 B。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国在太空育种领域的最新进展。
1. D 解析：数字计算题。根据“After spending more than 150 days in space, the seeds returned to Earth on Oct. 31.”可知，150 天大约是 5 个月，故选 D。
2. B 解析：推理判断题。根据 Professor Dong Qi 的话，“Traditional breeding usually takes eight to ten years, but space breeding could cut down the time by half”可知，传统育种需要 8 到 10 年，而太空育种可以将时间缩短一半，因此太空育种可能需要 4 到 5 年，故选 B。
3. A 解析：事件排序题。根据文章内容可知，种子成为真正的“太空种子”需要经过以下步骤：首先被选中（②），然后被送入太空（③），接着从太空返回（④），最后经过测试（①）。因此正确的顺序是②③④①，故选 A。
4. B 解析：写作意图题。文章不仅介绍了太空育种的流程（如种子进入太空、发生突变、返回地球筛选），还强调了太空育种的优势（如缩短时间、环境不可复制）和挑战（如严格筛选），整体目的是系统说明太空育种的特点和过程，故选 B。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍太空育种的说明文，解题时需先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对不同题型采用对应策略：
1. 第1题是数字计算题，需在文中找到种子在太空停留的天数，再换算成月份，注意数字的对应与转换；
2. 第2题是推理判断题，要根据教授的原话进行逻辑推导，不能主观臆断，需基于原文给出的传统育种时间计算太空育种的时长；
3. 第3题是事件排序题，需梳理种子成为“太空种子”的完整流程，从选种、送太空、返回地球到最终测试，按时间先后顺序排列；
4. 第4题是写作意图题，要总结全文内容，判断文章是围绕太空育种的运作流程、独特优势及挑战展开，而非仅聚焦某一局部内容。
【解析】
1. 第1题：数字计算题。根据原文第三段“After spending more than 150 days in space, the seeds returned to Earth on Oct. 31.”可知，150天大约为5个月，对应选项D。
2. 第2题：推理判断题。根据第四段董琪教授的话“Traditional breeding usually takes eight to ten years, but space breeding could cut down the time by half”，传统育种需8-10年，太空育种时间减半，即4-5年，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：事件排序题。根据第五段内容，种子成为真正“太空种子”的流程为：先挑选种子（②），再送入太空（③），从太空返回地球（④），最后进行各项测试（①），正确顺序为②③④①，对应选项A。
4. 第4题：写作意图题。文章既介绍了太空育种的完整流程，又说明了其相较于传统育种的独特优势及筛选的严格性，整体目的是阐述太空育种的运作方式与特点，对应选项B。
【答案】
DBAB
【知识点】
说明文阅读技巧、细节信息提取、逻辑推理判断
【点评】
本文围绕太空育种这一前沿科技展开，题目设置涵盖多种阅读理解常考题型，考查学生提取细节信息、逻辑推理及把握文章主旨的能力。解题时需紧扣原文内容，结合不同题型的解题方法逐一突破，避免脱离原文主观判断。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇介绍太空育种的说明文，解题时需先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对不同题型采用对应策略：
1. 第1题是数字计算题，需在文中找到种子在太空停留的天数，再换算成月份，注意数字的对应与转换；
2. 第2题是推理判断题，要根据教授的原话进行逻辑推导，不能主观臆断，需基于原文给出的传统育种时间计算太空育种的时长；
3. 第3题是事件排序题，需梳理种子成为“太空种子”的完整流程，从选种、送太空、返回地球到最终测试，按时间先后顺序排列；
4. 第4题是写作意图题，要总结全文内容，判断文章是围绕太空育种的运作流程、独特优势及挑战展开，而非仅聚焦某一局部内容。
【解析】
1. 第1题：数字计算题。根据原文第三段“After spending more than 150 days in space, the seeds returned to Earth on Oct. 31.”可知，150天大约为5个月，对应选项D。
2. 第2题：推理判断题。根据第四段董琪教授的话“Traditional breeding usually takes eight to ten years, but space breeding could cut down the time by half”，传统育种需8-10年，太空育种时间减半，即4-5年，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：事件排序题。根据第五段内容，种子成为真正“太空种子”的流程为：先挑选种子（②），再送入太空（③），从太空返回地球（④），最后进行各项测试（①），正确顺序为②③④①，对应选项A。
4. 第4题：写作意图题。文章既介绍了太空育种的完整流程，又说明了其相较于传统育种的独特优势及筛选的严格性，整体目的是阐述太空育种的运作方式与特点，对应选项B。
【答案】
DBAB
【知识点】
说明文阅读技巧、细节信息提取、逻辑推理判断
【点评】
本文围绕太空育种这一前沿科技展开，题目设置涵盖多种阅读理解常考题型，考查学生提取细节信息、逻辑推理及把握文章主旨的能力。解题时需紧扣原文内容，结合不同题型的解题方法逐一突破，避免脱离原文主观判断。
【难度系数】
0.6