五、阅读短文，回答问题
Born into a poor farmer's family in Dushantou Village in 1960, Liang Ruirong got polio (小儿麻痹症)when he was a child.After failing to pass the national college entrance exam, he made a living by working in fields and collecting pig droppings for manure(肥料).
After about a year, Liang caught the rare chance to become a full-time worker at a factory in a neighbouring town. Modest, curious and hard-working, he became the workshop director after five years, and developed 50 new products.
Over time, the idea of setting up his own company began to take shape. "We didn't have the money," he said. "I had to borrow it from friends. I set the factory up near home with 10 workmates." During the first few years, when the products were ready, Liang travelled in a delivery van(送货车)to send them to buyers in person. "To cut the cost, I often slept in the van at night," he said.
As his business grew, Liang never forgot about the hard time he went through because of his disability. As the company chairman, he created jobs in the factory, which do not require physical exertion(强体力活动)and are easy to master, to make sure that many disabled workers could benefit.
After nearly twenty years of quick development, Liang's company is now famous for being one of China's largest producers of bamboo and wood products.
These green and environment-friendly products are not only popular at home, but also well-received abroad, especially in the United States, Europe and Japan. "The company's overseas sales reached 13.27 million last year," Liang said, adding that the products will help with national goals to fight global (全球的) warming.
For Liang, the company has set an example to the world, showing that business can be both profitable(盈利的)and socially responsible(可靠的).
1. What did Liang do to make a living after failing the college entrance exam ______ ?
2. How did Liang manage to start his own factory since he didn't have enough money ______ ?
3. What does Liang's company mainly sell ______ ?
4. Why did Liang create jobs that are easy to master ______ ?
5. What can you learn from Liang's story?
Born into a poor farmer's family in Dushantou Village in 1960, Liang Ruirong got polio (小儿麻痹症)when he was a child.After failing to pass the national college entrance exam, he made a living by working in fields and collecting pig droppings for manure(肥料).
After about a year, Liang caught the rare chance to become a full-time worker at a factory in a neighbouring town. Modest, curious and hard-working, he became the workshop director after five years, and developed 50 new products.
Over time, the idea of setting up his own company began to take shape. "We didn't have the money," he said. "I had to borrow it from friends. I set the factory up near home with 10 workmates." During the first few years, when the products were ready, Liang travelled in a delivery van(送货车)to send them to buyers in person. "To cut the cost, I often slept in the van at night," he said.
As his business grew, Liang never forgot about the hard time he went through because of his disability. As the company chairman, he created jobs in the factory, which do not require physical exertion(强体力活动)and are easy to master, to make sure that many disabled workers could benefit.
After nearly twenty years of quick development, Liang's company is now famous for being one of China's largest producers of bamboo and wood products.
These green and environment-friendly products are not only popular at home, but also well-received abroad, especially in the United States, Europe and Japan. "The company's overseas sales reached 13.27 million last year," Liang said, adding that the products will help with national goals to fight global (全球的) warming.
For Liang, the company has set an example to the world, showing that business can be both profitable(盈利的)and socially responsible(可靠的).
1. What did Liang do to make a living after failing the college entrance exam ______ ?
2. How did Liang manage to start his own factory since he didn't have enough money ______ ?
3. What does Liang's company mainly sell ______ ?
4. Why did Liang create jobs that are easy to master ______ ?
5. What can you learn from Liang's story?
答案：1. He worked in fields and collected pig droppings for manure.
2. He borrowed money from friends. 3. Bamboo and wood products.
4. Because he wanted to provide job chances for disabled people./To make sure that many
disabled workers could benefit.
5. We should never give up even if we meet great difficulties.
2. He borrowed money from friends. 3. Bamboo and wood products.
4. Because he wanted to provide job chances for disabled people./To make sure that many
disabled workers could benefit.
5. We should never give up even if we meet great difficulties.
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇人物传记类阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 第1-4题为细节理解题，需先锁定题干中的关键信息，比如“after failing the college entrance exam”“start his own factory”等，再回到原文定位对应段落，提取核心内容作答；
2. 第5题为主旨感悟题，需要梳理梁瑞荣的人生经历：自幼患小儿麻痹、高考失利后务农、抓住机会成为工厂骨干、借钱创业、帮扶残疾人等，从中提炼出值得学习的品质与道理。
【解析】
1. 根据题干关键词“after failing the college entrance exam”定位到原文第一段最后一句：“After failing to pass the national college entrance exam, he made a living by working in fields and collecting pig droppings for manure(肥料).”，直接提取他的谋生方式即可得到答案。
2. 根据题干关键词“start his own factory”“didn't have enough money”定位到原文第三段：“We didn't have the money," he said. "I had to borrow it from friends.”，由此可知他通过向朋友借钱解决资金问题，创办了工厂。
3. 根据题干关键词“company mainly sell”定位到原文第五段：“Liang's company is now famous for being one of China's largest producers of bamboo and wood products.”，可知公司主要售卖竹木产品。
4. 根据题干关键词“create jobs that are easy to master”定位到原文第四段：“he created jobs in the factory, which do not require physical exertion(强体力活动)and are easy to master, to make sure that many disabled workers could benefit.”，明确他设置这类岗位的目的是让残疾工人受益。
5. 梳理梁瑞荣的经历：身有残疾却不向命运妥协，高考失利后努力谋生，抓住机遇提升自我，创业后不忘帮扶弱势群体，从中可以感悟到面对困境要永不放弃、要有社会责任感等正向道理。
【答案】
1. He worked in fields and collected pig droppings for manure.
2. He borrowed money from friends.
3. Bamboo and wood products.
4. Because he wanted to provide job chances for disabled people./To make sure that many disabled workers could benefit.
5. We should never give up even if we meet great difficulties.
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 主旨感悟归纳
【点评】
本文通过讲述梁瑞荣的创业与助人经历，考查学生的细节提取能力和主旨感悟能力。题目设置紧密贴合文本，既要求学生精准定位原文信息，也需要学生结合人物经历提炼正向价值观，有助于提升学生的阅读理解能力和思想认知。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇人物传记类阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 第1-4题为细节理解题，需先锁定题干中的关键信息，比如“after failing the college entrance exam”“start his own factory”等，再回到原文定位对应段落，提取核心内容作答；
2. 第5题为主旨感悟题，需要梳理梁瑞荣的人生经历：自幼患小儿麻痹、高考失利后务农、抓住机会成为工厂骨干、借钱创业、帮扶残疾人等，从中提炼出值得学习的品质与道理。
【解析】
1. 根据题干关键词“after failing the college entrance exam”定位到原文第一段最后一句：“After failing to pass the national college entrance exam, he made a living by working in fields and collecting pig droppings for manure(肥料).”，直接提取他的谋生方式即可得到答案。
2. 根据题干关键词“start his own factory”“didn't have enough money”定位到原文第三段：“We didn't have the money," he said. "I had to borrow it from friends.”，由此可知他通过向朋友借钱解决资金问题，创办了工厂。
3. 根据题干关键词“company mainly sell”定位到原文第五段：“Liang's company is now famous for being one of China's largest producers of bamboo and wood products.”，可知公司主要售卖竹木产品。
4. 根据题干关键词“create jobs that are easy to master”定位到原文第四段：“he created jobs in the factory, which do not require physical exertion(强体力活动)and are easy to master, to make sure that many disabled workers could benefit.”，明确他设置这类岗位的目的是让残疾工人受益。
5. 梳理梁瑞荣的经历：身有残疾却不向命运妥协，高考失利后努力谋生，抓住机遇提升自我，创业后不忘帮扶弱势群体，从中可以感悟到面对困境要永不放弃、要有社会责任感等正向道理。
【答案】
1. He worked in fields and collected pig droppings for manure.
2. He borrowed money from friends.
3. Bamboo and wood products.
4. Because he wanted to provide job chances for disabled people./To make sure that many disabled workers could benefit.
5. We should never give up even if we meet great difficulties.
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 主旨感悟归纳
【点评】
本文通过讲述梁瑞荣的创业与助人经历，考查学生的细节提取能力和主旨感悟能力。题目设置紧密贴合文本，既要求学生精准定位原文信息，也需要学生结合人物经历提炼正向价值观，有助于提升学生的阅读理解能力和思想认知。
【难度系数】
0.6