四、阅读理解
Since the Zhou Dynasty, a complete etiquette(礼仪)system has been set. Today, many of these rules are not as strict(严格的)as before. However, some are still followed on important occasions(场合)and are thought as examples of good manners.
Walking Etiquette
$ \textcircled{1} $ In ancient China, while walking with someone with higher status (地位)or an old person, one should lower head, and walk a little bit behind them. If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle. One should bow(鞠躬)down and walk fast using smaller steps when passing by an elder or a teacher.
Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules
$ \textcircled{2} $ Everyone should be sitting in a proper position (位置)at dining tables. It is based on their titles, ranks, or age. If someone doesn't know the exact position, they should wait and follow the host's lead. The best seat is the one that faces the south or the door. Hosts usually sit next to the door.
Bow and Fist-and-Palm Salute(抱拳)
$ \textcircled{3} $ Bow, known as zuoyi in Chinese, means having their hands folded in front in different ways. Today, however, the simplest zuoyi is good enough, as well as nodding, smiling, and handshaking.
$ \textcircled{4} $ The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of zuoyi, with the right hand's fist covered by the left hand. It first appeared in the army when people holding weapons(武器)wanted to show respect for others. So, people always used the left hand to cover the right hand that held weapons.
( ) 1. In ancient China, which place should your teacher be when walking with you and your classmate?
A. In the middle. B. On the left. C. On the right. D. At the back.
( ) 2. Where can we put the sentence "The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners." in the passage?
A. $ \textcircled{1} $ B. $ \textcircled{2} $ C. $ \textcircled{3} $ D. $ \textcircled{4} $
( ) 3. Which of the following pictures correctly shows “the Fist-and-Palm Salute”?
( ) 4. Why is the underlined sentence included in the last paragraph?
A. To give an example. B. To set the order.
C. To add more information. D. To show a result.
( ) 5. What may the writer talk about in the following paragraph?
A. Another kind of Chinese etiquette.
B. Another kind of Western etiquette.
C. Differences among the three kinds of etiquette.
D. Differences between Chinese and Western etiquette.
Exercise 6 of Unit 5 of 8B Integration (Ⅱ)
Since the Zhou Dynasty, a complete etiquette(礼仪)system has been set. Today, many of these rules are not as strict(严格的)as before. However, some are still followed on important occasions(场合)and are thought as examples of good manners.
Walking Etiquette
$ \textcircled{1} $ In ancient China, while walking with someone with higher status (地位)or an old person, one should lower head, and walk a little bit behind them. If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle. One should bow(鞠躬)down and walk fast using smaller steps when passing by an elder or a teacher.
Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules
$ \textcircled{2} $ Everyone should be sitting in a proper position (位置)at dining tables. It is based on their titles, ranks, or age. If someone doesn't know the exact position, they should wait and follow the host's lead. The best seat is the one that faces the south or the door. Hosts usually sit next to the door.
Bow and Fist-and-Palm Salute(抱拳)
$ \textcircled{3} $ Bow, known as zuoyi in Chinese, means having their hands folded in front in different ways. Today, however, the simplest zuoyi is good enough, as well as nodding, smiling, and handshaking.
$ \textcircled{4} $ The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of zuoyi, with the right hand's fist covered by the left hand. It first appeared in the army when people holding weapons(武器)wanted to show respect for others. So, people always used the left hand to cover the right hand that held weapons.
( ) 1. In ancient China, which place should your teacher be when walking with you and your classmate?
A. In the middle. B. On the left. C. On the right. D. At the back.
( ) 2. Where can we put the sentence "The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners." in the passage?
A. $ \textcircled{1} $ B. $ \textcircled{2} $ C. $ \textcircled{3} $ D. $ \textcircled{4} $
( ) 3. Which of the following pictures correctly shows “the Fist-and-Palm Salute”?
( ) 4. Why is the underlined sentence included in the last paragraph?
A. To give an example. B. To set the order.
C. To add more information. D. To show a result.
( ) 5. What may the writer talk about in the following paragraph?
A. Another kind of Chinese etiquette.
B. Another kind of Western etiquette.
C. Differences among the three kinds of etiquette.
D. Differences between Chinese and Western etiquette.
Exercise 6 of Unit 5 of 8B Integration (Ⅱ)
答案：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：先定位到文章“Walking Etiquette”板块，查找三人同行的礼仪规则，其中明确提及长辈或老师应处于中间位置，据此可锁定答案。
2. 第2题：待插入句子核心是“座位顺序在家庭和商务晚宴中仍广泛应用”，需匹配到讲解座位礼仪的段落，文章第②部分正是“Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules”，内容围绕座位规则展开，因此该句子应放在此处。
3. 第3题：定位到“Fist-and-Palm Salute”部分，文中明确说明该礼仪是左手盖住右手拳头，对照插图即可选出符合描述的选项。
4. 第4题：最后一段划线句补充解释了抱拳礼中左手盖右手的原因，是对礼仪起源细节的补充，作用是增添更多相关信息，据此判断选项。
5. 第5题：文章依次介绍了行走礼仪、座位礼仪、鞠躬和抱拳礼，均属于中国传统礼仪范畴，按照行文逻辑，接下来很可能继续介绍另一种中国礼仪。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章“Walking Etiquette”中的内容“If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle.”可知，三人同行时老师应在中间，故选A。
2. 第2题：句子“The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners.”围绕座位顺序的应用展开，对应文章第②部分“Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules”的主题，所以应放在第②处，选B。
3. 第3题：由“Fist-and-Palm Salute”部分的描述“with the right hand's fist covered by the left hand.”可知，该礼仪是左手覆盖右手拳头，对应选项B的插图。
4. 第4题：最后一段划线句“So, people always used the left hand to cover the right hand that held weapons.”补充说明了抱拳礼的起源细节，是为了添加更多相关信息，故选C。
5. 第5题：文章通篇介绍的是中国传统礼仪，已介绍三种，按照逻辑接下来可能继续介绍另一种中国礼仪，故选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A
【知识点】
1. 细节理解
2. 段落衔接
3. 推理判断
【点评】
本文介绍了中国从周代延续至今的几种传统礼仪，涵盖行走、座位、鞠躬及抱拳礼。题目侧重考查学生对文章细节的抓取、段落逻辑的理解及推理能力，既能帮助学生了解中国传统礼仪文化，又能提升阅读理解核心能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：先定位到文章“Walking Etiquette”板块，查找三人同行的礼仪规则，其中明确提及长辈或老师应处于中间位置，据此可锁定答案。
2. 第2题：待插入句子核心是“座位顺序在家庭和商务晚宴中仍广泛应用”，需匹配到讲解座位礼仪的段落，文章第②部分正是“Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules”，内容围绕座位规则展开，因此该句子应放在此处。
3. 第3题：定位到“Fist-and-Palm Salute”部分，文中明确说明该礼仪是左手盖住右手拳头，对照插图即可选出符合描述的选项。
4. 第4题：最后一段划线句补充解释了抱拳礼中左手盖右手的原因，是对礼仪起源细节的补充，作用是增添更多相关信息，据此判断选项。
5. 第5题：文章依次介绍了行走礼仪、座位礼仪、鞠躬和抱拳礼，均属于中国传统礼仪范畴，按照行文逻辑，接下来很可能继续介绍另一种中国礼仪。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章“Walking Etiquette”中的内容“If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle.”可知，三人同行时老师应在中间，故选A。
2. 第2题：句子“The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners.”围绕座位顺序的应用展开，对应文章第②部分“Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules”的主题，所以应放在第②处，选B。
3. 第3题：由“Fist-and-Palm Salute”部分的描述“with the right hand's fist covered by the left hand.”可知，该礼仪是左手覆盖右手拳头，对应选项B的插图。
4. 第4题：最后一段划线句“So, people always used the left hand to cover the right hand that held weapons.”补充说明了抱拳礼的起源细节，是为了添加更多相关信息，故选C。
5. 第5题：文章通篇介绍的是中国传统礼仪，已介绍三种，按照逻辑接下来可能继续介绍另一种中国礼仪，故选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A
【知识点】
1. 细节理解
2. 段落衔接
3. 推理判断
【点评】
本文介绍了中国从周代延续至今的几种传统礼仪，涵盖行走、座位、鞠躬及抱拳礼。题目侧重考查学生对文章细节的抓取、段落逻辑的理解及推理能力，既能帮助学生了解中国传统礼仪文化，又能提升阅读理解核心能力。
【难度系数】
0.6