五、阅读理解
$ \textcircled{1} $ Chongqing, a city in south-western China, has faced many environmental problems in recent years. Because of its quick development, the city faces air pollution, water pollution and waste management problems. However, Chongqing has taken useful measures(措施)to improve its environment.
$ \textcircled{2} $ In the past, Chongqing's air quality was poor because of factories and vehicle emissions (车辆排放物). To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy. For example, many factories have used natural gas instead of coal(煤炭). What's more, Chongqing has improved its public transport system to cut down the number of cars on the road.
$ \textcircled{3} $ Chongqing lies at the meeting point of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River, which makes water resource protection important. The city has built more sewage treatment plants (污水处理厂)to clean wastewater before it flows into the rivers. Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them.
$ \textcircled{4} $ The government has also set up a system to reduce the amount of rubbish. People are encouraged to separate their waste into different kinds, such as recyclable things, kitchen waste and hazardous waste like harmful chemicals. Schools and communities often organize activities to teach people how to separate waste correctly.
$ \textcircled{5} $ To make the city more comfortable to live in, Chongqing has planted millions of trees and built many parks and green spaces. These areas not only improve the environment but also provide places for people to relax and exercise.
$ \textcircled{6} $ Thanks to these efforts, Chongqing's environment has improved a lot. However, protecting the environment is a long-term task, and everyone needs to do their part.
( ) 1. According to the passage, what measures has Chongqing taken to solve air pollution?
$ \textcircled{1} $ Encouraging the use of clean energy. $ \textcircled{2} $ Setting up a system to reduce rubbish.
$ \textcircled{3} $ Building sewage treatment plants. $ \textcircled{4} $ Improving its public transport system.
A. $ \textcircled{1}\textcircled{2} $ B. $ \textcircled{2}\textcircled{3} $ C. $ \textcircled{1}\textcircled{4} $ D. $ \textcircled{3}\textcircled{4} $
( ) 2. How does the writer develop the third paragraph?
A. By listing facts. B. By sharing ideas.
C. By listing numbers. D. By asking questions.
( ) 3. What does the underlined word "hazardous" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Dirty. B. Dangerous. C. Beautiful. D. Necessary.
( ) 4. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
Exercise 3 of Unit 8 of 8B Reading (Ⅱ)
$ \textcircled{1} $ Chongqing, a city in south-western China, has faced many environmental problems in recent years. Because of its quick development, the city faces air pollution, water pollution and waste management problems. However, Chongqing has taken useful measures(措施)to improve its environment.
$ \textcircled{2} $ In the past, Chongqing's air quality was poor because of factories and vehicle emissions (车辆排放物). To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy. For example, many factories have used natural gas instead of coal(煤炭). What's more, Chongqing has improved its public transport system to cut down the number of cars on the road.
$ \textcircled{3} $ Chongqing lies at the meeting point of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River, which makes water resource protection important. The city has built more sewage treatment plants (污水处理厂)to clean wastewater before it flows into the rivers. Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them.
$ \textcircled{4} $ The government has also set up a system to reduce the amount of rubbish. People are encouraged to separate their waste into different kinds, such as recyclable things, kitchen waste and hazardous waste like harmful chemicals. Schools and communities often organize activities to teach people how to separate waste correctly.
$ \textcircled{5} $ To make the city more comfortable to live in, Chongqing has planted millions of trees and built many parks and green spaces. These areas not only improve the environment but also provide places for people to relax and exercise.
$ \textcircled{6} $ Thanks to these efforts, Chongqing's environment has improved a lot. However, protecting the environment is a long-term task, and everyone needs to do their part.
( ) 1. According to the passage, what measures has Chongqing taken to solve air pollution?
$ \textcircled{1} $ Encouraging the use of clean energy. $ \textcircled{2} $ Setting up a system to reduce rubbish.
$ \textcircled{3} $ Building sewage treatment plants. $ \textcircled{4} $ Improving its public transport system.
A. $ \textcircled{1}\textcircled{2} $ B. $ \textcircled{2}\textcircled{3} $ C. $ \textcircled{1}\textcircled{4} $ D. $ \textcircled{3}\textcircled{4} $
( ) 2. How does the writer develop the third paragraph?
A. By listing facts. B. By sharing ideas.
C. By listing numbers. D. By asking questions.
( ) 3. What does the underlined word "hazardous" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Dirty. B. Dangerous. C. Beautiful. D. Necessary.
( ) 4. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
Exercise 3 of Unit 8 of 8B Reading (Ⅱ)
答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：先定位到文章第2段，该段围绕重庆解决空气污染的措施展开，从中提取关键信息，再对比选项匹配正确的措施组合。
2. 第2题：分析第3段的内容，看段落是通过列举具体举措来阐述水资源保护，判断其写作手法。
3. 第3题：根据划线单词后“like harmful chemicals”的举例提示，推测单词的含义，匹配对应的选项。
4. 第4题：梳理文章整体结构：开头①段是引入，介绍重庆环境问题及治理方向；②-⑤段是具体的治理措施；最后⑥段是总结，对比选项找到匹配的结构。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第2段“To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy... What's more, Chongqing has improved its public transport system to cut down the number of cars on the road.”可知，解决空气污染的措施是鼓励使用清洁能源和改善公共交通系统，对应①和④，故选C。
2. 第2题：第3段提到“The city has built more sewage treatment plants... Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them.”，是通过列举具体事实来阐述水资源保护的措施，属于列举事实的写作手法，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据第4段中“hazardous waste like harmful chemicals”，“harmful chemicals”是有害化学品，说明这类垃圾具有危险性，因此“hazardous”意为“危险的”，对应选项B。
4. 第4题：文章结构：①段为引言，引出重庆的环境问题及治理措施；②③④⑤段是具体的治理措施，分别从空气、水、垃圾、绿化四个方面展开；⑥段为结论，总结环境改善情况并强调环保的长期性。对应选项B的结构。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B
【知识点】
1. 细节理解
2. 写作手法判断
3. 词义猜测
【点评】
本文围绕重庆环境治理展开，考查了细节提取、写作手法识别、词义猜测和篇章结构分析，需要学生具备精准定位信息、逻辑推理和梳理篇章框架的能力，能有效提升学生的阅读理解综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：先定位到文章第2段，该段围绕重庆解决空气污染的措施展开，从中提取关键信息，再对比选项匹配正确的措施组合。
2. 第2题：分析第3段的内容，看段落是通过列举具体举措来阐述水资源保护，判断其写作手法。
3. 第3题：根据划线单词后“like harmful chemicals”的举例提示，推测单词的含义，匹配对应的选项。
4. 第4题：梳理文章整体结构：开头①段是引入，介绍重庆环境问题及治理方向；②-⑤段是具体的治理措施；最后⑥段是总结，对比选项找到匹配的结构。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第2段“To solve this problem, the government has introduced strict rules on industrial pollution and encouraged the use of clean energy... What's more, Chongqing has improved its public transport system to cut down the number of cars on the road.”可知，解决空气污染的措施是鼓励使用清洁能源和改善公共交通系统，对应①和④，故选C。
2. 第2题：第3段提到“The city has built more sewage treatment plants... Moreover, the government plans to clean up the rivers and prevent people from throwing rubbish into them.”，是通过列举具体事实来阐述水资源保护的措施，属于列举事实的写作手法，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据第4段中“hazardous waste like harmful chemicals”，“harmful chemicals”是有害化学品，说明这类垃圾具有危险性，因此“hazardous”意为“危险的”，对应选项B。
4. 第4题：文章结构：①段为引言，引出重庆的环境问题及治理措施；②③④⑤段是具体的治理措施，分别从空气、水、垃圾、绿化四个方面展开；⑥段为结论，总结环境改善情况并强调环保的长期性。对应选项B的结构。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B
【知识点】
1. 细节理解
2. 写作手法判断
3. 词义猜测
【点评】
本文围绕重庆环境治理展开，考查了细节提取、写作手法识别、词义猜测和篇章结构分析，需要学生具备精准定位信息、逻辑推理和梳理篇章框架的能力，能有效提升学生的阅读理解综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6