七、跨学科 地理 阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态
子主题:生态特征
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★
[2026 扬州中学教育集团树人学校期末]① Water is important for all living things on the Earth. The water cycle(循环) takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to the Earth again. It is a cycle that happens the whole year and is most active from March to June in China.
② The water cycle always begins with water vapour(水蒸气). When it's hot outside, you can see clouds forming in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground, plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to the Earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.
③ The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. Moreover, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don't have enough water. ▲ When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood. When water is badly needed, it results in a drought(干旱). Besides, water vapour can take heat from the sun and keep our Earth cool.
④ Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our Earth works and find better ways to protect our Earth and that is our duty.
1. What is the main purpose of the water cycle?
A. To change water into vapour and clouds.
B. To protect Earth's climate and support life.
C. To help us understand nature in a better way.
D. To explain why floods and droughts happen.
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. When the water cycle is most active.
B. The different forms of water on the Earth.
C. How the water cycle works step by step.
D. The problems caused by the water cycle.
3. (创新考法·信息回填)Which sentence should go in "
A. However, this cycle is not always perfect.
B. Without the cycle, we would face many problems.
C. As a result, we must learn to save water in our everyday life.
D. In fact, the water cycle is important in different weather conditions.
4. (创新考法·篇章结构)Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage?
主题群:自然生态
子主题:生态特征
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★
[2026 扬州中学教育集团树人学校期末]① Water is important for all living things on the Earth. The water cycle(循环) takes water from the ground and the sky and brings it back to the Earth again. It is a cycle that happens the whole year and is most active from March to June in China.
② The water cycle always begins with water vapour(水蒸气). When it's hot outside, you can see clouds forming in the sky. These clouds are made of water vapour that comes from the ground, plants and rivers. As water vapour rises into the sky, it cools down and becomes clouds. After that, clouds travel through the sky and fall back to the Earth as rain or snow. Then, water runs through rivers and oceans and finally returns to the earth again in different forms like rainwater or snow.
③ The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy. Moreover, it takes water from rivers and oceans and brings it to the areas that don't have enough water. ▲ When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood. When water is badly needed, it results in a drought(干旱). Besides, water vapour can take heat from the sun and keep our Earth cool.
④ Understanding the water cycle can help us enjoy the beauty of nature, know how our Earth works and find better ways to protect our Earth and that is our duty.
1. What is the main purpose of the water cycle?
A. To change water into vapour and clouds.
B. To protect Earth's climate and support life.
C. To help us understand nature in a better way.
D. To explain why floods and droughts happen.
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. When the water cycle is most active.
B. The different forms of water on the Earth.
C. How the water cycle works step by step.
D. The problems caused by the water cycle.
3. (创新考法·信息回填)Which sentence should go in "
B
▲" in Paragraph 3?A. However, this cycle is not always perfect.
B. Without the cycle, we would face many problems.
C. As a result, we must learn to save water in our everyday life.
D. In fact, the water cycle is important in different weather conditions.
4. (创新考法·篇章结构)Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage?
答案：1. B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知,水循环的主要目的是保护地球气候并维持生命。
2. C 段落大意题。通读第二段可知,第二段从水蒸气开始,依次描述了云的形成、雨雪降落、水通过河流海洋回到土地的过程,详细介绍了水循环的步骤。因此,第二段主要讲水循环一步步如何运作。
3. B 信息回填题。前文中“The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate ... brings it to the areas that don't have enough water.”阐述了水循环的诸多好处:保护气候、提供饮用水、向缺水地区输送水。后文中“When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood. When water is badly needed, it results in a drought.”描述了没有水循环时会出现的洪水、干旱等问题,前后形成“有循环的益处——无循环的后果”的逻辑衔接。
4. A 篇章结构题。通读全文可知,第一段总起,介绍水循环;第二段分述水循环的具体过程;第三段分述水循环的重要性;最后一段总结理解水循环的意义。整体结构为“总—分—总”。
方法归纳
阅读理解之篇章结构题
常见的篇章结构模式有总分总结构、总分结构、分总结构等。学生在解题时要先通读全文,把握文章的大意和主题。然后,注意识别关键信息,如主题句、连接词和过渡句。接着,仔细分析每个选项,判断其与文章或段落的结构是否相符,并注意排除与文章结构明显不符的选项。最后,结合上下文来理解文章和段落的结构,不要孤立地看待某个段落或句子。
2. C 段落大意题。通读第二段可知,第二段从水蒸气开始,依次描述了云的形成、雨雪降落、水通过河流海洋回到土地的过程,详细介绍了水循环的步骤。因此,第二段主要讲水循环一步步如何运作。
3. B 信息回填题。前文中“The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate ... brings it to the areas that don't have enough water.”阐述了水循环的诸多好处:保护气候、提供饮用水、向缺水地区输送水。后文中“When there is too much water in one place, it becomes a flood. When water is badly needed, it results in a drought.”描述了没有水循环时会出现的洪水、干旱等问题,前后形成“有循环的益处——无循环的后果”的逻辑衔接。
4. A 篇章结构题。通读全文可知,第一段总起,介绍水循环;第二段分述水循环的具体过程;第三段分述水循环的重要性;最后一段总结理解水循环的意义。整体结构为“总—分—总”。
方法归纳
阅读理解之篇章结构题
常见的篇章结构模式有总分总结构、总分结构、分总结构等。学生在解题时要先通读全文,把握文章的大意和主题。然后,注意识别关键信息,如主题句、连接词和过渡句。接着,仔细分析每个选项,判断其与文章或段落的结构是否相符,并注意排除与文章结构明显不符的选项。最后,结合上下文来理解文章和段落的结构,不要孤立地看待某个段落或句子。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍水循环的跨学科说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 第1题推理判断：先定位题干关键词"main purpose of the water cycle"，回到原文第三段找核心描述，区分选项里的片面内容，排除仅描述部分过程、错位描述其他对象作用的干扰项，选出符合原文核心表述的答案。
2. 第2题段落大意：通读第二段，梳理段落逻辑：从水蒸气起始，依次梳理云的形成、降水、水回归地表的完整流程，就能判断段落核心是介绍水循环的运作步骤，排除其他无关选项。
3. 第3题信息回填：先分析空格前后的逻辑关系：空格前全部在罗列水循环给地球和人类带来的各类益处，空格后描述的是洪水、干旱这类水量失衡的灾害，找到能顺畅衔接“水循环的正向作用”和“缺失水循环的负面后果”的过渡句即可。
4. 第4题篇章结构：逐段概括段落功能：第①段总起引入水循环的基本概念，第②段介绍水循环的运行过程，第③段介绍水循环的重要作用，第④段总结了解水循环的意义、升华主题，整体是“总-分-总”结构，匹配对应图示即可。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第三段中“The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知，水循环的核心作用是保护地球气候、为生命提供生存所需的水资源，对应B选项。A选项只是水循环的部分过程，并非水循环的目的；C选项是人类了解水循环的作用，不是水循环本身的目的；D选项是水循环异常带来的结果，均为干扰项排除。
2. 第2题：通读第二段，段落从水蒸气的产生开始，依次介绍了云的形成、水汽冷却成云、以雨雪形式降落、最终水通过河湖海洋回归地表的完整流程，核心是逐步讲解水循环的运行机制，对应C选项。A选项对应第一段的细节内容，B选项第二段没有侧重介绍水的不同形态，D选项对应第三段的内容，均排除。
3. 第3题：空格前文全部阐述水循环的各类正向作用，空格后文描述洪水、干旱等水量失衡的灾害，逻辑上衔接“水循环的益处”和“缺失水循环会引发的严重问题”的是B选项“没有这个循环，我们会面临很多问题”，前后逻辑连贯。A选项后文没有描述水循环本身的缺陷，C选项“节约用水”的话题前后无铺垫，D选项“不同天气条件”和后文灾害内容不匹配，均排除。
4. 第4题：逐段梳理功能：第①段总起，引入水循环的基本定义和基本特征；第②段、第③段分别从水循环的运行过程、水循环的重要意义两个维度展开分述；第④段总结全文，点明了解水循环的价值，属于典型的“总-分-总”结构，对应A选项的图示。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断，阅读理解段落大意，阅读理解篇章结构
【点评】
本题结合地理水循环主题设置跨学科考点，覆盖了说明文阅读常考的四类核心题型，既考察学生对语篇细节信息的抓取能力，也锻炼学生梳理行文逻辑、把握整体篇章架构的综合阅读能力，难度适中，符合基础阶段说明文阅读的考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍水循环的跨学科说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 第1题推理判断：先定位题干关键词"main purpose of the water cycle"，回到原文第三段找核心描述，区分选项里的片面内容，排除仅描述部分过程、错位描述其他对象作用的干扰项，选出符合原文核心表述的答案。
2. 第2题段落大意：通读第二段，梳理段落逻辑：从水蒸气起始，依次梳理云的形成、降水、水回归地表的完整流程，就能判断段落核心是介绍水循环的运作步骤，排除其他无关选项。
3. 第3题信息回填：先分析空格前后的逻辑关系：空格前全部在罗列水循环给地球和人类带来的各类益处，空格后描述的是洪水、干旱这类水量失衡的灾害，找到能顺畅衔接“水循环的正向作用”和“缺失水循环的负面后果”的过渡句即可。
4. 第4题篇章结构：逐段概括段落功能：第①段总起引入水循环的基本概念，第②段介绍水循环的运行过程，第③段介绍水循环的重要作用，第④段总结了解水循环的意义、升华主题，整体是“总-分-总”结构，匹配对应图示即可。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第三段中“The water cycle is important in protecting our Earth's climate. It provides us with water to drink and keeps our climate healthy.”可知，水循环的核心作用是保护地球气候、为生命提供生存所需的水资源，对应B选项。A选项只是水循环的部分过程，并非水循环的目的；C选项是人类了解水循环的作用，不是水循环本身的目的；D选项是水循环异常带来的结果，均为干扰项排除。
2. 第2题：通读第二段，段落从水蒸气的产生开始，依次介绍了云的形成、水汽冷却成云、以雨雪形式降落、最终水通过河湖海洋回归地表的完整流程，核心是逐步讲解水循环的运行机制，对应C选项。A选项对应第一段的细节内容，B选项第二段没有侧重介绍水的不同形态，D选项对应第三段的内容，均排除。
3. 第3题：空格前文全部阐述水循环的各类正向作用，空格后文描述洪水、干旱等水量失衡的灾害，逻辑上衔接“水循环的益处”和“缺失水循环会引发的严重问题”的是B选项“没有这个循环，我们会面临很多问题”，前后逻辑连贯。A选项后文没有描述水循环本身的缺陷，C选项“节约用水”的话题前后无铺垫，D选项“不同天气条件”和后文灾害内容不匹配，均排除。
4. 第4题：逐段梳理功能：第①段总起，引入水循环的基本定义和基本特征；第②段、第③段分别从水循环的运行过程、水循环的重要意义两个维度展开分述；第④段总结全文，点明了解水循环的价值，属于典型的“总-分-总”结构，对应A选项的图示。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断，阅读理解段落大意，阅读理解篇章结构
【点评】
本题结合地理水循环主题设置跨学科考点，覆盖了说明文阅读常考的四类核心题型，既考察学生对语篇细节信息的抓取能力，也锻炼学生梳理行文逻辑、把握整体篇章架构的综合阅读能力，难度适中，符合基础阶段说明文阅读的考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.7