A
The world's fastest trains
Let's have a look at the high-speed vehicles that run on rails(轨道).
(
A. 1964
B. 1980
C. 2006
D. 2014
(
A. the super-fast maglev train
B. the regular bullet train
C. the shuttle with renewable units
D. the driverless train
(
A. a cookbook
B. a shopping guidebook
C. a technical journal
D. a sports magazine
The world's fastest trains
Let's have a look at the high-speed vehicles that run on rails(轨道).
(
C
)1. Shanghai Maglev Train started to run commercially in .A. 1964
B. 1980
C. 2006
D. 2014
(
D
)2. During the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, people experienced .A. the super-fast maglev train
B. the regular bullet train
C. the shuttle with renewable units
D. the driverless train
(
C
)3. We can most probably read this passage from .A. a cookbook
B. a shopping guidebook
C. a technical journal
D. a sports magazine
答案：1. C 【点拨】根据“Having been commercially running since 2006”可知，上海磁浮列车自 2006 年开始商业运营。故选 C。
2. D 【点拨】根据第三个方框可知，2022 年北京冬奥会期间，人们体验了无人驾驶列车。故选 D。
3. C 【点拨】文章介绍了世界上最快的火车以及相关技术，最有可能出现在科学杂志上。故选 C。
2. D 【点拨】根据第三个方框可知，2022 年北京冬奥会期间，人们体验了无人驾驶列车。故选 D。
3. C 【点拨】文章介绍了世界上最快的火车以及相关技术，最有可能出现在科学杂志上。故选 C。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇图表类说明文阅读，介绍了三款世界知名的高速轨道列车。解题时优先圈出每道题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回到对应文本板块定位信息，无需复杂推理即可得出答案：第1题圈出关键词Shanghai Maglev Train、commercially run，直接回到第一个介绍上海磁浮列车的板块查找运营时间；第2题圈出关键词2022 Winter Olympic Games、Beijing，回到第三个介绍京张高铁的板块匹配对应列车特征；第3题是文章出处题，逐一排除不符合文章主题的选项，结合文本介绍轨道交通技术内容的属性选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 定位第一板块上海磁浮列车的介绍内容，原文明确提到"Having been commercially running since 2006"，可知上海磁浮列车2006年开始商业运营，对应选项C。
2. 定位第三板块京张高铁的介绍内容，原文说明它是世界首个实现350km/h无人驾驶运营的高铁，修建目的就是服务2022年北京冬奥会，因此冬奥会期间人们可以体验无人驾驶列车，对应选项D。
3. 逐一排除错误选项：A选项食谱和列车主题完全无关；B选项购物指南不符合内容属性；D选项体育杂志仅和冬奥会有微弱关联，全文核心是介绍不同高速列车的技术特点，最可能出现在技术类期刊中，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. C
【知识点】
细节信息定位，文章出处判断，应用文阅读理解
【点评】
本题属于低难度的图表类阅读题，所有考点都可以通过直接查找原文信息得出，没有设置干扰性强的迷惑选项，主要考察学生快速抓取题干关键词、在多段信息中精准定位目标内容的能力，适合用来训练信息类阅读的解题速度。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇图表类说明文阅读，介绍了三款世界知名的高速轨道列车。解题时优先圈出每道题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回到对应文本板块定位信息，无需复杂推理即可得出答案：第1题圈出关键词Shanghai Maglev Train、commercially run，直接回到第一个介绍上海磁浮列车的板块查找运营时间；第2题圈出关键词2022 Winter Olympic Games、Beijing，回到第三个介绍京张高铁的板块匹配对应列车特征；第3题是文章出处题，逐一排除不符合文章主题的选项，结合文本介绍轨道交通技术内容的属性选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 定位第一板块上海磁浮列车的介绍内容，原文明确提到"Having been commercially running since 2006"，可知上海磁浮列车2006年开始商业运营，对应选项C。
2. 定位第三板块京张高铁的介绍内容，原文说明它是世界首个实现350km/h无人驾驶运营的高铁，修建目的就是服务2022年北京冬奥会，因此冬奥会期间人们可以体验无人驾驶列车，对应选项D。
3. 逐一排除错误选项：A选项食谱和列车主题完全无关；B选项购物指南不符合内容属性；D选项体育杂志仅和冬奥会有微弱关联，全文核心是介绍不同高速列车的技术特点，最可能出现在技术类期刊中，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. C
【知识点】
细节信息定位，文章出处判断，应用文阅读理解
【点评】
本题属于低难度的图表类阅读题，所有考点都可以通过直接查找原文信息得出，没有设置干扰性强的迷惑选项，主要考察学生快速抓取题干关键词、在多段信息中精准定位目标内容的能力，适合用来训练信息类阅读的解题速度。
【难度系数】
0.8
B
Airships were popular in the early 1900s. These aircraft can fly because they are filled with lighter-than-air gases. Some types have a rigid frame and all of them have a cabin (机舱) below the main body. Pilots and passengers are carried in this cabin.
Back in the 1900s, most airships were filled with hydrogen(氢气). The gas burns easily. In 1937, an airship called the Hindenburg caught fire during landing. Thirty-six people died as a result. The sad thing scared people away from airships. At that time, planes were improving quickly. Since then, people have been using planes for most air travel.
Now, an American company called Lighter Than Air(LTA) Research wants to change that. LTA Research has been working on its airship, Pathfinder 1, for about ten years.
The new airship, about 123 metres long, is the largest of its kind since the 1930s. It uses helium(氦气). This gas is also lighter than air but does not burn. The helium fills 13 separate parts of the airship. About 10,000 long carbon fibre tubes(碳纤维管) make up a strong frame to protect these parts. The airship is powered by 12 electric motors. The electricity comes from either batteries or generators(发电机). With these motors, the airship can take off and land without a runway.
Pathfinder 1 can carry about 4 tons of goods. It can fly at a speed of up to 120 kilometres per hour. In November 2023, the airship made its first test flights in California. LTA Research hopes to show that their airships can be used to move goods quickly without polluting the air.
(
A. Planes were improving quickly after the airship had a crash.
B. People preferred to travel by plane rather than by airship for safety.
C. LTA Research has been working on its airship for about ten years.
D. Airships were uncomfortable and not big enough for pilots or passengers to stay in.
(
A. By listing numbers.
B. By giving examples.
C. By raising questions.
D. By making comparisons.
(
A. Protected.
B. Driven.
C. Stopped.
D. Designed.
(
A. The history of airships in the 1900s
B. Pathfinder 1: a new safe and green airship
C. The differences between planes and airships
D. LTA Research: a famous American company
Airships were popular in the early 1900s. These aircraft can fly because they are filled with lighter-than-air gases. Some types have a rigid frame and all of them have a cabin (机舱) below the main body. Pilots and passengers are carried in this cabin.
Back in the 1900s, most airships were filled with hydrogen(氢气). The gas burns easily. In 1937, an airship called the Hindenburg caught fire during landing. Thirty-six people died as a result. The sad thing scared people away from airships. At that time, planes were improving quickly. Since then, people have been using planes for most air travel.
Now, an American company called Lighter Than Air(LTA) Research wants to change that. LTA Research has been working on its airship, Pathfinder 1, for about ten years.
The new airship, about 123 metres long, is the largest of its kind since the 1930s. It uses helium(氦气). This gas is also lighter than air but does not burn. The helium fills 13 separate parts of the airship. About 10,000 long carbon fibre tubes(碳纤维管) make up a strong frame to protect these parts. The airship is powered by 12 electric motors. The electricity comes from either batteries or generators(发电机). With these motors, the airship can take off and land without a runway.
Pathfinder 1 can carry about 4 tons of goods. It can fly at a speed of up to 120 kilometres per hour. In November 2023, the airship made its first test flights in California. LTA Research hopes to show that their airships can be used to move goods quickly without polluting the air.
(
B
)4. What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Planes were improving quickly after the airship had a crash.
B. People preferred to travel by plane rather than by airship for safety.
C. LTA Research has been working on its airship for about ten years.
D. Airships were uncomfortable and not big enough for pilots or passengers to stay in.
(
A
)5. How does the author describe the new airship in Paragraph 4?A. By listing numbers.
B. By giving examples.
C. By raising questions.
D. By making comparisons.
(
B
)6. What does the underlined word "powered" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Protected.
B. Driven.
C. Stopped.
D. Designed.
(
B
)7. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. The history of airships in the 1900s
B. Pathfinder 1: a new safe and green airship
C. The differences between planes and airships
D. LTA Research: a famous American company
答案：4. B 【点拨】根据第二段和第三段内容可知，that 应该指代的是出于安全考虑，人们宁愿乘飞机而不愿乘飞艇旅行。故选 B。
5. A 【点拨】根据第四段内容可知，作者通过列举数字描述新的飞艇。故选 A。
6. B 【点拨】根据后句“电力来自电池或发电机”可知，飞艇由 12 台发电机“驱动”。powered 驱动，与 driven 意义相近。故选 B。
7. B 【点拨】文章先介绍飞艇的历史与衰落，后重点讲述 LTA Research 公司研发的“探路者 1 号”飞艇，强调其安全、环保的特点，B 选项既点明核心对象，又概括其优势，最适合作为标题。故选 B。
5. A 【点拨】根据第四段内容可知，作者通过列举数字描述新的飞艇。故选 A。
6. B 【点拨】根据后句“电力来自电池或发电机”可知，飞艇由 12 台发电机“驱动”。powered 驱动，与 driven 意义相近。故选 B。
7. B 【点拨】文章先介绍飞艇的历史与衰落，后重点讲述 LTA Research 公司研发的“探路者 1 号”飞艇，强调其安全、环保的特点，B 选项既点明核心对象，又概括其优势，最适合作为标题。故选 B。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 第4题是代词指代题，首先定位划线词that的位置，往前回溯前文内容，找到第二段描述的事故后人们放弃飞艇、转而选择飞机出行的现状，再逐一匹配选项排除错误表述即可。
2. 第5题判断作者的描述方式，直接定位第四段，梳理段落里出现的各类具体数值，对应说明方法即可得出答案。
3. 第6题是词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的后文解释“电力来自电池或发电机”，推断该词和动力来源相关，匹配同义选项。
4. 第7题是主旨大意题，梳理全文结构：开篇介绍旧飞艇的兴衰，核心内容介绍新型飞艇Pathfinder 1的安全、环保特性，排除片面的干扰选项，选出最贴合全文核心的标题。
【解析】
4. 定位第三段划线词that，结合第二段内容：1937年兴登堡号着火事故造成人员伤亡后，人们对飞艇产生恐惧，后续绝大多数航空出行都选择使用飞机，that指代的就是“人们出于安全考虑更偏好乘坐飞机而非飞艇出行”的现状。A选项仅提及飞机发展，不是指代内容；C选项是LTA正在做的事，不是要改变的对象；D选项文中完全没有相关表述，因此选B。
5. 第四段介绍新飞艇时，先后出现了“约123米长”“13个独立舱段”“约10000根碳纤维管”“12台电动机”等大量具体数字，是通过列数字的方式展开描述，没有使用举例子、提问题、作对比的方法，因此选A。
6. 划线词powered所在句的后文说明飞艇的电力来自电池或发电机，可知该词描述的是12台电动马达为飞艇提供动力的属性，词义为“驱动、给……提供动力”，和driven含义一致，protected（保护）、stopped（停止）、designed（设计）均不符合语境，因此选B。
7. 全文仅用小部分篇幅介绍早期飞艇的历史，核心内容围绕LTA公司研发的新型飞艇Pathfinder 1展开，重点突出它使用不可燃氦气更安全、电动驱动零污染的优势。A选项只覆盖开篇部分内容过于片面，C选项全文没有重点对比飞机和飞艇的差异，D选项核心不是介绍LTA公司，只有B选项精准点明核心说明对象和其核心优势，最适合作为标题，因此选B。
【答案】
4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B
【知识点】
代词指代判断，词义猜测，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的说明文阅读，覆盖了初中英语阅读的高频考点，既考查学生定位原文提取细节信息的能力，也要求学生梳理上下文逻辑、区分干扰选项的片面表述，能有效锻炼学生的文本综合理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇说明文类阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 第4题是代词指代题，首先定位划线词that的位置，往前回溯前文内容，找到第二段描述的事故后人们放弃飞艇、转而选择飞机出行的现状，再逐一匹配选项排除错误表述即可。
2. 第5题判断作者的描述方式，直接定位第四段，梳理段落里出现的各类具体数值，对应说明方法即可得出答案。
3. 第6题是词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的后文解释“电力来自电池或发电机”，推断该词和动力来源相关，匹配同义选项。
4. 第7题是主旨大意题，梳理全文结构：开篇介绍旧飞艇的兴衰，核心内容介绍新型飞艇Pathfinder 1的安全、环保特性，排除片面的干扰选项，选出最贴合全文核心的标题。
【解析】
4. 定位第三段划线词that，结合第二段内容：1937年兴登堡号着火事故造成人员伤亡后，人们对飞艇产生恐惧，后续绝大多数航空出行都选择使用飞机，that指代的就是“人们出于安全考虑更偏好乘坐飞机而非飞艇出行”的现状。A选项仅提及飞机发展，不是指代内容；C选项是LTA正在做的事，不是要改变的对象；D选项文中完全没有相关表述，因此选B。
5. 第四段介绍新飞艇时，先后出现了“约123米长”“13个独立舱段”“约10000根碳纤维管”“12台电动机”等大量具体数字，是通过列数字的方式展开描述，没有使用举例子、提问题、作对比的方法，因此选A。
6. 划线词powered所在句的后文说明飞艇的电力来自电池或发电机，可知该词描述的是12台电动马达为飞艇提供动力的属性，词义为“驱动、给……提供动力”，和driven含义一致，protected（保护）、stopped（停止）、designed（设计）均不符合语境，因此选B。
7. 全文仅用小部分篇幅介绍早期飞艇的历史，核心内容围绕LTA公司研发的新型飞艇Pathfinder 1展开，重点突出它使用不可燃氦气更安全、电动驱动零污染的优势。A选项只覆盖开篇部分内容过于片面，C选项全文没有重点对比飞机和飞艇的差异，D选项核心不是介绍LTA公司，只有B选项精准点明核心说明对象和其核心优势，最适合作为标题，因此选B。
【答案】
4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B
【知识点】
代词指代判断，词义猜测，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的说明文阅读，覆盖了初中英语阅读的高频考点，既考查学生定位原文提取细节信息的能力，也要求学生梳理上下文逻辑、区分干扰选项的片面表述，能有效锻炼学生的文本综合理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.7