五、阅读理解
$ \textcircled{1} $ Chongqing, a city in south-western China, has faced many environmental problems in recent years. Because of its quick development, the city faces air pollution, water pollution and waste management problems. However, Chongqing has taken useful measures(措施)to improve its environment.
$ \textcircled{2} $ In the past, Chongqing's air quality was poor because of factories and vehicle emissions (车辆排放物). To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy. For example, many factories have used natural gas instead of coal(煤炭). What's more, Chongqing has improved its public transport system to cut down the number of cars on the road.
$ \textcircled{3} $ Chongqing lies at the meeting point of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River, which makes water resource protection important. The city has built more sewage treatment plants (污水处理厂)to clean wastewater before it flows into the rivers. Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them.
$ \textcircled{4} $ The government has also set up a system to reduce the amount of rubbish. People are encouraged to separate their waste into different kinds, such as recyclable things, kitchen waste and hazardous waste like harmful chemicals. Schools and communities often organize activities to teach people how to separate waste correctly.
$ \textcircled{5} $ To make the city more comfortable to live in, Chongqing has planted millions of trees and built many parks and green spaces. These areas not only improve the environment but also provide places for people to relax and exercise.
$ \textcircled{6} $ Thanks to these efforts, Chongqing's environment has improved a lot. However, protecting the environment is a long-term task, and everyone needs to do their part.
( ) 1. According to the passage, what measures has Chongqing taken to solve air pollution?
$ \textcircled{1} $ Encouraging the use of clean energy. $ \textcircled{2} $ Setting up a system to reduce rubbish.
$ \textcircled{3} $ Building sewage treatment plants. $ \textcircled{4} $ Improving its public transport system.
A. $ \textcircled{1}\textcircled{2} $ B. $ \textcircled{2}\textcircled{3} $ C. $ \textcircled{1}\textcircled{4} $ D. $ \textcircled{3}\textcircled{4} $
( ) 2. How does the writer develop the third paragraph?
A. By listing facts. B. By sharing ideas.
C. By listing numbers. D. By asking questions.
( ) 3. What does the underlined word "hazardous" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Dirty. B. Dangerous. C. Beautiful. D. Necessary.
( ) 4. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
$ \textcircled{1} $ Chongqing, a city in south-western China, has faced many environmental problems in recent years. Because of its quick development, the city faces air pollution, water pollution and waste management problems. However, Chongqing has taken useful measures(措施)to improve its environment.
$ \textcircled{2} $ In the past, Chongqing's air quality was poor because of factories and vehicle emissions (车辆排放物). To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy. For example, many factories have used natural gas instead of coal(煤炭). What's more, Chongqing has improved its public transport system to cut down the number of cars on the road.
$ \textcircled{3} $ Chongqing lies at the meeting point of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River, which makes water resource protection important. The city has built more sewage treatment plants (污水处理厂)to clean wastewater before it flows into the rivers. Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them.
$ \textcircled{4} $ The government has also set up a system to reduce the amount of rubbish. People are encouraged to separate their waste into different kinds, such as recyclable things, kitchen waste and hazardous waste like harmful chemicals. Schools and communities often organize activities to teach people how to separate waste correctly.
$ \textcircled{5} $ To make the city more comfortable to live in, Chongqing has planted millions of trees and built many parks and green spaces. These areas not only improve the environment but also provide places for people to relax and exercise.
$ \textcircled{6} $ Thanks to these efforts, Chongqing's environment has improved a lot. However, protecting the environment is a long-term task, and everyone needs to do their part.
( ) 1. According to the passage, what measures has Chongqing taken to solve air pollution?
$ \textcircled{1} $ Encouraging the use of clean energy. $ \textcircled{2} $ Setting up a system to reduce rubbish.
$ \textcircled{3} $ Building sewage treatment plants. $ \textcircled{4} $ Improving its public transport system.
A. $ \textcircled{1}\textcircled{2} $ B. $ \textcircled{2}\textcircled{3} $ C. $ \textcircled{1}\textcircled{4} $ D. $ \textcircled{3}\textcircled{4} $
( ) 2. How does the writer develop the third paragraph?
A. By listing facts. B. By sharing ideas.
C. By listing numbers. D. By asking questions.
( ) 3. What does the underlined word "hazardous" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Dirty. B. Dangerous. C. Beautiful. D. Necessary.
( ) 4. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：先定位题目关键词“air pollution”，找到原文对应段落（第2段），提取其中的解决措施，再和选项对比匹配得出答案。
2. 第2题：观察第三段内容，分析其写作逻辑，段落通过列举重庆保护水资源的具体行动展开，判断写作手法。
3. 第3题：根据划线词后举例“harmful chemicals”（有害化学品），结合语境推测词义，找到与“有害”对应的选项。
4. 第4题：梳理文章整体结构：开头①段引入问题与总述措施，中间②-⑤段分述各项具体措施，最后⑥段总结成果并呼吁，再匹配选项中的结构。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第2段“To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy... What's more, Chongqing has improved its public transport system to cut down the number of cars on the road.”可知，解决空气污染的措施是鼓励使用清洁能源和改善公共交通系统，对应①和④，故选C。
2. 第2题：第三段提到“The city has built more sewage treatment plants... Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them.”，通过列举重庆水资源保护的具体行动展开段落，属于列举事实的写作手法，故选A。
3. 第3题：第4段中“hazardous waste like harmful chemicals”里，“harmful chemicals”是有害化学品，说明这类垃圾具有危险性，因此“hazardous”意为“危险的”，与dangerous意思相近，故选B。
4. 第4题：文章第①段是引言，介绍重庆的环境问题及将采取的措施；第②-⑤段分述空气污染治理、水资源保护、垃圾处理、绿化环境的具体措施；第⑥段是结论，总结环境改善成果并强调环保的长期性。对应选项B的结构，故选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 写作手法判断
3. 语境词义猜测
【点评】
本文围绕重庆的环境治理措施展开，考查了阅读理解的核心题型，需要学生精准定位原文信息、结合语境推理分析，同时掌握文章结构梳理的方法，对学生的阅读基础能力有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：先定位题目关键词“air pollution”，找到原文对应段落（第2段），提取其中的解决措施，再和选项对比匹配得出答案。
2. 第2题：观察第三段内容，分析其写作逻辑，段落通过列举重庆保护水资源的具体行动展开，判断写作手法。
3. 第3题：根据划线词后举例“harmful chemicals”（有害化学品），结合语境推测词义，找到与“有害”对应的选项。
4. 第4题：梳理文章整体结构：开头①段引入问题与总述措施，中间②-⑤段分述各项具体措施，最后⑥段总结成果并呼吁，再匹配选项中的结构。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第2段“To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy... What's more, Chongqing has improved its public transport system to cut down the number of cars on the road.”可知，解决空气污染的措施是鼓励使用清洁能源和改善公共交通系统，对应①和④，故选C。
2. 第2题：第三段提到“The city has built more sewage treatment plants... Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them.”，通过列举重庆水资源保护的具体行动展开段落，属于列举事实的写作手法，故选A。
3. 第3题：第4段中“hazardous waste like harmful chemicals”里，“harmful chemicals”是有害化学品，说明这类垃圾具有危险性，因此“hazardous”意为“危险的”，与dangerous意思相近，故选B。
4. 第4题：文章第①段是引言，介绍重庆的环境问题及将采取的措施；第②-⑤段分述空气污染治理、水资源保护、垃圾处理、绿化环境的具体措施；第⑥段是结论，总结环境改善成果并强调环保的长期性。对应选项B的结构，故选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 写作手法判断
3. 语境词义猜测
【点评】
本文围绕重庆的环境治理措施展开，考查了阅读理解的核心题型，需要学生精准定位原文信息、结合语境推理分析，同时掌握文章结构梳理的方法，对学生的阅读基础能力有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6