十、阅读理解。(共20分)
(一)[新素材](南京鼓楼区)
David is ill. He goes to see the doctor. Here is his medical record (病历).
Medical record
Name: David Age: 11 years old
Symptoms (症状): feel cold have a stomach ache
Reasons (原因): take off his jacket after running drink a lot of iced (冰镇的) cola
Suggestions (建议): take some medicine drink warm water
阅读材料,判断正(T)误(F)。(每小题2分,共10分)
(
(
(
(
(
(一)[新素材](南京鼓楼区)
David is ill. He goes to see the doctor. Here is his medical record (病历).
Medical record
Name: David Age: 11 years old
Symptoms (症状): feel cold have a stomach ache
Reasons (原因): take off his jacket after running drink a lot of iced (冰镇的) cola
Suggestions (建议): take some medicine drink warm water
阅读材料,判断正(T)误(F)。(每小题2分,共10分)
(
T
) 1. David is eleven years old.(
F
) 2. David feels cold and has a headache.(
F
) 3. David has a stomach ache because he puts on his jacket.(
T
) 4. David should take some medicine and drink warm water.(
F
) 5. David should drink a lot of iced cola after running.答案：(一) 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F
解析：
【分析】
这是一道阅读理解判断正误题，解题思路是先仔细阅读病历中的各项信息，包括年龄、症状、病因和建议，然后将每个小题的描述与病历中的对应内容逐一比对，判断描述是否与原文一致，一致则为正(T)，不一致则为误(F)。具体思考时，每看一个小题，就回到病历中找对应的关键词，比如年龄找“Age”，症状找“Symptoms”，病因找“Reasons”，建议找“Suggestions”，精准定位信息后再判断对错。
【解析】
1. 从病历的“Age: 11 years old”可知，David确实是11岁，与题目描述一致，判断为T。
2. 病历中“Symptoms: feel cold have a stomach ache”显示David的症状是发冷和胃疼，而题目中说“has a headache（头疼）”，与原文不符，判断为F。
3. 病历“Reasons: take off his jacket after running drink a lot of iced cola”表明胃疼的原因是跑步后脱外套和喝大量冰可乐，并非题目所说的“puts on his jacket（穿上外套）”，与原文不符，判断为F。
4. 病历“Suggestions: take some medicine drink warm water”给出的建议就是吃些药和喝温水，与题目描述一致，判断为T。
5. 喝大量冰可乐是David生病的原因，属于错误行为，不应该这么做，与题目描述不符，判断为F。
【答案】
(一) 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F
【知识点】
细节信息比对、阅读理解判断正误
【点评】
本题考查学生对阅读理解文本细节信息的提取与比对能力，文本为实用的病历素材，贴近生活。解题时需仔细核对题干描述与原文信息，避免因粗心混淆细节（如症状、病因的内容）而出错。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一道阅读理解判断正误题，解题思路是先仔细阅读病历中的各项信息，包括年龄、症状、病因和建议，然后将每个小题的描述与病历中的对应内容逐一比对，判断描述是否与原文一致，一致则为正(T)，不一致则为误(F)。具体思考时，每看一个小题，就回到病历中找对应的关键词，比如年龄找“Age”，症状找“Symptoms”，病因找“Reasons”，建议找“Suggestions”，精准定位信息后再判断对错。
【解析】
1. 从病历的“Age: 11 years old”可知，David确实是11岁，与题目描述一致，判断为T。
2. 病历中“Symptoms: feel cold have a stomach ache”显示David的症状是发冷和胃疼，而题目中说“has a headache（头疼）”，与原文不符，判断为F。
3. 病历“Reasons: take off his jacket after running drink a lot of iced cola”表明胃疼的原因是跑步后脱外套和喝大量冰可乐，并非题目所说的“puts on his jacket（穿上外套）”，与原文不符，判断为F。
4. 病历“Suggestions: take some medicine drink warm water”给出的建议就是吃些药和喝温水，与题目描述一致，判断为T。
5. 喝大量冰可乐是David生病的原因，属于错误行为，不应该这么做，与题目描述不符，判断为F。
【答案】
(一) 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F
【知识点】
细节信息比对、阅读理解判断正误
【点评】
本题考查学生对阅读理解文本细节信息的提取与比对能力，文本为实用的病历素材，贴近生活。解题时需仔细核对题干描述与原文信息，避免因粗心混淆细节（如症状、病因的内容）而出错。
【难度系数】
0.8
(二)
One day, a little horse carries a big bag to the mill (磨坊). There is a river in front of him. The little horse is worried. He asks a nearby cow, "Is the river deep, Mrs Cow? Can I cross it?" Mrs Cow answers, "It's very shallow (浅的). It just reaches my knees (膝盖)."
The little horse is ready to cross the river. Then a squirrel (松鼠) shouts to him, "Stop! The river is very deep. My friend drowned (淹死了) in it last year (去年)."
The little horse does not know what to do. He goes home to ask his mum. She says, "Don't just listen to others, dear. You can try it yourself (你自己)."
The little horse comes back to the river. He walks carefully into the river. The water reaches his body. It is not very shallow, but it is not very deep either.
阅读短文,回答问题。(每小题2.5分,共10分)
1. Why does the little horse have to cross the river?
2. Who gives the little horse suggestions?
3. Why do the cow and the squirrel have different opinions (想法)?
4. Why does the little horse go back to ask his mother?
One day, a little horse carries a big bag to the mill (磨坊). There is a river in front of him. The little horse is worried. He asks a nearby cow, "Is the river deep, Mrs Cow? Can I cross it?" Mrs Cow answers, "It's very shallow (浅的). It just reaches my knees (膝盖)."
The little horse is ready to cross the river. Then a squirrel (松鼠) shouts to him, "Stop! The river is very deep. My friend drowned (淹死了) in it last year (去年)."
The little horse does not know what to do. He goes home to ask his mum. She says, "Don't just listen to others, dear. You can try it yourself (你自己)."
The little horse comes back to the river. He walks carefully into the river. The water reaches his body. It is not very shallow, but it is not very deep either.
阅读短文,回答问题。(每小题2.5分,共10分)
1. Why does the little horse have to cross the river?
Because he wants to go to the mill.
2. Who gives the little horse suggestions?
The cow, the squirrel and his mum.
3. Why do the cow and the squirrel have different opinions (想法)?
Because the cow is big and the squirrel is small.
4. Why does the little horse go back to ask his mother?
Because he doesn't know what to do.
答案：(二) 1. Because he wants to go to the mill. 2. The cow, the squirrel and his mum. 3. Because the cow is big and the squirrel is small. 4. Because he doesn't know what to do.
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：解题思路是明确问题为小马过河的原因，回到原文开头定位关键句“One day, a little horse carries a big bag to the mill (磨坊). There is a river in front of him.”，从中提取小马要去磨坊、必须过河的核心信息作答。
2. 第2题：解题思路是找出给小马提建议的对象，通读全文依次定位：牛夫人告知河水深浅、松鼠提醒河水危险、妈妈建议亲自尝试，整理这三个对象即可。
3. 第3题：解题思路是分析牛和松鼠看法不同的根源，结合文本细节和生活常识，牛体型大，河水仅到膝盖所以觉得浅；松鼠体型小，同伴淹死所以觉得深，核心原因是二者体型差异。
4. 第4题：解题思路是直接从原文找小马回家问妈妈的原因，定位语句“The little horse does not know what to do. He goes home to ask his mum.”，提取关键信息作答。
【解析】
1. 根据原文开篇“One day, a little horse carries a big bag to the mill (磨坊). There is a river in front of him.”可知，小马要前往磨坊，河流挡住了去路，因此必须过河，答案为Because he wants to go to the mill.
2. 通读全文可知，Mrs Cow给小马说河水浅，squirrel提醒小马河水很深，小马的妈妈建议他亲自尝试，这三个角色都给了小马相关建议，答案为The cow, the squirrel and his mum.
3. 结合文本内容和生活逻辑，牛的体型较大，河水只到它的膝盖，所以认为河水浅；松鼠体型很小，它的同伴在河里淹死了，所以认为河水很深，二者看法不同的原因是体型大小有差异，答案为Because the cow is big and the squirrel is small.
4. 根据原文“The little horse does not know what to do. He goes home to ask his mum.”可知，小马面对两种不同的意见，不知道该如何抉择，所以回家询问妈妈，答案为Because he doesn't know what to do.
【答案】
(二) 1. Because he wants to go to the mill. 2. The cow, the squirrel and his mum. 3. Because the cow is big and the squirrel is small. 4. Because he doesn't know what to do.
【知识点】
细节信息提取、推理判断、文本理解
【点评】
这篇短文是经典的“小马过河”故事，既考查学生从文本中精准提取关键信息的能力，也传递了“实践出真知”的道理。做题时需紧扣原文定位相关语句，同时结合生活常识理解文本隐含逻辑，能有效提升学生的阅读理解与逻辑思考能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
1. 第1题：解题思路是明确问题为小马过河的原因，回到原文开头定位关键句“One day, a little horse carries a big bag to the mill (磨坊). There is a river in front of him.”，从中提取小马要去磨坊、必须过河的核心信息作答。
2. 第2题：解题思路是找出给小马提建议的对象，通读全文依次定位：牛夫人告知河水深浅、松鼠提醒河水危险、妈妈建议亲自尝试，整理这三个对象即可。
3. 第3题：解题思路是分析牛和松鼠看法不同的根源，结合文本细节和生活常识，牛体型大，河水仅到膝盖所以觉得浅；松鼠体型小，同伴淹死所以觉得深，核心原因是二者体型差异。
4. 第4题：解题思路是直接从原文找小马回家问妈妈的原因，定位语句“The little horse does not know what to do. He goes home to ask his mum.”，提取关键信息作答。
【解析】
1. 根据原文开篇“One day, a little horse carries a big bag to the mill (磨坊). There is a river in front of him.”可知，小马要前往磨坊，河流挡住了去路，因此必须过河，答案为Because he wants to go to the mill.
2. 通读全文可知，Mrs Cow给小马说河水浅，squirrel提醒小马河水很深，小马的妈妈建议他亲自尝试，这三个角色都给了小马相关建议，答案为The cow, the squirrel and his mum.
3. 结合文本内容和生活逻辑，牛的体型较大，河水只到它的膝盖，所以认为河水浅；松鼠体型很小，它的同伴在河里淹死了，所以认为河水很深，二者看法不同的原因是体型大小有差异，答案为Because the cow is big and the squirrel is small.
4. 根据原文“The little horse does not know what to do. He goes home to ask his mum.”可知，小马面对两种不同的意见，不知道该如何抉择，所以回家询问妈妈，答案为Because he doesn't know what to do.
【答案】
(二) 1. Because he wants to go to the mill. 2. The cow, the squirrel and his mum. 3. Because the cow is big and the squirrel is small. 4. Because he doesn't know what to do.
【知识点】
细节信息提取、推理判断、文本理解
【点评】
这篇短文是经典的“小马过河”故事，既考查学生从文本中精准提取关键信息的能力，也传递了“实践出真知”的道理。做题时需紧扣原文定位相关语句，同时结合生活常识理解文本隐含逻辑，能有效提升学生的阅读理解与逻辑思考能力。
【难度系数】
0.8