四、综合填空
Peng Shilu was born in a family of heroes in Haifeng, Guangdong in 1925. When he was less than five years old, his parents died. The young boy 1. ___ (look) after and protected by the poor. He moved between different families and lived 2. ___ difficult life. But people's kindness influenced him 3. ___ (great) at his early age.
In 1940, Peng Shilu was taken to Chongqing. Later with the help of the Communist Party of China(中国共产党)，he went to study in Yan'an. In 1951, he went abroad to learn chemical engineering. When he 4. ___(complete)his studies, he got an excellent grade.
In 1956, Peng Shilu was asked, "Are you willing to change your research field?" "Of course, as long as(只要)the motherland has a need!"
With the strong belief(信念)，Peng Shilu began to study nuclear power(核能)at once. In the early 1960s，China's 5. ___(develop)of nuclear submarines(核潜艇)was almost a“blank”. Peng Shilu and other scientists kept working on it. In 1970，China's first nuclear submarine 6. ___(build). In 1974，China became the 7. ___(five)country in the world to have a nuclear submarine.
Peng Shilu worked very hard. He spent all his life 8._______(study) nuclear power. "I have aimed 9._______(do) two things in my life. One is to build nuclear submarines and the other is to build nuclear power stations," said Peng Shilu.
Peng died on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. As a pioneer in nuclear power, he is remembered 10. ___ the people and the country.
Peng Shilu was born in a family of heroes in Haifeng, Guangdong in 1925. When he was less than five years old, his parents died. The young boy 1. ___ (look) after and protected by the poor. He moved between different families and lived 2. ___ difficult life. But people's kindness influenced him 3. ___ (great) at his early age.
In 1940, Peng Shilu was taken to Chongqing. Later with the help of the Communist Party of China(中国共产党)，he went to study in Yan'an. In 1951, he went abroad to learn chemical engineering. When he 4. ___(complete)his studies, he got an excellent grade.
In 1956, Peng Shilu was asked, "Are you willing to change your research field?" "Of course, as long as(只要)the motherland has a need!"
With the strong belief(信念)，Peng Shilu began to study nuclear power(核能)at once. In the early 1960s，China's 5. ___(develop)of nuclear submarines(核潜艇)was almost a“blank”. Peng Shilu and other scientists kept working on it. In 1970，China's first nuclear submarine 6. ___(build). In 1974，China became the 7. ___(five)country in the world to have a nuclear submarine.
Peng Shilu worked very hard. He spent all his life 8._______(study) nuclear power. "I have aimed 9._______(do) two things in my life. One is to build nuclear submarines and the other is to build nuclear power stations," said Peng Shilu.
Peng died on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. As a pioneer in nuclear power, he is remembered 10. ___ the people and the country.
答案：1. was looked 2. a 3. greatly 4. completed 5. development
6. was built 7. fifth 8. studying 9. to do 10. by
6. was built 7. fifth 8. studying 9. to do 10. by
解析：
【分析】
我们可以根据语境、语法规则和固定搭配来逐个分析每个空的解题思路：
1. 第1空：主语是the young boy，他是“被照顾”的对象，和look after存在被动关系，且文章讲述的是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。
2. 第2空：需要回忆固定表达“live a + 形容词 + life”，表示“过着……的生活”，直接套用搭配即可。
3. 第3空：此处要修饰动词influenced，修饰动词需用副词，所以要把形容词great转换成副词形式。
4. 第4空：主句的时态是一般过去时（got），从句时态要和主句保持一致，所以complete要用过去式。
5. 第5空：China's是名词所有格，后面需要接名词，所以要把动词develop转换成名词形式。
6. 第6空：主语China's first nuclear submarine是“被建造”的对象，和build是被动关系，时间是1970年（过去的时间），所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
7. 第7空：此处表示“第五个国家”，表示顺序要用序数词，所以把基数词five转换成序数词。
8. 第8空：固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth”表示“花费时间做某事”，所以study要用动名词形式。
9. 第9空：固定搭配“aim to do sth”表示“旨在做某事；目标是做某事”，直接套用搭配即可。
10. 第10空：固定短语“be remembered by sb”表示“被某人记住”，表示动作的执行者用介词by。
【解析】
1. 第1空：主语the young boy与look after是被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，故填was looked。
2. 第2空：固定短语“live a difficult life”表示“过着艰难的生活”，difficult以辅音音素开头，故填a。
3. 第3空：此处修饰动词influenced，需用副词，great的副词形式为greatly，故填greatly。
4. 第4空：根据主句“he got an excellent grade”的一般过去时时态，从句时态保持一致，complete的过去式为completed，故填completed。
5. 第5空：China's为名词所有格，后接名词，develop的名词形式为development，故填development。
6. 第6空：主语China's first nuclear submarine与build是被动关系，时间为1970年（过去时间），一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，故填was built。
7. 第7空：此处表示“第五个国家”，需用序数词，five的序数词为fifth，故填fifth。
8. 第8空：固定搭配“spend all one's life doing sth”表示“花费一生做某事”，故填studying。
9. 第9空：固定搭配“aim to do sth”表示“目标是做某事”，故填to do。
10. 第10空：固定短语“be remembered by sb”表示“被某人记住”，故填by。
【答案】
1. was looked 2. a 3. greatly 4. completed 5. development 6. was built 7. fifth 8. studying 9. to do 10. by
【知识点】
一般过去时的被动语态、固定短语搭配、词性转换
【点评】
这篇短文围绕彭士禄院士的生平展开，题目涵盖了被动语态、固定搭配、词性转换等初中英语核心知识点，既考查了学生的语法运用能力，也传递了先辈的爱国精神。解题时需结合语境，熟练运用语法规则和固定表达，整体对基础知识的掌握程度要求较高。
【难度系数】
0.6
我们可以根据语境、语法规则和固定搭配来逐个分析每个空的解题思路：
1. 第1空：主语是the young boy，他是“被照顾”的对象，和look after存在被动关系，且文章讲述的是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。
2. 第2空：需要回忆固定表达“live a + 形容词 + life”，表示“过着……的生活”，直接套用搭配即可。
3. 第3空：此处要修饰动词influenced，修饰动词需用副词，所以要把形容词great转换成副词形式。
4. 第4空：主句的时态是一般过去时（got），从句时态要和主句保持一致，所以complete要用过去式。
5. 第5空：China's是名词所有格，后面需要接名词，所以要把动词develop转换成名词形式。
6. 第6空：主语China's first nuclear submarine是“被建造”的对象，和build是被动关系，时间是1970年（过去的时间），所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
7. 第7空：此处表示“第五个国家”，表示顺序要用序数词，所以把基数词five转换成序数词。
8. 第8空：固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth”表示“花费时间做某事”，所以study要用动名词形式。
9. 第9空：固定搭配“aim to do sth”表示“旨在做某事；目标是做某事”，直接套用搭配即可。
10. 第10空：固定短语“be remembered by sb”表示“被某人记住”，表示动作的执行者用介词by。
【解析】
1. 第1空：主语the young boy与look after是被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，故填was looked。
2. 第2空：固定短语“live a difficult life”表示“过着艰难的生活”，difficult以辅音音素开头，故填a。
3. 第3空：此处修饰动词influenced，需用副词，great的副词形式为greatly，故填greatly。
4. 第4空：根据主句“he got an excellent grade”的一般过去时时态，从句时态保持一致，complete的过去式为completed，故填completed。
5. 第5空：China's为名词所有格，后接名词，develop的名词形式为development，故填development。
6. 第6空：主语China's first nuclear submarine与build是被动关系，时间为1970年（过去时间），一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，故填was built。
7. 第7空：此处表示“第五个国家”，需用序数词，five的序数词为fifth，故填fifth。
8. 第8空：固定搭配“spend all one's life doing sth”表示“花费一生做某事”，故填studying。
9. 第9空：固定搭配“aim to do sth”表示“目标是做某事”，故填to do。
10. 第10空：固定短语“be remembered by sb”表示“被某人记住”，故填by。
【答案】
1. was looked 2. a 3. greatly 4. completed 5. development 6. was built 7. fifth 8. studying 9. to do 10. by
【知识点】
一般过去时的被动语态、固定短语搭配、词性转换
【点评】
这篇短文围绕彭士禄院士的生平展开，题目涵盖了被动语态、固定搭配、词性转换等初中英语核心知识点，既考查了学生的语法运用能力，也传递了先辈的爱国精神。解题时需结合语境，熟练运用语法规则和固定表达，整体对基础知识的掌握程度要求较高。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、完形填空
My dad works for an aid(救助)organization. He and his workmates give 1 aid to the hungry people in poor areas. Last weekend, I joined him in his daily work. I was there simply to 2 leaflets. The job was 3 and I wasn't having fun.
Then I saw a girl doing the same work as I did, but she was smiling all the time. She walked to people and asked them 4 they needed help, instead of waiting for people to find her. Just then, a toothless man came over, head down and shoulders bowed. His clothes were old, dirty and broken. I saw the girl talking 5 to the man, "Morning, sir! Is there anything I can help with?" SIR? SIR! She spoke to the old man like he was 6. Was I hearing her correctly? Why would she treat a poor man from the street 7 a captain(上校) in the army?
She showed love. She cared about the old man and wanted him to feel loved. And she showed respect. When she called him "Sir", he raised his head and I saw the surprised look on his face.
After seeing what she did, I knew I could do my job 8. A little boy walked over to me and I smiled at him, asking if he'd like some food with the same respect the girl showed. It gave me the 9 that can only be felt when you do something right.
Taking time to show care and love has 10 me a lot. Holding the key, I open every room to let the sunshine flow in.
( ) 1. A. food B. safety C. medical D. education
( ) 2. A. push for B. look through C. give up D. hand out
( ) 3. A. boring B. exciting C. relaxing D. surprising
( ) 4. A. why B. whether C. how D. when
( ) 5. A. proudly B. seriously C. politely D. carelessly
( ) 6. A. funny B. lonely C. interesting D. important
( ) 7. A. as B. for C. with D. about
( ) 8. A. louder B. better C. sooner D. quicker
( ) 9. A. confidence B. surprise C. courage D. joy
( )10. A. achieved B. influenced C. held D. treated
My dad works for an aid(救助)organization. He and his workmates give 1 aid to the hungry people in poor areas. Last weekend, I joined him in his daily work. I was there simply to 2 leaflets. The job was 3 and I wasn't having fun.
Then I saw a girl doing the same work as I did, but she was smiling all the time. She walked to people and asked them 4 they needed help, instead of waiting for people to find her. Just then, a toothless man came over, head down and shoulders bowed. His clothes were old, dirty and broken. I saw the girl talking 5 to the man, "Morning, sir! Is there anything I can help with?" SIR? SIR! She spoke to the old man like he was 6. Was I hearing her correctly? Why would she treat a poor man from the street 7 a captain(上校) in the army?
She showed love. She cared about the old man and wanted him to feel loved. And she showed respect. When she called him "Sir", he raised his head and I saw the surprised look on his face.
After seeing what she did, I knew I could do my job 8. A little boy walked over to me and I smiled at him, asking if he'd like some food with the same respect the girl showed. It gave me the 9 that can only be felt when you do something right.
Taking time to show care and love has 10 me a lot. Holding the key, I open every room to let the sunshine flow in.
( ) 1. A. food B. safety C. medical D. education
( ) 2. A. push for B. look through C. give up D. hand out
( ) 3. A. boring B. exciting C. relaxing D. surprising
( ) 4. A. why B. whether C. how D. when
( ) 5. A. proudly B. seriously C. politely D. carelessly
( ) 6. A. funny B. lonely C. interesting D. important
( ) 7. A. as B. for C. with D. about
( ) 8. A. louder B. better C. sooner D. quicker
( ) 9. A. confidence B. surprise C. courage D. joy
( )10. A. achieved B. influenced C. held D. treated
答案：1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B
解析：
【分析】
这篇文章讲述了作者跟随从事救助工作的爸爸参与志愿活动，起初觉得分发传单的工作无聊，后来看到一位女孩用尊重和关爱对待受助者的行为，深受启发，改变了工作态度的故事。解题时需紧密结合上下文语境和词义辨析来逐一确定答案：
1. 第1空：后文提到救助的是“hungry people（饥饿的人）”，所以对应的救助物资应该是食物，由此锁定答案。
2. 第2空：结合“leaflets（传单）”和志愿工作场景，可知作者的任务是分发传单，需选择符合“分发”含义的短语。
3. 第3空：根据后文“I wasn't having fun（我没觉得有趣）”，可推断这份工作是无聊的。
4. 第4空：女孩主动走向人们，询问的是“是否”需要帮助，需选择引导“是否”含义的宾语从句连接词。
5. 第5空：从女孩对老人说的“Morning, sir! Is there anything I can help with?”能看出她说话很礼貌，据此选择副词。
6. 第6空：女孩称呼老人“Sir”，这种态度像是把老人当作重要的人对待，需选择符合该语境的形容词。
7. 第7空：这里考查固定搭配“treat...as...”，意为“把……当作……”，结合语境可确定答案。
8. 第8空：看到女孩的做法后，作者意识到自己能把工作做得更好，需选择表示“更好”的副词比较级。
9. 第9空：用正确的方式对待他人，做了正确的事，内心会产生喜悦感，据此选择对应的名词。
10. 第10空：这段经历对作者产生了很大影响，需选择表示“影响”含义的动词。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据后文“the hungry people in poor areas”可知，救助饥饿的人需要提供食物，A选项food（食物）符合语境；B.safety（安全）、C.medical（医疗的）、D.education（教育）均不符合，故选A。
2. 第2题：leaflets意为“传单”，结合志愿工作场景，作者的工作是分发传单，D选项hand out（分发）符合；A.push for（推动）、B.look through（浏览）、C.give up（放弃）均不符合语境，故选D。
3. 第3题：根据后文“I wasn't having fun”可知，这份工作让人觉得无趣，A选项boring（无聊的）符合；B.exciting（令人兴奋的）、C.relaxing（令人放松的）、D.surprising（令人惊讶的）均不符合，故选A。
4. 第4题：女孩主动询问人们是否需要帮助，B选项whether（是否）引导宾语从句，符合语境；A.why（为什么）、C.how（如何）、D.when（何时）均不符合，故选B。
5. 第5题：从女孩的问候语“Morning, sir! Is there anything I can help with?”能看出她说话很礼貌，C选项politely（礼貌地）符合；A.proudly（骄傲地）、B.seriously（严肃地）、D.carelessly（粗心地）均不符合，故选C。
6. 第6题：女孩称呼老人“Sir”，这种态度像是把老人当作重要的人对待，D选项important（重要的）符合；A.funny（滑稽的）、B.lonely（孤独的）、C.interesting（有趣的）均不符合，故选D。
7. 第7题：固定搭配“treat...as...”意为“把……当作……”，句意为“她为什么要把街上的穷人当作军队里的上校对待？”，故选A。
8. 第8题：看到女孩的做法后，作者意识到自己能把工作做得更好，B选项better（更好地）符合语境，故选B。
9. 第9题：用尊重的态度对待他人，做了正确的事，内心会产生喜悦感，D选项joy（喜悦）符合；A.confidence（自信）、B.surprise（惊讶）、C.courage（勇气）均不符合，故选D。
10. 第10题：花时间传递关爱和尊重的经历对作者产生了很大影响，B选项influenced（影响）符合；A.achieved（实现）、C.held（握住）、D.treated（对待）均不符合，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B
【知识点】
1. 词义辨析；2. 固定搭配；3. 语境理解
【点评】
这篇完形填空以“关爱与尊重”为主题，通过作者的亲身经历传递温暖的价值观。解题时需紧密结合上下文语境，既要辨析词义、掌握固定搭配，也要体会文章传递的情感，既能提升英语语言运用能力，也能引导学生树立尊重他人、传递爱心的意识。
【难度系数】
0.6
这篇文章讲述了作者跟随从事救助工作的爸爸参与志愿活动，起初觉得分发传单的工作无聊，后来看到一位女孩用尊重和关爱对待受助者的行为，深受启发，改变了工作态度的故事。解题时需紧密结合上下文语境和词义辨析来逐一确定答案：
1. 第1空：后文提到救助的是“hungry people（饥饿的人）”，所以对应的救助物资应该是食物，由此锁定答案。
2. 第2空：结合“leaflets（传单）”和志愿工作场景，可知作者的任务是分发传单，需选择符合“分发”含义的短语。
3. 第3空：根据后文“I wasn't having fun（我没觉得有趣）”，可推断这份工作是无聊的。
4. 第4空：女孩主动走向人们，询问的是“是否”需要帮助，需选择引导“是否”含义的宾语从句连接词。
5. 第5空：从女孩对老人说的“Morning, sir! Is there anything I can help with?”能看出她说话很礼貌，据此选择副词。
6. 第6空：女孩称呼老人“Sir”，这种态度像是把老人当作重要的人对待，需选择符合该语境的形容词。
7. 第7空：这里考查固定搭配“treat...as...”，意为“把……当作……”，结合语境可确定答案。
8. 第8空：看到女孩的做法后，作者意识到自己能把工作做得更好，需选择表示“更好”的副词比较级。
9. 第9空：用正确的方式对待他人，做了正确的事，内心会产生喜悦感，据此选择对应的名词。
10. 第10空：这段经历对作者产生了很大影响，需选择表示“影响”含义的动词。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据后文“the hungry people in poor areas”可知，救助饥饿的人需要提供食物，A选项food（食物）符合语境；B.safety（安全）、C.medical（医疗的）、D.education（教育）均不符合，故选A。
2. 第2题：leaflets意为“传单”，结合志愿工作场景，作者的工作是分发传单，D选项hand out（分发）符合；A.push for（推动）、B.look through（浏览）、C.give up（放弃）均不符合语境，故选D。
3. 第3题：根据后文“I wasn't having fun”可知，这份工作让人觉得无趣，A选项boring（无聊的）符合；B.exciting（令人兴奋的）、C.relaxing（令人放松的）、D.surprising（令人惊讶的）均不符合，故选A。
4. 第4题：女孩主动询问人们是否需要帮助，B选项whether（是否）引导宾语从句，符合语境；A.why（为什么）、C.how（如何）、D.when（何时）均不符合，故选B。
5. 第5题：从女孩的问候语“Morning, sir! Is there anything I can help with?”能看出她说话很礼貌，C选项politely（礼貌地）符合；A.proudly（骄傲地）、B.seriously（严肃地）、D.carelessly（粗心地）均不符合，故选C。
6. 第6题：女孩称呼老人“Sir”，这种态度像是把老人当作重要的人对待，D选项important（重要的）符合；A.funny（滑稽的）、B.lonely（孤独的）、C.interesting（有趣的）均不符合，故选D。
7. 第7题：固定搭配“treat...as...”意为“把……当作……”，句意为“她为什么要把街上的穷人当作军队里的上校对待？”，故选A。
8. 第8题：看到女孩的做法后，作者意识到自己能把工作做得更好，B选项better（更好地）符合语境，故选B。
9. 第9题：用尊重的态度对待他人，做了正确的事，内心会产生喜悦感，D选项joy（喜悦）符合；A.confidence（自信）、B.surprise（惊讶）、C.courage（勇气）均不符合，故选D。
10. 第10题：花时间传递关爱和尊重的经历对作者产生了很大影响，B选项influenced（影响）符合；A.achieved（实现）、C.held（握住）、D.treated（对待）均不符合，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.B
【知识点】
1. 词义辨析；2. 固定搭配；3. 语境理解
【点评】
这篇完形填空以“关爱与尊重”为主题，通过作者的亲身经历传递温暖的价值观。解题时需紧密结合上下文语境，既要辨析词义、掌握固定搭配，也要体会文章传递的情感，既能提升英语语言运用能力，也能引导学生树立尊重他人、传递爱心的意识。
【难度系数】
0.6