Ⅵ. 任务型阅读(每题1分，满分10分)
阅读并根据下面的短文，在表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
(2025·镇江中考改编)Food waste is not just a problem at the dinner table，but a big problem all over the world. Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges. What's worse，pollution and natural disasters may cause food shortage.
In developing countries，forty per cent of food waste happens during harvesting and processing(加工). Because of this，farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty(贫困). They are also short of rapid transportation and refrigeration(冷藏)，so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market. Few farmers can afford industrial-sized fridges to keep their products in good conditions.
Food waste is also discovered in developed countries. More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying. Shockingly，this amount reaches near the yearly food production in some parts of Africa. In many cases，the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look "ugly"，falling short of industry standards.
Polluting and destroying the environment does harm to producing food. A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock(牲畜). Most surprisingly，in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest，800 million trees in the past six years have been cut down to make beef cattle farms. Also，fish farms still create a great deal of pollution as well as diseases. At present，it seems that food production doesn't reduce，but it may influence all the living things on earth in the future.
Natural disasters like droughts and storms can destroy a whole year's crop for an unlucky farmer. Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as "once in a hundred years" happen more and more often. This means that we'll need more resources to produce the same amount of food.
Food waste is harmful to humans，as well as other life on earth. It's not only a problem on customers' dinner tables，but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.
| Food problems | • Food is lost 1.
• Food shortage is caused by pollution and natural disasters. |
| ---- | ---- |
| 2.
Some farmers are 3.
• In developed countries
In the process of selling and buying，5.
| Bad 7.
Some natural areas are 8.
• Natural disasters
A whole year's crop can be destroyed by natural disasters. Natural disasters happen more often，not " once in a 9.
| Conclusion | Food waste is a problem which should be solved by 10.
阅读并根据下面的短文，在表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
(2025·镇江中考改编)Food waste is not just a problem at the dinner table，but a big problem all over the world. Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges. What's worse，pollution and natural disasters may cause food shortage.
In developing countries，forty per cent of food waste happens during harvesting and processing(加工). Because of this，farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty(贫困). They are also short of rapid transportation and refrigeration(冷藏)，so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market. Few farmers can afford industrial-sized fridges to keep their products in good conditions.
Food waste is also discovered in developed countries. More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying. Shockingly，this amount reaches near the yearly food production in some parts of Africa. In many cases，the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look "ugly"，falling short of industry standards.
Polluting and destroying the environment does harm to producing food. A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock(牲畜). Most surprisingly，in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest，800 million trees in the past six years have been cut down to make beef cattle farms. Also，fish farms still create a great deal of pollution as well as diseases. At present，it seems that food production doesn't reduce，but it may influence all the living things on earth in the future.
Natural disasters like droughts and storms can destroy a whole year's crop for an unlucky farmer. Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as "once in a hundred years" happen more and more often. This means that we'll need more resources to produce the same amount of food.
Food waste is harmful to humans，as well as other life on earth. It's not only a problem on customers' dinner tables，but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.
| Food problems | • Food is lost 1.
seriously
from fields to fridges.• Food shortage is caused by pollution and natural disasters. |
| ---- | ---- |
| 2.
Discoveries/Situations/Facts
of food waste in different countries | • In developing countriesSome farmers are 3.
poor
all the time because of the food waste. Crops may go bad because they can't be transported 4. rapidly/quickly/fast
. Products can't be kept in good conditions because of the limited refrigeration.• In developed countries
In the process of selling and buying，5.
over
40% of food waste happens. The amount is almost the food production in some parts of Africa in a year. People throw the vegetables and fruit away 6. unless
they look nice and meet standards. || Bad 7.
influences
on producing food | • Destroying environmentSome natural areas are 8.
reduced
to grow food crops on and raise livestock. Pollution，as well as diseases，is created by fish farms.• Natural disasters
A whole year's crop can be destroyed by natural disasters. Natural disasters happen more often，not " once in a 9.
century
" in the past. More resources are needed to produce the same amount of food. || Conclusion | Food waste is a problem which should be solved by 10.
both
customers and the governments. |答案：Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了食物浪费是全球性的大问题。
1. seriously 解析:根据“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges.”可知，食物从农田到消费者的冰箱都有严重的损失，此处用副词“seriously”修饰动词“lost”，表示“严重地”。
2. Discoveries/Situations/Facts 解析:根据表格内容可知，下文介绍了发展中国家和发达国家食物浪费的情况，“Discoveries/Situations/Facts”意为“情况，事实”，符合语境，句首单词首字母大写。
3. poor 解析:根据“Because of this, farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty.”可知，一些农民因为食物浪费一直很贫穷，“poor”意为“贫穷的”，符合语境。
4. rapidly/quickly/fast 解析:根据“They are also short of rapid transportation and refrigeration, so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market.”可知，因为运输不迅速，庄稼可能会变质，此处用副词“rapidly/quickly/fast”修饰动词“transported”，表示“迅速地”。
5. over 解析:根据“More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying.”可知，在销售和购买过程中，超过 40％的食物浪费发生了，“over”意为“超过”，符合语境。
6. unless 解析:根据“In many cases, the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look ‘ugly’, falling short of industry standards.”可知，人们扔掉蔬菜和水果，除非它们看起来好看且符合标准，“unless”意为“除非”，符合语境。
7. influences 解析:根据“Polluting and destroying the environment does harm to producing food.”可知，此处讲的是对食物生产的不良影响，“influences”意为“影响”，符合语境。
8. reduced 解析:根据“A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock.”可知，一些自然区域被减少用于种植粮食作物和饲养牲畜，此处是被动语态，用“reduced”。
9. century 解析:根据“Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as ‘once in a hundred years’ happen more and more often.”可知，自然灾害不再是过去“百年一遇”，而是更频繁发生，“century”意为“世纪”，符合语境。
10. both 解析:根据“It's not only a problem on customers' dinner tables, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.”可知，食物浪费是需要消费者和政府共同解决的问题，“both... and...”表示“两者都”，符合语境。
1. seriously 解析:根据“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges.”可知，食物从农田到消费者的冰箱都有严重的损失，此处用副词“seriously”修饰动词“lost”，表示“严重地”。
2. Discoveries/Situations/Facts 解析:根据表格内容可知，下文介绍了发展中国家和发达国家食物浪费的情况，“Discoveries/Situations/Facts”意为“情况，事实”，符合语境，句首单词首字母大写。
3. poor 解析:根据“Because of this, farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty.”可知，一些农民因为食物浪费一直很贫穷，“poor”意为“贫穷的”，符合语境。
4. rapidly/quickly/fast 解析:根据“They are also short of rapid transportation and refrigeration, so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market.”可知，因为运输不迅速，庄稼可能会变质，此处用副词“rapidly/quickly/fast”修饰动词“transported”，表示“迅速地”。
5. over 解析:根据“More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying.”可知，在销售和购买过程中，超过 40％的食物浪费发生了，“over”意为“超过”，符合语境。
6. unless 解析:根据“In many cases, the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look ‘ugly’, falling short of industry standards.”可知，人们扔掉蔬菜和水果，除非它们看起来好看且符合标准，“unless”意为“除非”，符合语境。
7. influences 解析:根据“Polluting and destroying the environment does harm to producing food.”可知，此处讲的是对食物生产的不良影响，“influences”意为“影响”，符合语境。
8. reduced 解析:根据“A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock.”可知，一些自然区域被减少用于种植粮食作物和饲养牲畜，此处是被动语态，用“reduced”。
9. century 解析:根据“Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as ‘once in a hundred years’ happen more and more often.”可知，自然灾害不再是过去“百年一遇”，而是更频繁发生，“century”意为“世纪”，符合语境。
10. both 解析:根据“It's not only a problem on customers' dinner tables, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.”可知，食物浪费是需要消费者和政府共同解决的问题，“both... and...”表示“两者都”，符合语境。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇聚焦全球食物浪费问题的任务型阅读题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心：文章围绕食物浪费的全球现状、不同国家的浪费情况、环境与灾害对食物生产的影响，以及食物浪费的解决主体展开。
2. 对应表格板块逐一定位原文信息：
“Food problems”板块：找到描述食物损失程度的句子，通过词性转换得到修饰动词的副词。
“不同国家的食物浪费情况”板块：分别锁定发展中国家和发达国家的相关段落，提取关键信息，进行同义替换或逻辑梳理，比如农民的贫困状态、运输特点、浪费比例等。
“对食物生产的不良影响”板块：结合环境破坏和自然灾害的内容，注意被动语态的使用以及词汇同义转换（如“hundred years”对应“century”）。
“Conclusion”板块：找到原文中关于解决主体的表述，利用固定搭配确定答案。
3. 填写答案时，需兼顾词性、时态、语态及逻辑合理性，确保单词适配表格语境。
【解析】
1. seriously：根据原文“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges.”，此处需用副词修饰动词“lost”，将形容词“Serious”转换为副词“seriously”，体现食物从农田到冰箱的严重损耗。
2. Discoveries/Situations/Facts：表格此板块介绍发展中国家和发达国家食物浪费的实际状况，“Discoveries/Situations/Facts”可概括该板块内容，句首单词首字母大写。
3. poor：根据原文“Because of this, farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty.”，“making little money”“poverty”对应形容词“poor”，表明农民因食物浪费长期处于贫穷状态。
4. rapidly/quickly/fast：根据原文“They are also short of rapid transportation and refrigeration, so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market.”，此处需用副词修饰动词“transported”，将形容词“rapid”转换为副词“rapidly”，也可用同义副词“quickly/fast”，说明庄稼因运输不及时而变质。
5. over：根据原文“More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying.”，“More than”的同义表达为“over”，表示买卖过程中超过40%的食物被浪费。
6. unless：根据原文“In many cases, the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look ‘ugly’, falling short of industry standards.”，结合语境可知，蔬果只有好看且达标才不会被丢弃，“unless”（除非）契合此逻辑。
7. influences：根据原文“Polluting and destroying the environment does harm to producing food.”，“does harm to”对应“bad influences on”，表示环境破坏对食物生产的不良影响。
8. reduced：根据原文“A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock.”，此处为被动语态，需将现在分词“reducing”转换为过去分词“reduced”，体现自然区域被缩减用于种植和养殖。
9. century：根据原文“Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as ‘once in a hundred years’ happen more and more often.”，“hundred years”对应“century”，说明自然灾害不再是过去的“百年一遇”。
10. both：根据原文“It's not only a problem on customers' dinner tables, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.”，利用固定搭配“both...and...”，表明食物浪费需要消费者和政府共同解决。
【答案】
1. seriously
2. Discoveries/Situations/Facts
3. poor
4. rapidly/quickly/fast
5. over
6. unless
7. influences
8. reduced
9. century
10. both
【知识点】
信息定位与提炼、词性转换、连词用法
【点评】
本题以全球食物浪费热点为依托，考查学生信息提取、同义转换及语法运用能力。题目设置紧密结合原文，既要求学生精准定位信息，又需灵活运用词性变化、被动语态、逻辑连词等知识，同时引导学生关注全球资源问题，兼具知识性与教育性。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇聚焦全球食物浪费问题的任务型阅读题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心：文章围绕食物浪费的全球现状、不同国家的浪费情况、环境与灾害对食物生产的影响，以及食物浪费的解决主体展开。
2. 对应表格板块逐一定位原文信息：
“Food problems”板块：找到描述食物损失程度的句子，通过词性转换得到修饰动词的副词。
“不同国家的食物浪费情况”板块：分别锁定发展中国家和发达国家的相关段落，提取关键信息，进行同义替换或逻辑梳理，比如农民的贫困状态、运输特点、浪费比例等。
“对食物生产的不良影响”板块：结合环境破坏和自然灾害的内容，注意被动语态的使用以及词汇同义转换（如“hundred years”对应“century”）。
“Conclusion”板块：找到原文中关于解决主体的表述，利用固定搭配确定答案。
3. 填写答案时，需兼顾词性、时态、语态及逻辑合理性，确保单词适配表格语境。
【解析】
1. seriously：根据原文“Serious losses of food happen from farmers' fields to customers' fridges.”，此处需用副词修饰动词“lost”，将形容词“Serious”转换为副词“seriously”，体现食物从农田到冰箱的严重损耗。
2. Discoveries/Situations/Facts：表格此板块介绍发展中国家和发达国家食物浪费的实际状况，“Discoveries/Situations/Facts”可概括该板块内容，句首单词首字母大写。
3. poor：根据原文“Because of this, farmers making little money are trapped in a cycle of poverty.”，“making little money”“poverty”对应形容词“poor”，表明农民因食物浪费长期处于贫穷状态。
4. rapidly/quickly/fast：根据原文“They are also short of rapid transportation and refrigeration, so a large number of crops may go bad before they reach the market.”，此处需用副词修饰动词“transported”，将形容词“rapid”转换为副词“rapidly”，也可用同义副词“quickly/fast”，说明庄稼因运输不及时而变质。
5. over：根据原文“More than forty per cent of food waste happens during the process of selling and buying.”，“More than”的同义表达为“over”，表示买卖过程中超过40%的食物被浪费。
6. unless：根据原文“In many cases, the vegetables and fruit are thrown away because they look ‘ugly’, falling short of industry standards.”，结合语境可知，蔬果只有好看且达标才不会被丢弃，“unless”（除非）契合此逻辑。
7. influences：根据原文“Polluting and destroying the environment does harm to producing food.”，“does harm to”对应“bad influences on”，表示环境破坏对食物生产的不良影响。
8. reduced：根据原文“A few countries are reducing natural areas for growing food crops and raising livestock.”，此处为被动语态，需将现在分词“reducing”转换为过去分词“reduced”，体现自然区域被缩减用于种植和养殖。
9. century：根据原文“Climate change will make such events that were previously thought of as ‘once in a hundred years’ happen more and more often.”，“hundred years”对应“century”，说明自然灾害不再是过去的“百年一遇”。
10. both：根据原文“It's not only a problem on customers' dinner tables, but also an international problem that must be dealt with by the governments.”，利用固定搭配“both...and...”，表明食物浪费需要消费者和政府共同解决。
【答案】
1. seriously
2. Discoveries/Situations/Facts
3. poor
4. rapidly/quickly/fast
5. over
6. unless
7. influences
8. reduced
9. century
10. both
【知识点】
信息定位与提炼、词性转换、连词用法
【点评】
本题以全球食物浪费热点为依托，考查学生信息提取、同义转换及语法运用能力。题目设置紧密结合原文，既要求学生精准定位信息，又需灵活运用词性变化、被动语态、逻辑连词等知识，同时引导学生关注全球资源问题，兼具知识性与教育性。
【难度系数】
0.6