五、阅读理解
Manners are very important in our daily lives. There are many different customs(风俗) and habits among different countries. When we are abroad, we must follow the local customs. Here are examples of the things that a person with good manners does or does not do.
A person with good manners is always popular, while someone with bad manners usually fails to win others' respect. If you visit a Chinese family, you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you shouldn't move before the host says "Come in, please." After you enter the room, you shouldn't sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on the tea table before you or sent to your hand, you should say "Thank you" and receive (接收) it with two hands, not one hand, or they will think you are ill-mannered. Before entering a house in Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a visitor always finishes the drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. The host will be pleased with that.
You have to give your present in public in the Middle East to show it is not a bribe (贿赂). But it's good manners to give your present in Asia. You mustn't give knives in Latin America because it suggests that you want to cut off the relationship. You mustn't give your food or drink to Arabians because it suggests that you think your host can't offer you enough to eat and drink.
“Come any time” means "I want you to visit me" in India. If you don't suggest a time at once, the Indians will think you are refusing the invitation. But if English people say "Come any time", they will think you are impolite if you start fixing(确定)a date.
( ) 1. It is important to learn that different countries have different manners so that ___.
A. we can eat and drink well
B. we can be taught some good examples
C. we won't be afraid of people in those countries
D. we can know how to behave when we go abroad
( ) 2. In a Malay house, a guest leaves a little food to show that ___.
A. he has enjoyed it B. he can't eat any more
C. he needs some drinks D. he doesn't like the food
( ) 3. What does the underlined phrase "in private" mean?
A. In a quiet place. B. During a meeting.
C. Alone with someone. D. With others around.
( ) 4. Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A. It's good manners to give presents in public in China.
B. It's good manners to give knives in Latin America.
C. It's good manners to give some food to Arabians.
D. If English people say “Come any time”，it may be a lip service(客套话).
Manners are very important in our daily lives. There are many different customs(风俗) and habits among different countries. When we are abroad, we must follow the local customs. Here are examples of the things that a person with good manners does or does not do.
A person with good manners is always popular, while someone with bad manners usually fails to win others' respect. If you visit a Chinese family, you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you shouldn't move before the host says "Come in, please." After you enter the room, you shouldn't sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on the tea table before you or sent to your hand, you should say "Thank you" and receive (接收) it with two hands, not one hand, or they will think you are ill-mannered. Before entering a house in Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a visitor always finishes the drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. The host will be pleased with that.
You have to give your present in public in the Middle East to show it is not a bribe (贿赂). But it's good manners to give your present in Asia. You mustn't give knives in Latin America because it suggests that you want to cut off the relationship. You mustn't give your food or drink to Arabians because it suggests that you think your host can't offer you enough to eat and drink.
“Come any time” means "I want you to visit me" in India. If you don't suggest a time at once, the Indians will think you are refusing the invitation. But if English people say "Come any time", they will think you are impolite if you start fixing(确定)a date.
( ) 1. It is important to learn that different countries have different manners so that ___.
A. we can eat and drink well
B. we can be taught some good examples
C. we won't be afraid of people in those countries
D. we can know how to behave when we go abroad
( ) 2. In a Malay house, a guest leaves a little food to show that ___.
A. he has enjoyed it B. he can't eat any more
C. he needs some drinks D. he doesn't like the food
( ) 3. What does the underlined phrase "in private" mean?
A. In a quiet place. B. During a meeting.
C. Alone with someone. D. With others around.
( ) 4. Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A. It's good manners to give presents in public in China.
B. It's good manners to give knives in Latin America.
C. It's good manners to give some food to Arabians.
D. If English people say “Come any time”，it may be a lip service(客套话).
答案：1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：先定位文章第一段，文中明确指出“When we are abroad, we must follow the local customs.”，说明了解不同国家的礼仪核心目的是出国时能知晓如何得体行事，结合选项即可锁定正确答案。
2. 第2题：找到文中关于马来家庭的描述，第二段提到“In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.”，“has had enough”意为已经吃饱，对应选项中“不能再吃了”的表述。
3. 第3题：通过上下文对比推测词义，第三段提到中东需公开送礼物，而亚洲“in private”送礼物是礼貌，“in public”表示公开，因此“in private”是其反义词，即私下、单独和某人相处的状态。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项：A选项，文中说明亚洲私下送礼物才是礼貌，中国属于亚洲，所以公开送不符合礼仪；B选项，文中明确禁止在拉丁美洲送刀；C选项，不能给阿拉伯人食物或饮料；D选项，最后一段表明英国人说“Come any time”时，若确定日期会被视为不礼貌，说明这只是客套话，该选项符合文意。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段关键句“When we are abroad, we must follow the local customs.”可知，了解不同国家礼仪是为了出国时举止得体，故选D。
2. 第2题：由第二段“In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.”可知，客人留少量食物是表示自己已吃饱，无法再进食，故选B。
3. 第3题：第三段中“in public（公开）”与“in private”形成反义对比，“in private”意为私下、单独和某人相处，对应选项C。
4. 第4题：
A项：文中提到亚洲私下送礼物是礼貌行为，中国属于亚洲，因此公开送礼物不符合礼仪，A错误；
B项：根据“You mustn't give knives in Latin America because it suggests that you want to cut off the relationship.”可知，拉丁美洲禁止送刀，B错误；
C项：由“You mustn't give your food or drink to Arabians because it suggests that you think your host can't offer you enough to eat and drink.”可知，不能给阿拉伯人食物或饮料，C错误；
D项：根据最后一段“But if English people say "Come any time", they will think you are impolite if you start fixing(确定)a date.”可知，英国人说这句话只是客套，并非真的希望确定拜访日期，D正确。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 词义猜测（上下文对比）
3. 跨文化礼仪常识
【点评】
本文围绕不同国家的礼仪习俗展开，题目侧重细节定位与逻辑推理，需要学生精准抓取原文信息，并结合语境理解词义、判断选项正误，既考查阅读理解能力，也能帮助学生了解跨文化礼仪知识。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：先定位文章第一段，文中明确指出“When we are abroad, we must follow the local customs.”，说明了解不同国家的礼仪核心目的是出国时能知晓如何得体行事，结合选项即可锁定正确答案。
2. 第2题：找到文中关于马来家庭的描述，第二段提到“In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.”，“has had enough”意为已经吃饱，对应选项中“不能再吃了”的表述。
3. 第3题：通过上下文对比推测词义，第三段提到中东需公开送礼物，而亚洲“in private”送礼物是礼貌，“in public”表示公开，因此“in private”是其反义词，即私下、单独和某人相处的状态。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项：A选项，文中说明亚洲私下送礼物才是礼貌，中国属于亚洲，所以公开送不符合礼仪；B选项，文中明确禁止在拉丁美洲送刀；C选项，不能给阿拉伯人食物或饮料；D选项，最后一段表明英国人说“Come any time”时，若确定日期会被视为不礼貌，说明这只是客套话，该选项符合文意。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段关键句“When we are abroad, we must follow the local customs.”可知，了解不同国家礼仪是为了出国时举止得体，故选D。
2. 第2题：由第二段“In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.”可知，客人留少量食物是表示自己已吃饱，无法再进食，故选B。
3. 第3题：第三段中“in public（公开）”与“in private”形成反义对比，“in private”意为私下、单独和某人相处，对应选项C。
4. 第4题：
A项：文中提到亚洲私下送礼物是礼貌行为，中国属于亚洲，因此公开送礼物不符合礼仪，A错误；
B项：根据“You mustn't give knives in Latin America because it suggests that you want to cut off the relationship.”可知，拉丁美洲禁止送刀，B错误；
C项：由“You mustn't give your food or drink to Arabians because it suggests that you think your host can't offer you enough to eat and drink.”可知，不能给阿拉伯人食物或饮料，C错误；
D项：根据最后一段“But if English people say "Come any time", they will think you are impolite if you start fixing(确定)a date.”可知，英国人说这句话只是客套，并非真的希望确定拜访日期，D正确。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 词义猜测（上下文对比）
3. 跨文化礼仪常识
【点评】
本文围绕不同国家的礼仪习俗展开，题目侧重细节定位与逻辑推理，需要学生精准抓取原文信息，并结合语境理解词义、判断选项正误，既考查阅读理解能力，也能帮助学生了解跨文化礼仪知识。
【难度系数】
0.6