四、阅读理解
Since the Zhou Dynasty, a complete etiquette(礼仪)system has been set. Today, many of these rules are not as strict(严格的)as before. However, some are still followed on important occasions(场合)and are thought as examples of good manners.
Walking Etiquette
$ \textcircled{1} $ In ancient China, while walking with someone with higher status (地位)or an old person, one should lower head, and walk a little bit behind them. If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle. One should bow(鞠躬)down and walk fast using smaller steps when passing by an elder or a teacher.
Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules
$ \textcircled{2} $ Everyone should be sitting in a proper position (位置)at dining tables. It is based on their titles, ranks, or age. If someone doesn't know the exact position, they should wait and follow the host's lead. The best seat is the one that faces the south or the door. Hosts usually sit next to the door.
Bow and Fist-and-Palm Salute(抱拳)
$ \textcircled{3} $ Bow, known as zuoyi in Chinese, means having their hands folded in front in different ways. Today, however, the simplest zuoyi is good enough, as well as nodding, smiling, and handshaking.
$ \textcircled{4} $ The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of zuoyi, with the right hand's fist covered by the left hand. It first appeared in the army when people holding weapons(武器)wanted to show respect for others. So, people always used the left hand to cover the right hand that held weapons.
( ) 1. In ancient China, which place should your teacher be when walking with you and your classmate?
A. In the middle. B. On the left. C. On the right. D. At the back.
( ) 2. Where can we put the sentence "The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners." in the passage?
A. $ \textcircled{1} $ B. $ \textcircled{2} $ C. $ \textcircled{3} $ D. $ \textcircled{4} $
( ) 3. Which of the following pictures correctly shows "the Fist-and-Palm Salute"?
( ) 4. Why is the underlined sentence included in the last paragraph?
A. To give an example. B. To set the order.
C. To add more information. D. To show a result.
( ) 5. What may the writer talk about in the following paragraph?
A. Another kind of Chinese etiquette.
B. Another kind of Western etiquette.
C. Differences among the three kinds of etiquette.
D. Differences between Chinese and Western etiquette.
Since the Zhou Dynasty, a complete etiquette(礼仪)system has been set. Today, many of these rules are not as strict(严格的)as before. However, some are still followed on important occasions(场合)and are thought as examples of good manners.
Walking Etiquette
$ \textcircled{1} $ In ancient China, while walking with someone with higher status (地位)or an old person, one should lower head, and walk a little bit behind them. If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle. One should bow(鞠躬)down and walk fast using smaller steps when passing by an elder or a teacher.
Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules
$ \textcircled{2} $ Everyone should be sitting in a proper position (位置)at dining tables. It is based on their titles, ranks, or age. If someone doesn't know the exact position, they should wait and follow the host's lead. The best seat is the one that faces the south or the door. Hosts usually sit next to the door.
Bow and Fist-and-Palm Salute(抱拳)
$ \textcircled{3} $ Bow, known as zuoyi in Chinese, means having their hands folded in front in different ways. Today, however, the simplest zuoyi is good enough, as well as nodding, smiling, and handshaking.
$ \textcircled{4} $ The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of zuoyi, with the right hand's fist covered by the left hand. It first appeared in the army when people holding weapons(武器)wanted to show respect for others. So, people always used the left hand to cover the right hand that held weapons.
( ) 1. In ancient China, which place should your teacher be when walking with you and your classmate?
A. In the middle. B. On the left. C. On the right. D. At the back.
( ) 2. Where can we put the sentence "The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners." in the passage?
A. $ \textcircled{1} $ B. $ \textcircled{2} $ C. $ \textcircled{3} $ D. $ \textcircled{4} $
( ) 3. Which of the following pictures correctly shows "the Fist-and-Palm Salute"?
( ) 4. Why is the underlined sentence included in the last paragraph?
A. To give an example. B. To set the order.
C. To add more information. D. To show a result.
( ) 5. What may the writer talk about in the following paragraph?
A. Another kind of Chinese etiquette.
B. Another kind of Western etiquette.
C. Differences among the three kinds of etiquette.
D. Differences between Chinese and Western etiquette.
答案：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：题目询问古代中国和同学、老师同行时老师的位置，需定位到文中“Walking Etiquette”板块的相关描述，找到对应语句即可得出答案。
2. 第2题：题干句子围绕座位顺序的应用场景展开，需找到文中介绍座位礼仪的段落，判断该句子的合适位置。
3. 第3题：根据文中对“Fist-and-Palm Salute”的动作描述，匹配对应的插图选项。
4. 第4题：分析最后一段划线句子的作用，该句子介绍了抱拳礼的起源背景，需判断其在段落中的功能。
5. 第5题：结合文章整体内容，文章围绕中国传统礼仪展开，推测后续段落的内容方向。
【解析】
1. 根据文中“Walking Etiquette”部分的“If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle.”可知，三人同行时老师应在中间，故选A。
2. 题干句子“The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners.”讲述座位顺序的应用场景，对应文中介绍座位礼仪的“Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules”板块（即②处），该板块围绕座位规则展开，所以此句放在②处最合适，故选B。
3. 根据文中对“Fist-and-Palm Salute”的描述“with the right hand's fist covered by the left hand”（右手握拳，左手覆盖在右拳上），对应选项B的插图，故选B。
4. 最后一段划线句子介绍了抱拳礼起源于军队的背景信息，是对抱拳礼的补充说明，作用是添加更多相关信息，故选C。
5. 文章已介绍了行走礼仪、座位礼仪、作揖和抱拳礼，整体围绕中国传统礼仪展开，因此接下来最可能介绍另一种中国礼仪，故选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A
【知识点】
细节信息查找、语篇逻辑衔接、推理判断
【点评】
本文围绕中国传统礼仪展开，既考查了学生英语阅读的细节定位、逻辑判断能力，也帮助学生了解中国传统文化礼仪，兼具知识性与实用性。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：题目询问古代中国和同学、老师同行时老师的位置，需定位到文中“Walking Etiquette”板块的相关描述，找到对应语句即可得出答案。
2. 第2题：题干句子围绕座位顺序的应用场景展开，需找到文中介绍座位礼仪的段落，判断该句子的合适位置。
3. 第3题：根据文中对“Fist-and-Palm Salute”的动作描述，匹配对应的插图选项。
4. 第4题：分析最后一段划线句子的作用，该句子介绍了抱拳礼的起源背景，需判断其在段落中的功能。
5. 第5题：结合文章整体内容，文章围绕中国传统礼仪展开，推测后续段落的内容方向。
【解析】
1. 根据文中“Walking Etiquette”部分的“If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle.”可知，三人同行时老师应在中间，故选A。
2. 题干句子“The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners.”讲述座位顺序的应用场景，对应文中介绍座位礼仪的“Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules”板块（即②处），该板块围绕座位规则展开，所以此句放在②处最合适，故选B。
3. 根据文中对“Fist-and-Palm Salute”的描述“with the right hand's fist covered by the left hand”（右手握拳，左手覆盖在右拳上），对应选项B的插图，故选B。
4. 最后一段划线句子介绍了抱拳礼起源于军队的背景信息，是对抱拳礼的补充说明，作用是添加更多相关信息，故选C。
5. 文章已介绍了行走礼仪、座位礼仪、作揖和抱拳礼，整体围绕中国传统礼仪展开，因此接下来最可能介绍另一种中国礼仪，故选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A
【知识点】
细节信息查找、语篇逻辑衔接、推理判断
【点评】
本文围绕中国传统礼仪展开，既考查了学生英语阅读的细节定位、逻辑判断能力，也帮助学生了解中国传统文化礼仪，兼具知识性与实用性。
【难度系数】
0.6