四、(核心素养·思维品质)完形填空。
野草与名兰
My friend Richard went far to work, so he asked me to take care of the courtyard in the mountains. He worked hard and often kept the courtyard 1.
As the summer came and passed, the grass really 5.
I told the good news to Richard. He was 10.
Yes, who will never 14.
Give each grass the time to flower and give everybody a chance to prove his or her value. If we don't blindly 15.
1. A. natural
B. clean
C. fresh
D. bright
2. A. sometimes
B. often
C. never
D. always
3. A. spring
B. summer
C. autumn
D. winter
4. A. fell
B. rose
C. covered
D. spread
5. A. grew
B. happened
C. flowered
D. returned
6. A. so
B. and
C. but
D. or
7. A. colours
B. mountains
C. seasons
D. plants
8. A. how
B. where
C. why
D. when
9. A. proudly
B. successfully
C. carefully
D. excitedly
10. A. worried
B. surprised
C. scared
D. relaxed
11. A. usual
B. special
C. popular
D. rare
12. A. hardly
B. simply
C. surely
D. nearly
13. A. happiness
B. courage
C. patience
D. confidence
14. A. miss
B. find
C. treasure
D. keep
15. A. pull ahead
B. pull away
C. pull in
D. pull out
野草与名兰
My friend Richard went far to work, so he asked me to take care of the courtyard in the mountains. He worked hard and often kept the courtyard 1.
B
without any weeds (杂草). But I was so lazy, just 2. A
swept the fallen leaves, and I never plucked (拔) grass, allowing it to grow rapidly. In the early 3. A
, in March, they sprouted several clusters of buds (长出几簇嫩芽), whose leaves were green and soft. A month later, when the leaves 4. D
, I discovered they were like wild orchids in the woods.As the summer came and passed, the grass really 5.
C
. Their shapes were like those of forest orchids, 6. D
they were yellow, unlike those forest orchids, whose flowers were purple or brown red. I picked one flower, then went to find a friend who studied 7. D
. On seeing it, my friend immediately asked me 8. B
I picked it. “You get rich!” he 9. D
explained. “This is a strain of rare orchid which is hard to find. Now this orchid is worth at least 10,000 dollars each.”I told the good news to Richard. He was 10.
B
. After a while, he said gently, the orchid broke through the earth every year, but he thought it was a 11. A
weed, so he often uprooted it when it just sprouted. He couldn't stop sighing (叹气), “I have 12. D
killed a kind of rare flower; if I had waited for it to flower with 13. C
, it would have been discovered a few years before.”Yes, who will never 14.
A
some rare orchids in their own lives? We always pluck those wild weeds that haven't yet bloomed in time and don't give them the time to flower and bear fruit to prove their value.Give each grass the time to flower and give everybody a chance to prove his or her value. If we don't blindly 15.
D
a blade of grass or negate (否定) a person curtly, imagine how many “rare orchids” we might find in our lives.1. A. natural
B. clean
C. fresh
D. bright
2. A. sometimes
B. often
C. never
D. always
3. A. spring
B. summer
C. autumn
D. winter
4. A. fell
B. rose
C. covered
D. spread
5. A. grew
B. happened
C. flowered
D. returned
6. A. so
B. and
C. but
D. or
7. A. colours
B. mountains
C. seasons
D. plants
8. A. how
B. where
C. why
D. when
9. A. proudly
B. successfully
C. carefully
D. excitedly
10. A. worried
B. surprised
C. scared
D. relaxed
11. A. usual
B. special
C. popular
D. rare
12. A. hardly
B. simply
C. surely
D. nearly
13. A. happiness
B. courage
C. patience
D. confidence
14. A. miss
B. find
C. treasure
D. keep
15. A. pull ahead
B. pull away
C. pull in
D. pull out
答案：1~5. BAADC 6~10. CDBDB 11~15. ADCAD
解析：
【分析】
做完形填空首先要先通读全文，理清本文“原本被当作杂草的植物实际是珍稀兰花”的叙事主线，把握文末“要给事物和他人时间证明价值，不要草率否定”的核心主旨。之后逐空结合上下文的提示信息、逻辑关系、词义辨析逐一筛选选项：先找到每空前后的对应线索，比如第一空后“没有杂草”对应院子的状态，三月发芽对应早春的时间线索，要鉴定花自然要找研究植物的朋友等，先排除明显不符合语境的选项，选出最贴合叙事逻辑的答案，最后再把所有答案代入全文通读，验证整体逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 后文提到院子里没有任何杂草，说明朋友之前勤劳打理，保持院子干净。A. natural自然的；B. clean干净的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. bright明亮的，故选B。
2. 前文提到“我非常懒”，后文说我从不拔草，说明我只是偶尔扫落叶。A. sometimes有时；B. often经常；C. never从不；D. always总是，懒的状态下不可能频繁扫落叶，故选A。
3. 后文明确给出时间提示“in March在三月”，三月属于早春时节，A. spring春天；B. summer夏天；C. autumn秋天；D. winter冬天，故选A。
4. 句意为：一个月后，当叶子舒展开来，我发现它们和林子里的野兰花很像。A. fell掉落；B. rose升起；C. covered覆盖；D. spread舒展、铺开，符合植物叶片生长的状态，故选D。
5. 后文提到了花的颜色特征，说明入夏之后这些草真的开花了。A. grew生长；B. happened发生；C. flowered开花；D. returned返回，故选C。
6. 前半句说它们外形和林子里的兰花相似，后半句说它们是黄色的，和林子里紫或棕红色的兰花不同，前后是转折逻辑。A. so所以；B. and并且；C. but但是；D. or否则，故选C。
7. 我摘了一朵花想要鉴定品种，自然要找研究植物的朋友。A. colours颜色；B. mountains山；C. seasons季节；D. plants植物，故选D。
8. 朋友知道这种珍稀兰花非常罕见，看到花之后第一反应是问我是在哪里摘到的。A. how如何；B. where哪里；C. why为什么；D. when什么时候，故选B。
9. 朋友告诉我这花非常值钱，说我要发财了，此时他的状态是十分激动的。A. proudly骄傲地；B. successfully成功地；C. carefully仔细地；D. excitedly激动地，故选D。
10. 理查德之前一直把这种兰花当杂草拔掉，得知它是珍稀品种的消息后第一反应是十分惊讶的。A. worried担忧的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. relaxed放松的，故选B。
11. 句意为：他以为这只是普通的杂草，所以每次刚发芽就把它拔掉。A. usual普通的；B. special特殊的；C. popular流行的；D. rare稀有的，故选A。
12. 句意为：他忍不住叹气：我几乎毁掉了一种珍稀的花。A. hardly几乎不；B. simply简单地；C. surely当然；D. nearly几乎，故选D。
13. 句意为：如果我当初有耐心等它开花，几年前就能发现它的价值了。A. happiness幸福；B. courage勇气；C. patience耐心；D. confidence自信，故选C。
14. 句意为：是啊，谁的人生中不会错过几株属于自己的珍稀兰花呢？A. miss错过；B. find找到；C. treasure珍惜；D. keep保留，故选A。
15. 句意为：如果我们不盲目拔掉每一株草，不草率否定一个人，我们会发现多少“珍稀兰花”啊。A. pull ahead领先；B. pull away脱身离开；C. pull in（车）进站；D. pull out拔出，故选D。
【答案】
1~5. BAADC 6~10. CDBDB 11~15. ADCAD
【知识点】
完形语境推理
词义辨析
动词短语辨析
【点评】
本题属于人文故事类完形填空，叙事线索清晰，主旨明确，大部分题目的解题提示都藏在前后文的对应位置，既考查了基础词汇和短语的积累，也引导学生形成不要草率否定他人的正向思维。解题时要注意避免脱离全文语境仅凭单个词的含义选答案，做完后代入全文通读验证逻辑，就能保证正确率。
【难度系数】
0.65
做完形填空首先要先通读全文，理清本文“原本被当作杂草的植物实际是珍稀兰花”的叙事主线，把握文末“要给事物和他人时间证明价值，不要草率否定”的核心主旨。之后逐空结合上下文的提示信息、逻辑关系、词义辨析逐一筛选选项：先找到每空前后的对应线索，比如第一空后“没有杂草”对应院子的状态，三月发芽对应早春的时间线索，要鉴定花自然要找研究植物的朋友等，先排除明显不符合语境的选项，选出最贴合叙事逻辑的答案，最后再把所有答案代入全文通读，验证整体逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 后文提到院子里没有任何杂草，说明朋友之前勤劳打理，保持院子干净。A. natural自然的；B. clean干净的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. bright明亮的，故选B。
2. 前文提到“我非常懒”，后文说我从不拔草，说明我只是偶尔扫落叶。A. sometimes有时；B. often经常；C. never从不；D. always总是，懒的状态下不可能频繁扫落叶，故选A。
3. 后文明确给出时间提示“in March在三月”，三月属于早春时节，A. spring春天；B. summer夏天；C. autumn秋天；D. winter冬天，故选A。
4. 句意为：一个月后，当叶子舒展开来，我发现它们和林子里的野兰花很像。A. fell掉落；B. rose升起；C. covered覆盖；D. spread舒展、铺开，符合植物叶片生长的状态，故选D。
5. 后文提到了花的颜色特征，说明入夏之后这些草真的开花了。A. grew生长；B. happened发生；C. flowered开花；D. returned返回，故选C。
6. 前半句说它们外形和林子里的兰花相似，后半句说它们是黄色的，和林子里紫或棕红色的兰花不同，前后是转折逻辑。A. so所以；B. and并且；C. but但是；D. or否则，故选C。
7. 我摘了一朵花想要鉴定品种，自然要找研究植物的朋友。A. colours颜色；B. mountains山；C. seasons季节；D. plants植物，故选D。
8. 朋友知道这种珍稀兰花非常罕见，看到花之后第一反应是问我是在哪里摘到的。A. how如何；B. where哪里；C. why为什么；D. when什么时候，故选B。
9. 朋友告诉我这花非常值钱，说我要发财了，此时他的状态是十分激动的。A. proudly骄傲地；B. successfully成功地；C. carefully仔细地；D. excitedly激动地，故选D。
10. 理查德之前一直把这种兰花当杂草拔掉，得知它是珍稀品种的消息后第一反应是十分惊讶的。A. worried担忧的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. relaxed放松的，故选B。
11. 句意为：他以为这只是普通的杂草，所以每次刚发芽就把它拔掉。A. usual普通的；B. special特殊的；C. popular流行的；D. rare稀有的，故选A。
12. 句意为：他忍不住叹气：我几乎毁掉了一种珍稀的花。A. hardly几乎不；B. simply简单地；C. surely当然；D. nearly几乎，故选D。
13. 句意为：如果我当初有耐心等它开花，几年前就能发现它的价值了。A. happiness幸福；B. courage勇气；C. patience耐心；D. confidence自信，故选C。
14. 句意为：是啊，谁的人生中不会错过几株属于自己的珍稀兰花呢？A. miss错过；B. find找到；C. treasure珍惜；D. keep保留，故选A。
15. 句意为：如果我们不盲目拔掉每一株草，不草率否定一个人，我们会发现多少“珍稀兰花”啊。A. pull ahead领先；B. pull away脱身离开；C. pull in（车）进站；D. pull out拔出，故选D。
【答案】
1~5. BAADC 6~10. CDBDB 11~15. ADCAD
【知识点】
完形语境推理
词义辨析
动词短语辨析
【点评】
本题属于人文故事类完形填空，叙事线索清晰，主旨明确，大部分题目的解题提示都藏在前后文的对应位置，既考查了基础词汇和短语的积累，也引导学生形成不要草率否定他人的正向思维。解题时要注意避免脱离全文语境仅凭单个词的含义选答案，做完后代入全文通读验证逻辑，就能保证正确率。
【难度系数】
0.65