四、阅读理解
Peru is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. It is a country with many different landscapes, including mountains, beaches, rainforests and more.
The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south. The tall peaks(山峰)can be seen from beaches 80 km away. The highest peak, Mount Huascarán, is 6,768 metres high.
Because of its many different ecosystems, Peru is home to all kinds of plants and animals. The Amazon Rainforest covers around three fifths of Peru. In this large forest, a $ 1-\mathrm{k m}^{2} $ area can hold more than 6,000 kinds of plants. To protect them, Peru has created special forest areas called reserves. Large numbers of small fish live off the coast of Peru, and they in turn support populations of bigger fish and seabirds, including Humboldt penguins. There are many special kinds of plants and animals in the Andes Mountains. One amazing plant, the puya raimondi, takes 100 years to flower.
The people of Peru are a mix of many different cultures, including Indians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. Most people used to live in the countryside. But now, more than 70 per cent live in cities.
Peru has a long and rich history. Over 500 years ago, it was home to the powerful Inca Empire in South America. The Incas built amazing cities like Machu Picchu in the Andes. In the 1500s, the Spanish arrived and took over. For about 300 years, Peru was under Spanish control (控制). It became an independent(独立的)country in 1821.
Peru is a country full of history, culture, and natural beauty. Its different landscapes, people and ecosystems make it an unusual place in the world.
( ) 1. What can we learn about the Andes Mountains from Paragraph
A. They are 80 kilometres long.
B. Most peaks are 6,768 metres high.
C. They spread across Peru from north to south.
D. Only the highest peak can be seen from beaches.
( ) 2. How much of Peru is covered by the Amazon rainforest?
A. About 25%. B. About 45%. C. About 60%. D. About 80%.
( ) 3. Which topic about Peru is described in the most detail in the passage?
A. People. B. Landscapes. C. History. D. Ecosystems.
( ) 4. Where does the passage most probably come from?
A. A storybook. B. A news report.
C. A travel magazine. D. A history textbook.
Exercise 2 of Unit 3 of 8B Reading (I)
Peru is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. It is a country with many different landscapes, including mountains, beaches, rainforests and more.
The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south. The tall peaks(山峰)can be seen from beaches 80 km away. The highest peak, Mount Huascarán, is 6,768 metres high.
Because of its many different ecosystems, Peru is home to all kinds of plants and animals. The Amazon Rainforest covers around three fifths of Peru. In this large forest, a $ 1-\mathrm{k m}^{2} $ area can hold more than 6,000 kinds of plants. To protect them, Peru has created special forest areas called reserves. Large numbers of small fish live off the coast of Peru, and they in turn support populations of bigger fish and seabirds, including Humboldt penguins. There are many special kinds of plants and animals in the Andes Mountains. One amazing plant, the puya raimondi, takes 100 years to flower.
The people of Peru are a mix of many different cultures, including Indians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. Most people used to live in the countryside. But now, more than 70 per cent live in cities.
Peru has a long and rich history. Over 500 years ago, it was home to the powerful Inca Empire in South America. The Incas built amazing cities like Machu Picchu in the Andes. In the 1500s, the Spanish arrived and took over. For about 300 years, Peru was under Spanish control (控制). It became an independent(独立的)country in 1821.
Peru is a country full of history, culture, and natural beauty. Its different landscapes, people and ecosystems make it an unusual place in the world.
( ) 1. What can we learn about the Andes Mountains from Paragraph
A. They are 80 kilometres long.
B. Most peaks are 6,768 metres high.
C. They spread across Peru from north to south.
D. Only the highest peak can be seen from beaches.
( ) 2. How much of Peru is covered by the Amazon rainforest?
A. About 25%. B. About 45%. C. About 60%. D. About 80%.
( ) 3. Which topic about Peru is described in the most detail in the passage?
A. People. B. Landscapes. C. History. D. Ecosystems.
( ) 4. Where does the passage most probably come from?
A. A storybook. B. A news report.
C. A travel magazine. D. A history textbook.
Exercise 2 of Unit 3 of 8B Reading (I)
答案：1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：先定位到文章第二段，逐一分析选项。原文明确提到安第斯山脉从北到南贯穿秘鲁，对比选项：A选项混淆了“从80公里外海滩可见山峰”和山脉长度；B选项将最高峰的高度错误归为大多数山峰；D选项“只有最高峰能被看到”与原文“高的山峰能被看到”不符，因此选C。
2. 第2题：定位到第三段关于亚马逊雨林的内容，原文提到覆盖秘鲁约五分之三，换算成百分比是60%，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：梳理各话题的篇幅和细节：生态系统部分详细介绍了亚马逊雨林的植物、保护区、沿海鱼类、安第斯山脉的特殊动植物等，内容最丰富；而人口、历史、地貌部分的描述相对简洁，因此选D。
4. 第4题：分析文章内容，文章全面介绍秘鲁的自然景观、生态、人文历史，这类介绍国家特色的内容最可能出自旅行杂志；故事书侧重叙事，新闻报道聚焦时事，历史课本侧重历史事件，均不符合，因此选C。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第二段第一句“The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south.”可知，安第斯山脉从北到南贯穿秘鲁，对应选项C。A选项中“80 kilometres long”错误，原文是“can be seen from beaches 80 km away”；B选项“Most peaks”错误，原文仅最高山峰Mount Huascarán是6768米；D选项“Only the highest peak”错误，原文是“The tall peaks can be seen”。
2. 第2题：由第三段“The Amazon Rainforest covers around three fifths of Peru.”可知，three fifths（五分之三）即60%，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：文章第三段详细介绍了秘鲁的生态系统，包括亚马逊雨林的植物、自然保护区、沿海的鱼类及海鸟、安第斯山脉的特殊动植物等，内容篇幅最长、细节最丰富；而介绍人口（第四段）、历史（第五段）、地貌（第一、二段）的内容相对简略，因此生态系统是描述最详细的话题，选D。
4. 第4题：文章围绕秘鲁的自然景观、生态系统、人文历史展开，是对秘鲁国家特色的全面介绍，这类内容通常会出现在旅行杂志中，帮助读者了解旅行目的地；A选项故事书以虚构故事为主，B选项新闻报道侧重近期事件，D选项历史课本侧重历史发展，均不符合文章类型，故选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C
【知识点】
1. 细节理解题
2. 推理判断题
3. 主旨大意题
【点评】
这篇阅读理解围绕秘鲁的自然风貌、生态系统、人文历史展开，题目涵盖信息定位、比例换算、话题细节对比和文章来源推理，全面考查学生的英语阅读信息提取、理解转换及逻辑推理能力，有助于学生提升英语阅读综合素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：先定位到文章第二段，逐一分析选项。原文明确提到安第斯山脉从北到南贯穿秘鲁，对比选项：A选项混淆了“从80公里外海滩可见山峰”和山脉长度；B选项将最高峰的高度错误归为大多数山峰；D选项“只有最高峰能被看到”与原文“高的山峰能被看到”不符，因此选C。
2. 第2题：定位到第三段关于亚马逊雨林的内容，原文提到覆盖秘鲁约五分之三，换算成百分比是60%，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：梳理各话题的篇幅和细节：生态系统部分详细介绍了亚马逊雨林的植物、保护区、沿海鱼类、安第斯山脉的特殊动植物等，内容最丰富；而人口、历史、地貌部分的描述相对简洁，因此选D。
4. 第4题：分析文章内容，文章全面介绍秘鲁的自然景观、生态、人文历史，这类介绍国家特色的内容最可能出自旅行杂志；故事书侧重叙事，新闻报道聚焦时事，历史课本侧重历史事件，均不符合，因此选C。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第二段第一句“The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south.”可知，安第斯山脉从北到南贯穿秘鲁，对应选项C。A选项中“80 kilometres long”错误，原文是“can be seen from beaches 80 km away”；B选项“Most peaks”错误，原文仅最高山峰Mount Huascarán是6768米；D选项“Only the highest peak”错误，原文是“The tall peaks can be seen”。
2. 第2题：由第三段“The Amazon Rainforest covers around three fifths of Peru.”可知，three fifths（五分之三）即60%，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：文章第三段详细介绍了秘鲁的生态系统，包括亚马逊雨林的植物、自然保护区、沿海的鱼类及海鸟、安第斯山脉的特殊动植物等，内容篇幅最长、细节最丰富；而介绍人口（第四段）、历史（第五段）、地貌（第一、二段）的内容相对简略，因此生态系统是描述最详细的话题，选D。
4. 第4题：文章围绕秘鲁的自然景观、生态系统、人文历史展开，是对秘鲁国家特色的全面介绍，这类内容通常会出现在旅行杂志中，帮助读者了解旅行目的地；A选项故事书以虚构故事为主，B选项新闻报道侧重近期事件，D选项历史课本侧重历史发展，均不符合文章类型，故选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C
【知识点】
1. 细节理解题
2. 推理判断题
3. 主旨大意题
【点评】
这篇阅读理解围绕秘鲁的自然风貌、生态系统、人文历史展开，题目涵盖信息定位、比例换算、话题细节对比和文章来源推理，全面考查学生的英语阅读信息提取、理解转换及逻辑推理能力，有助于学生提升英语阅读综合素养。
【难度系数】
0.6