B)根据短文内容,从所给选项中选出能够填入空白处的最佳选项。(有两项多余)
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are.
When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it's important to know the right and wrong things to do. 12 In fact, if a restaurant is not noisy and lively, you may think there is something wrong with it. However, in many Western countries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people there might even complain to the owner.
Paying the bill is also different from country to country. 13 In Western countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients(宴请宾客). When friends get together, they usually share the cost. This is "going Dutch". Also, when westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the waiter. This is called "leaving a tip". 14 In the US, it is common to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill. It is decided by how good the service is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!
The way people eat food is different all over the world. 15 Chinese and Indian food, for example, are popular all over the world.
A. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite.
B. They have different greeting cultures from others.
C. In China, one person usually pays for everyone at dinner.
D. However, you can find the same kind of food in many countries.
E. For example, in China it is OK to make some noise in a restaurant.
F. People often use forks and knives to eat in many Asian countries.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are.
When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it's important to know the right and wrong things to do. 12 In fact, if a restaurant is not noisy and lively, you may think there is something wrong with it. However, in many Western countries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people there might even complain to the owner.
Paying the bill is also different from country to country. 13 In Western countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients(宴请宾客). When friends get together, they usually share the cost. This is "going Dutch". Also, when westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the waiter. This is called "leaving a tip". 14 In the US, it is common to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill. It is decided by how good the service is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!
The way people eat food is different all over the world. 15 Chinese and Indian food, for example, are popular all over the world.
A. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite.
B. They have different greeting cultures from others.
C. In China, one person usually pays for everyone at dinner.
D. However, you can find the same kind of food in many countries.
E. For example, in China it is OK to make some noise in a restaurant.
F. People often use forks and knives to eat in many Asian countries.
12.
E
13.
C
14.
A
15.
D
答案：B)12. E 13. C 14. A 15. D
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇七选五型阅读补全题，解题思路如下：首先通读全文，明确文章核心主题是介绍不同国家在餐厅礼仪、付账习惯、饮食文化上的差异。之后逐空定位上下文的逻辑关联：
1. 先看12空，后文紧接着描述“如果餐厅不热闹你反而会觉得不对劲”，还转折提到西方国家的餐厅是安静的，说明这里要引出和西方安静餐厅完全不同的、允许吵闹的地区案例；
2. 13空的前一句点明“不同国家付账单的习惯也不同”，后文开始介绍西方国家的付账规则，说明此处需要先引出其他国家的付账习惯做铺垫；
3. 14空前文刚引出“留小费”的概念，后文开始介绍美国小费的常规比例，说明此处需要补充留小费的相关常识做衔接；
4. 15空前文说全世界人们的进食方式有差异，后文举例子说明中国、印度食物在全球都很受欢迎，说明此处需要用转折逻辑衔接“有差异但也有共通的食物”的内容，最后排除和全文主题无关的两个多余选项，就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
12. 根据空后内容对比中西方餐厅的喧闹程度，提到西方餐厅需要保持安静，E选项“For example, in China it is OK to make some noise in a restaurant.” 正好引出中国餐厅允许合理喧闹的例子，和后文内容形成对应对比，符合语境。
13. 空前提到不同国家付账习惯有区别，后文开始介绍西方的付账规则，C选项“In China, one person usually pays for everyone at dinner.” 先介绍中国的付账习惯，前后逻辑连贯，符合行文逻辑。
14. 空前提到“留小费”的定义，后文介绍美国小费的常规比例标准，A选项“Leaving a tip is thought to be polite.” 衔接上下文，解释留小费的文化意义，过渡自然。
15. 空前提到全球各地的进食方式有差异，后文举例说明中国、印度食物在全球都很受欢迎，D选项“However, you can find the same kind of food in many countries.” 用转折逻辑引出“不同国家也能吃到同款食物”的内容，和后文的例子完全匹配。
【答案】
12. E 13. C 14. A 15. D
【知识点】
七选五阅读，上下文逻辑推理，跨文化交际常识
【点评】
本题属于基础类阅读补全题型，核心考察学生对语篇衔接逻辑、举例对应关系的判断能力，干扰项和各段落主题完全无关，区分度较低，同时题目内容还能帮助学生了解不同国家的餐饮文化差异，拓展文化常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇七选五型阅读补全题，解题思路如下：首先通读全文，明确文章核心主题是介绍不同国家在餐厅礼仪、付账习惯、饮食文化上的差异。之后逐空定位上下文的逻辑关联：
1. 先看12空，后文紧接着描述“如果餐厅不热闹你反而会觉得不对劲”，还转折提到西方国家的餐厅是安静的，说明这里要引出和西方安静餐厅完全不同的、允许吵闹的地区案例；
2. 13空的前一句点明“不同国家付账单的习惯也不同”，后文开始介绍西方国家的付账规则，说明此处需要先引出其他国家的付账习惯做铺垫；
3. 14空前文刚引出“留小费”的概念，后文开始介绍美国小费的常规比例，说明此处需要补充留小费的相关常识做衔接；
4. 15空前文说全世界人们的进食方式有差异，后文举例子说明中国、印度食物在全球都很受欢迎，说明此处需要用转折逻辑衔接“有差异但也有共通的食物”的内容，最后排除和全文主题无关的两个多余选项，就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
12. 根据空后内容对比中西方餐厅的喧闹程度，提到西方餐厅需要保持安静，E选项“For example, in China it is OK to make some noise in a restaurant.” 正好引出中国餐厅允许合理喧闹的例子，和后文内容形成对应对比，符合语境。
13. 空前提到不同国家付账习惯有区别，后文开始介绍西方的付账规则，C选项“In China, one person usually pays for everyone at dinner.” 先介绍中国的付账习惯，前后逻辑连贯，符合行文逻辑。
14. 空前提到“留小费”的定义，后文介绍美国小费的常规比例标准，A选项“Leaving a tip is thought to be polite.” 衔接上下文，解释留小费的文化意义，过渡自然。
15. 空前提到全球各地的进食方式有差异，后文举例说明中国、印度食物在全球都很受欢迎，D选项“However, you can find the same kind of food in many countries.” 用转折逻辑引出“不同国家也能吃到同款食物”的内容，和后文的例子完全匹配。
【答案】
12. E 13. C 14. A 15. D
【知识点】
七选五阅读，上下文逻辑推理，跨文化交际常识
【点评】
本题属于基础类阅读补全题型，核心考察学生对语篇衔接逻辑、举例对应关系的判断能力，干扰项和各段落主题完全无关，区分度较低，同时题目内容还能帮助学生了解不同国家的餐饮文化差异，拓展文化常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
四、词语运用(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
根据句子意思,用括号中所给汉语提示或单词适当形式填空。(每空一词)
1. The teacher came to
2. I wrote down key points in
3. We all agreed to be honest and would never
4. No one could
5. Even
6. They talked
7. We shared
8. Our team had a friendly
9. We tried to
10. We need to wait
根据句子意思,用括号中所给汉语提示或单词适当形式填空。(每空一词)
1. The teacher came to
praise
us for our careful preparation and teamwork. (称赞)2. I wrote down key points in
case
I forgot important details later. (以防万一)3. We all agreed to be honest and would never
cheat
in any schoolwork. (抄袭)4. No one could
refuse
to join in such a fair and meaningful group activity. (拒绝)5. Even
though
the task was hard, no one wanted to give up easily. (尽管)6. They talked
openly
about their feelings. (open)7. We shared
tasty
fruit and drinks while working on our group project. (taste)8. Our team had a friendly
discussion
to plan every step of the work. (discuss)9. We tried to
fully
understand each other's ideas to do better together. (full)10. We need to wait
patiently
for the result. (patient)答案：四、1. praise 2. case 3. cheat 4. refuse 5. though 6. openly 7. tasty 8. discussion 9. fully 10. patiently
解析：
【分析】
这道词语运用题分为两类考点，一类是根据汉语提示结合语境填单词，另一类是将所给原形单词转换为正确形式填空，且要求每空一词。解题时首先要先通读完整句子，判断空格处需要的词性，再结合给出的汉语提示回忆对应词汇，或是结合固定搭配、词性转换规则对给出的原形词进行变形，最后验证填入后句子语义通顺、语法正确即可。
【解析】
1. 句意：老师来称赞我们细致的准备和团队协作。此处是come to do sth结构，to后接动词原形，“称赞”对应的动词为praise，因此填praise。
2. 句意：我写下了要点，以防万一之后我忘记重要细节。固定搭配in case表示“以防万一”，符合语义且满足每空一词要求，因此填case。
3. 句意：我们都同意要诚实，永远不会在任何课业中抄袭。情态动词would后接动词原形，结合语境“抄袭、作弊”对应的单词为cheat，因此填cheat。
4. 句意：没有人能拒绝参加这样公平又有意义的集体活动。情态动词could后接动词原形，“拒绝”对应的动词为refuse，因此填refuse。
5. 句意：尽管任务很艰巨，没有人想要轻易放弃。固定搭配even though表示“尽管、即使”，符合语境，因此填though。
6. 句意：他们坦诚地谈论了自己的感受。空格修饰动词talked，需要用副词形式，open的副词是openly，因此填openly。
7. 句意：我们在完成小组项目的时候分享了美味的水果和饮品。空格修饰后面的名词fruit and drinks，需要用形容词，taste的形容词形式tasty表示“美味的”，因此填tasty。
8. 句意：我们队开展了一场友好的讨论，来规划工作的每一个步骤。前面有不定冠词a和形容词friendly修饰，空格处需要填名词，discuss的名词形式是discussion，因此填discussion。
9. 句意：我们尽力充分理解彼此的想法，共同做得更好。空格修饰动词understand，需要用副词形式，full的副词是fully，因此填fully。
10. 句意：我们需要耐心地等待结果。空格修饰动词wait，需要用副词形式，patient的副词是patiently，因此填patiently。
【答案】
1. praise 2. case 3. cheat 4. refuse 5. though 6. openly 7. tasty 8. discussion 9. fully 10. patiently
【知识点】
单词拼写；词形转换；固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础题型，考点贴合日常校园生活场景，既考察核心常用单词的识记，也考察学生对不同词性的语法功能的掌握，解题的核心技巧是先判断空格所需词性，再结合语境和固定规则推导答案，能有效检验学生的词汇基础扎实程度。
【难度系数】
0.7
这道词语运用题分为两类考点，一类是根据汉语提示结合语境填单词，另一类是将所给原形单词转换为正确形式填空，且要求每空一词。解题时首先要先通读完整句子，判断空格处需要的词性，再结合给出的汉语提示回忆对应词汇，或是结合固定搭配、词性转换规则对给出的原形词进行变形，最后验证填入后句子语义通顺、语法正确即可。
【解析】
1. 句意：老师来称赞我们细致的准备和团队协作。此处是come to do sth结构，to后接动词原形，“称赞”对应的动词为praise，因此填praise。
2. 句意：我写下了要点，以防万一之后我忘记重要细节。固定搭配in case表示“以防万一”，符合语义且满足每空一词要求，因此填case。
3. 句意：我们都同意要诚实，永远不会在任何课业中抄袭。情态动词would后接动词原形，结合语境“抄袭、作弊”对应的单词为cheat，因此填cheat。
4. 句意：没有人能拒绝参加这样公平又有意义的集体活动。情态动词could后接动词原形，“拒绝”对应的动词为refuse，因此填refuse。
5. 句意：尽管任务很艰巨，没有人想要轻易放弃。固定搭配even though表示“尽管、即使”，符合语境，因此填though。
6. 句意：他们坦诚地谈论了自己的感受。空格修饰动词talked，需要用副词形式，open的副词是openly，因此填openly。
7. 句意：我们在完成小组项目的时候分享了美味的水果和饮品。空格修饰后面的名词fruit and drinks，需要用形容词，taste的形容词形式tasty表示“美味的”，因此填tasty。
8. 句意：我们队开展了一场友好的讨论，来规划工作的每一个步骤。前面有不定冠词a和形容词friendly修饰，空格处需要填名词，discuss的名词形式是discussion，因此填discussion。
9. 句意：我们尽力充分理解彼此的想法，共同做得更好。空格修饰动词understand，需要用副词形式，full的副词是fully，因此填fully。
10. 句意：我们需要耐心地等待结果。空格修饰动词wait，需要用副词形式，patient的副词是patiently，因此填patiently。
【答案】
1. praise 2. case 3. cheat 4. refuse 5. though 6. openly 7. tasty 8. discussion 9. fully 10. patiently
【知识点】
单词拼写；词形转换；固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础题型，考点贴合日常校园生活场景，既考察核心常用单词的识记，也考察学生对不同词性的语法功能的掌握，解题的核心技巧是先判断空格所需词性，再结合语境和固定规则推导答案，能有效检验学生的词汇基础扎实程度。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、阅读与表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
In our daily life, direct questions are usually used to ask for information we do not know. Direct questions are either Yes or No questions such as "Are you married?" or information questions such as "Where do you live?"
It's OK to ask your friends or someone you know well direct questions. But they can seem abrupt and impolite at times especially when you are asking a stranger. For example, if you come up to someone and ask "What time is it?" or "Can you move?", he or she may refuse to answer you. It is certainly correct to ask questions in this way, but it's very common to make these kinds of questions more polite by adding "Excuse me" or "Pardon me" to begin your questions.
It's also possible to use "can" in more informal situations. In the past, "can" was not used when asking for something, but only to refer to abilities. In the United Kingdom, Cambridge University publishes books with the phrases "Can you lend me," "Can I have", etc. In the United States, this form is still considered to be incorrect, especially for written English, and "May I have" is preferred. Questions with "can" are made more polite by using "could": "Pardon me, could you help me?"
"Would" can also be used to make questions more polite. "Would you lend me your pencil?" is also polite.
Another way of making direct questions more polite is to add "please" at the end of the questions. We can say "Could you help me, please?" "Please" should not appear at the beginning of the questions.
回答下列问题,每题答案不超过10个词。
1. What are direct questions usually used to ask for?
2. What can the question "Where is the library?" help us get?
3. What are the two types of direct questions?
4. When can direct questions seem impolite?
5. Why should we make direct questions more polite in daily life?
In our daily life, direct questions are usually used to ask for information we do not know. Direct questions are either Yes or No questions such as "Are you married?" or information questions such as "Where do you live?"
It's OK to ask your friends or someone you know well direct questions. But they can seem abrupt and impolite at times especially when you are asking a stranger. For example, if you come up to someone and ask "What time is it?" or "Can you move?", he or she may refuse to answer you. It is certainly correct to ask questions in this way, but it's very common to make these kinds of questions more polite by adding "Excuse me" or "Pardon me" to begin your questions.
It's also possible to use "can" in more informal situations. In the past, "can" was not used when asking for something, but only to refer to abilities. In the United Kingdom, Cambridge University publishes books with the phrases "Can you lend me," "Can I have", etc. In the United States, this form is still considered to be incorrect, especially for written English, and "May I have" is preferred. Questions with "can" are made more polite by using "could": "Pardon me, could you help me?"
"Would" can also be used to make questions more polite. "Would you lend me your pencil?" is also polite.
Another way of making direct questions more polite is to add "please" at the end of the questions. We can say "Could you help me, please?" "Please" should not appear at the beginning of the questions.
回答下列问题,每题答案不超过10个词。
1. What are direct questions usually used to ask for?
The information we do not know.
2. What can the question "Where is the library?" help us get?
Location or place information.
3. What are the two types of direct questions?
Yes or No and information questions.
4. When can direct questions seem impolite?
When asking a stranger.
5. Why should we make direct questions more polite in daily life?
To be nice and not make others feel uncomfortable.
答案：五、1. The information we do not know.
2. Location or place information.
3. Yes or No and information questions.
4. When asking a stranger.
5. To be nice and not make others feel uncomfortable.(答案不唯一)
2. Location or place information.
3. Yes or No and information questions.
4. When asking a stranger.
5. To be nice and not make others feel uncomfortable.(答案不唯一)
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇细节类阅读简答题，解题思路很清晰：首先先通读题干，带着每个问题的关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息，再筛选出符合题意、字数不超过10词的核心内容即可。第1题找直接疑问句的用途，直接定位开篇第一句；第2题分析特殊疑问词where的属性，对应获取地点相关信息；第3题找直接疑问句的两类划分，定位第一段第二句；第4题找直接提问显得不礼貌的场景，定位第二段对应描述；第5题结合全文礼貌提问的目的总结出合理表述即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段首句"In our daily life, direct questions are usually used to ask for information we do not know"，提取核心信息，符合字数要求。
2. 题干中"Where is the library"是询问地点的信息类问句，对应可获取地点位置相关信息，提炼后符合要求。
3. 定位原文第一段第二句"Direct questions are either Yes or No questions... or information questions"，直接提炼两类问句的名称即可。
4. 定位原文第二段"But they can seem abrupt and impolite at times especially when you are asking a stranger"，提取对应的场景表述。
5. 结合全文礼貌提问的作用，总结出表意通顺、符合逻辑的表述即可，答案不唯一。
【答案】
1. The information we do not know.
2. Location or place information.
3. Yes or No and information questions.
4. When asking a stranger.
5. To be nice and not make others feel uncomfortable.
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，英语疑问句分类
【点评】
本题属于低难度的细节阅读题，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文定位获取，仅需要注意严格遵守题干要求，将答案字数控制在10词以内，不要摘抄冗余内容，最后一道开放题只要表意符合礼貌提问的逻辑即可得分。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇细节类阅读简答题，解题思路很清晰：首先先通读题干，带着每个问题的关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息，再筛选出符合题意、字数不超过10词的核心内容即可。第1题找直接疑问句的用途，直接定位开篇第一句；第2题分析特殊疑问词where的属性，对应获取地点相关信息；第3题找直接疑问句的两类划分，定位第一段第二句；第4题找直接提问显得不礼貌的场景，定位第二段对应描述；第5题结合全文礼貌提问的目的总结出合理表述即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段首句"In our daily life, direct questions are usually used to ask for information we do not know"，提取核心信息，符合字数要求。
2. 题干中"Where is the library"是询问地点的信息类问句，对应可获取地点位置相关信息，提炼后符合要求。
3. 定位原文第一段第二句"Direct questions are either Yes or No questions... or information questions"，直接提炼两类问句的名称即可。
4. 定位原文第二段"But they can seem abrupt and impolite at times especially when you are asking a stranger"，提取对应的场景表述。
5. 结合全文礼貌提问的作用，总结出表意通顺、符合逻辑的表述即可，答案不唯一。
【答案】
1. The information we do not know.
2. Location or place information.
3. Yes or No and information questions.
4. When asking a stranger.
5. To be nice and not make others feel uncomfortable.
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，英语疑问句分类
【点评】
本题属于低难度的细节阅读题，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文定位获取，仅需要注意严格遵守题干要求，将答案字数控制在10词以内，不要摘抄冗余内容，最后一道开放题只要表意符合礼貌提问的逻辑即可得分。
【难度系数】
0.7